Unit twelve Insurance.doc

Unit twelve Insurance一、Marine Insurance海运险包含的风险主要有两种：perils of the sea海上风险和extraneous risks外来风险 由各种风险导致的海上损失分为以下两类：全部损失和部分损失。1、全部损失total loss：total loss means all the insured goods have been lost totally because of the occurrence of sea perils or some other causes.全部损失又称全损，指被保险货物的全部遭受损失、有实际全损和推定全损之分。(1)实际全损actual total loss: All the goods insured have been lost, and nothing is left.它是指货物全部灭失或全部变质而不再有任何商业价值。(2)推定全损constructive total loss: also technical total loss. The insured cargo is not actually lost, but is so seriously damaged as to make the goods no longer of any use for the purpose originally intended. 是指货物遭受风险后受损，尽管未达实际全损的程度，但实际全损已不可避免，或者为避免实际全损所支付的费用和继续将货物运抵日的地的费用之和超过了保险价值。推定全损需经保险人核查后认定。它有两个要件：一是效果标准，即实际全损不可避免，二是费用标准，即保险标的物质上虽未达到全部毁损或灭失，但已失去价值或虽有残存价值，其修复费用和施救费用两者之一已接近、达到或超过其实际价值，推定全损即按全损赔付。2、partial loss部分损失与单独海损相比，共同海损具有下面的特征：（）发生的原因不同。共同海损是有意采取措施造成的；而单独海损则是由偶然的意外事件造成的。（）涉及的利益方不一样。共同海损是为船货各方的共同利益所受的损失；而单独海损则只涉及到损失方个人的利益。（3）后果不同。共同海损应由受益方分摊；而单独海损则由损失方自己承担。二、types of coverage三、Specimen letters：Asking the Seller to Arrange Insurance on Buyers Behalf本单元信函写作主要涉及两类：一是进口方写给出口方，请其代办保险的信函；另一种是出口方回复进口方请其代办保险的信函。（一）Language Points:1.refer you to our Order No. 101 for 5000 pairs of Mens Shoes: 请你们参看我方5000双男鞋的第101号订单。refer sb. to sth.: turn to, go to, for information请参看，参照2.this order was placed on C.F.R. basis: 我们的订单是按成本加运费订购的3.at your end: in your place在你处4.insure the goods on our behalf against All Risks for 110% of the invoice value, i.e. US$28000 将上述货物按发票金额的110%，即2.8万美元代我方投保一切险。（二）WORDS：insure v. insure作动词时后可跟人或机构作宾语，但跟不同的介词时，所表示的意义不同： on +投保货物（insure sb. on the goods) against +投保险别（WPA与FPA除外） for（或at) +投保保额（见42页） at +保险费率 with + 保险公司 by +投保人(1) 请投保一切险。Please insure against all risk. (2) 请投保平安险。（FPA和WPA前均不加against，而其它险别前则加against ）Please insure FPA. (3)我们已给这些货物投保水渍险。 We have insured the goods WPA.(4)我们已注意到你方愿意按发票金额的110% 投保。我们正在洽办中。We noted that you wish to insure shipment to you for 110% above invoice value，which is having our due attention. (5) 我们已为这批货物向中国人民保险公司按发票金额110%投保一切险，保险费率为0.3%。 We have insured the shipment against All Risks at the rate of 0.3% for 110% of the invoice value with PICC.2. on our behalf (in our behalf): in the interest of, on account of us e.g. Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf.On behalf of my colleagues and myself, I thank you.3. invoice value 发票金额 for 110% of invoice value 按发票金额的110% for 10% above invoice value 在发票价值上加10% at invoice value plus 10% 按发票价值另加10%4. refund sb. sth. / refund sth. to sb.: pay back, reimburse退还，偿付 e.g. refund the deposit to you将保证金退还给你5、debit note: 借记通知单，收款单。将某笔款项借记到某人的账户(即从某人的账上提出)后给其发出的通知 debit v. 将记入借方 debit US$500 against/to sb. debit sb. with US$500 把一笔500美元的账记入某人的借方6、draw on us at sight: 开具即期汇票向我方收款7、meet with your approval: 得到你方同意 meet with disapproval / opposition（反对） meet with: experience受到，遇到 e.g. meet with hostility/ criticism/ kindness 比较：meet ones requirement / request 满足某人的要求8、premium n. 