中考总复习之名词讲解练习.doc

中考语法专项-名词一名词的分类 按照意义分为专有名词和普通名词1.专有名词定义：表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。1. 表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词如：China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京 Pacific Ocean 太平洋 Mt. Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰2. 表示团体、机构和报刊的专有名词例：China Daily 中国日报3. 表示星期和月份的专有名词： 注意：1. 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall（长城） the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国 2. 姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人（复数含义）如：the Greens( 格林一家人）。2. 普通名词可数名词：有单,复数之分,表示一个或多个。 例如： a book 一本书 two books 两本书不可数名词：不分单,复数。 中学常见的不可数名词：food, meat, fish, chicken, pork, beef, mutton, drink, orange, milk, tea, water, rice, bread, homework, news, paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, cloud, air, weather, music, information, fun, work, advice, sand,sugar, furniture 有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 英语可数不可数英语可数不可数glassexperiencepaperroomorangebeautyexercisesuccess 数词+量词+ of+名词 如： 随堂练习1. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges2. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples3. “Would you like something to drink?” “_, please.” A. Three coffees B. Coffees C. A coffee D. Three cups of coffees4. What_ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a5. -Would you like_tea? -No, thanks. I have drunk two_. A. any, bottles of orange B. any, bottle of orange C. some, bottles of oranges D. some, bottles of orange6. He is hungry. Give him _ to eat. A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads7. I would like to have_. A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks8. Can you give me _? A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea 9. Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of10. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass11. -What would you like to have for lunch, sir? -Id like_. ! A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken12. Children should make_ for old people in a bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room10. John bought_for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes二名词的数 英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式, 单数 表示一个人或事物 如: a pen, a bed, a room, an English book。 复数 表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。（一）名词复数形式规则变化如下： 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 在词尾加-sdesk map day 以 结尾的词 在词尾加-es bus box dish watch 以辅音字母加y结尾的词 city factory party baby company 以元音字母y结尾的词 day boy key 以f或fe 结尾的词 变f或fe为 knife life wife half thief shelf leaf wife wolf 1) stomach 的复数为 2) 极少数名词以-f 结尾, 变成复数则只加 -s, 如：roof proof belief 3) 名词以 -0结尾的: 1. 加 es, 如： 2. 其余加 s, 如： （二）名词复数形式不规则变化 1） 改-a为-e: man woman policeman spaceman 2) 改-oo为-ee: foot tooth goose 3) 国人的变化：4）单复数同形: Chinese Japanese sheep deer fish a. 英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。 scissors trousers clothes glasses shoes sucks gloves b. 有些名词以-s 结尾，但表达的为单数含义，如：news, maths, politics, physics, the United Statesc. 一些名词以复数形式出现时，意义产生变化：练习时间1. Maths _ not easy to learn. A. are B. is C. am D. were2. Please remember to give the horse some tree _.(2010成都) Aleafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave3. We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please? A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe4. _are_for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using5. What big_ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes6. On the table there are five_. A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato7. -How many _ have you got on your farm? -Ive got five. A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken8. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies9. In the picture there are many_ and two. A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs 三名词的所有格名词的所有格: 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。一、有生命的名词的所有格1) 在名词后加s Lu Xuns book my fathers room. 2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加 。 students exercise books the teachers office3) 不以-s 结尾的复数名词，直接加 s , 如： the Childrens Palace4) 用and 连接的两个名词：a. b. 5) 表示某人家、店铺、等生活、工作场所的所以格后的名词常省略： at Mr. Wangs at the doctors at the tailors at the barbers6) 在表示时间、距离、重量等无生命的名词后面，加 s 表示所有格：todays newspaper 15 minutes walk a pounds weight7) 节日的表达法：二、无生命的名词的所有格，用of + 名词表示: the door of our classroom the colour of our desks 三、双重所有格，of + 名词性物主代词/ 名词所有格，如： a friend of hers a friend of Mikes a friend my fathers some inventions of Edisons 练习时间：1. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk2. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers3. The market isnt far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half4. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters5. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts6. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters7. September 10th is_in China. A. Teachers Day B. TeachersDay C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day8. Excuse me, where is the_? A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms9. The football under the bed is_. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys10. Joan is_. A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D . Marys and Jacks sister11. In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years C. years D. years12. Its about _ walk from my house. A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes13. The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_. A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk14. Half_ telephone calls are made in English. A. the world B. world C. the worlds D. worlds15. _ face to the south. A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows D. The windows in room16. Miss Smith is a friend of_. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers17. This is a book of _. A. Tom B. Toms C. her D. him18. The post card is sent by _. A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my fathers C. my father friend D. my father friendsII. 完形填空。 James father drove James and his cousins to a mountain for summer camp. After they arrived at the mountain, the kids set up their tents (帐篷) 1 the help of James father. On the first day, they saw a small tiger near their tents. It 2 walk, because it had hurt its leg. As 3 lovers, the kids decided to help the small tiger and keep it with them. Two days later, the small tiger got better. It became friendly with the kids, 4 with James. On the morning of the fifth day, they heard the roaring of a(n) 5 . They got up quickly. Then they saw a big tiger nearby. Everyone stayed in their tents and 6 the big tiger. The big tiger started to attack James first. James felt so 7 . At that moment, the small tiger came out of James tent. When the big tiger saw the small tiger, it 8 attacking James. Seeing the love between the big tiger and the small tiger, the kids thought they might be father and son. The small tiger 9 something to the big tiger in their own language. Then the big tiger came and licked (舔) James face. It seemed that it was saying 10 to James for taking care of its kid. It was really an unforgettable moment for James.( )1. A. for B. under C. from D. with( )2. A. was used to B. was unable toC. was willing to D. was supposed to( )3. A. mountain B. animal C. camp D. sports ( )4. A. possibly B. especially C. normally D. specifically ( )5. A. lion B. bear C. tiger D. elephant ( )6. A. invited B. chased C. followed D. watched ( )7. A. excited B. relaxed C. scared D. tired( )8. A. kept B. considered C. stopped D. enjoyed ( )9. A. told B. taught C. solved D. passed ( )10. A. thanks B. sorry C. hello D. goodbye阅读理解易读度 I looked at the words on the page. I knew how to read them, but my mouth wouldnt work. I was sitting in my third grade classroom. My family had recently moved, so no one at my new school knew me well. My teacher had just asked me to read some text out loud. The whole class was waiting for me to begin. I just sat there. Some students started to laugh. “Whats wrong with her?” one boy said. “Maybe she cant read!” said another student. I often faced situations like this during my elementary school and middle school years. Why? I had a stutter (口吃). When I felt relaxed, I had no trouble speaking. But if I felt nervous, no sound would come out of my mouth. Because of this problem, I often felt embarrassed at school. I just didnt feel normal. Thankfully, my elementary school and middle school both offered free speech treatment (治疗). It helped me a lot. I learned useful ways that helped me to relax when I was speaking. My mother offered the most encouragement, especially during the difficult times. In my bedroom, she posted pictures of famous people who stuttered like British politician (政治家) Winston Churchill and American reporter John Stossel. Above their pictures she wrote hopeful words like “You can do it, too!” Her love and encouragement helped me to stay positive.( )46. The writer didnt read in class because _. A. she didnt know how to read B. she didnt like her teacher C. she had trouble speaking D. she was seriously sick( )47. The writer often felt _ at school because of her problem. A. angry B. embarrassed C. lonely D. upset( )48. What do Winston Churchill and John Stossel have in common? A. They are both British. B. They both had a stutter. C. They both worked hard at school. D. They were both well-known politicians. ( )49. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. What the speech treatment was like. B. What the writer did to solve her problem. C. How the writers mother encouraged her. D. How Winston Churchill and John Stossel got help.( )50. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. When the writer felt nervous, she would talk a lot. B. The writer received free speech treatment in a big hospital. C. The writer moved to a new school when she was in Grade Four. D. There were pictures of famous people in the writers bedroom. 四名词的用法-作定语 作定语：a girl student a shoe factory an apple treea woman teacher a man doctor a sports club sports shoes两天的假期：十分钟的路程：练习时间( ) 1 There are sixty-seven_ in our school. A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher( ) 2 There are five_in our factory. A. woman driver B , women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( ) 3 These _ were sent to the villages to help the farmers. A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor( ) 4. They write most of their_ in English. A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters( ) 5. We came to a _ at last .and went in. A. watch shop B. watches shop C. watching shop D. watchs shop( ) 6. This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. Its a_. A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop( ) 7. She broke a_while she was washing up. A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass( ) 8. Ive forgotten both of the_. A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number五名词的修饰语1.只修饰可数名词 Few a few several many many a a number of a couple of quite a few 例： I have few friends. We have been friends for a number of years. Hes had quite a few jobs2.只修饰不可数名词Little 很少，几乎没有 a little 一些 a bit of 有一点 much很多 a great deal of很多 a large amount of 大量的例：I pay little attention to what he said.She earned a great deal of moneyI learned a bit of English about one year ago3.既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词Some 一些 a lot of很多 lots of很多 plenty of 充足的 enough 足够的 Most 大多 all 所有 no 没有 a mass of 许多 例： I bought some apples. I can see youve had some experience in salesIt is a lot of moneyThere are a lot of surprises when one gardens1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories2. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience3.-whats in the cupboard? - A few_, but little_.(2010 青岛) A apples, coffee B. coffee, apples C. apple, coffees D. coffees,apples4. She was very happy. She in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake5. -Can we have some _? -Yes, please. A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear6. He gave us_ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice7. A group of_ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. Japanese D. American六常用名词辨析1.home，house，family home 指家、家庭，强调一个人成长的环境 例：He left home at the age of 16 house, 住宅，房子，一般指供人居住的房子例：Many new houses have been put up.family 家庭，一般社会结构的家庭例：He was born in a doctors house.2. man ,people, person man 指“男人”，指人类时，不加任何冠词 例：Only man can save the earth.people人们，是集体名词，前面不加不加冠词。用作可数名词时指“民族“ 例：what will people think of this?person 指个别的人，一般用于较精确的场合 例：Hard work can change a person.3. sound ,voice, noisesound,声音、声响，含义最广，指认能听到的任何声音，大的小的，好听的难听的 例：Sound travels more slowly than light We couldnt hear a sound herenoise 噪音，喧闹声 例：He enjoys the country life, away from city noise. Will you please make less noise.voice: 说话的声音、歌唱声、鸟叫声、电台声音 例： Her voice charmed the audience. Do you often listen to the Voice of America?4. question , problem Problem:问题，难题，通常指等待解决的或决定的问题，比较困难 例： I cant work out this problem How to prevent forest fire is a problemquestion 疑问，询问，通常由于某事疑惑不解而提出问题等待回答 例：This is a difficult question to answer. He asked many question and I gave him all aanswers.练习时间1. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 2. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room3. I wonder why _ are interested in action films. (2009湖南岳阳) A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples4. Tables are made of_. A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D . woods5. I wonder why _ are so