保险费 premium rebate 保险费回扣 premium tariff 保险费率表 extra premium 额外保险费（1）保险费是根据投保险别的保险费率计算的。 The premium is calculated according to the premium rate or rates of the coverage.（2）此种险别的保险费率是百分之一。This risk is coverable at a premium of 1%.（3）Insurance of the goods is to be covered by us for 110% of the CIF value, and any extra premium for additional insurance, if required, shall be borne by the buyers. 货物的保险将由我方以CIF价的110%投保。如果要求投保附加险，额外保险费将由买方自理。四、Specimen letters：Reply to the Above Letter 1. insurance n. 保险 insurance clause 保险条款 insurance amount 保险额 insurance claim 保险索赔 insurance coverage 保险范围 insurance policy 保险单,俗称大保单，正规保单 insurance premium 保险费 insurance certificate 保险凭证,俗称小保单 insurance agent 保险代理人 insurance broker 保险代理人；保险经纪人 insurance declaration 保险声明书；保险通知书 insurance endorsement 保险批单 air transportation insurance 航运运输保险 marine insurance 海运险；水险；海上保险 ocean marine cargo insurance 海洋运输货物保险 overland transportation insurance 陆上运输保险 parcel post insurance 邮包保险 insurance market 保险市场 insurance company/the insurer/the underwriter 保险公司 the insured / the insurant/ the assured 投保人；被保险人 insurer 承保人2、for ones account 由支付在进出口业务中，常常要明确某笔费用由谁来承担，以前我们就提过一些，现总结如下： for ones account to be borne by to be responsible be at your cost（1）额外运费由买方负担。 The extra freight is to be for buyers account.（2）这批货物是我们代我分公司购买的。We bought the goods for the account of our branch office.（3）按常规，额外保险费应由买方负责。As a rule, the extra premium involved will be for buyers account.3. Cover vt. 投保Cover与insure是同义词，其与介词的搭配形式也基本相同，唯一区别在于，除FPA和WPA外，Cover后面跟其它险别时也可加或不加against，但insure后面必须加。也可用于被动结构,常有“covered或covering+宾语”结构作后置定语。We shall cover the goods against All risks.我们对此货投保一切险。Insurance is to be covered by the buyer. 保险由买方投保。This insurance covers us against breakage.这份保单为我们投了破碎险。Please hold us covered for the cargo listed on the attached sheet.请为我们投保附页上的商品 hold us covered为我们投保 = cover usto cover additional risks 投保附加险别4、cover的其它用法及派生词（1） n. 保险，保险单 + againstDoes your policy provide adequate cover against breakage?你们的保单是否提供适当的破碎险？Insurance cover note No.:JIC/-86/05/2002DT07保险单号:JIC-86/05/2002DT07。open cover预约保险单（2）n.在说明邮寄情况的句子中,含义是“一个信封,一次邮寄”,可译为“用信件、用邮件、函”等in one cover附在信中,随函邮寄under separate cover另函邮寄或另行邮寄under registered cover挂号信邮寄,挂号函in a separate cover另函或另函包内（3）在支付的语境中，表示“付款给某人、支付费用”的含义，可译为“支付、付款给某人”例如: Enclosed is a certified check for$1000 to cover the cost of the package plus air shipment.随信附上1000美元的保付支票作为包装费和空运费。For payment: please send draft for acceptance, at maturity we will cover you in accordance with your instructions.付款：请将汇票交我方承兑，到期时，我们将按照你方的要求向你方付款。 We will open an irrevocable L/C in your favor throughBank to cover the total CIF value of this order.我们将以你方为受益人,经银行开出不可撤销的信用证以支付此次所订购货物的CIF价格(到岸价)的全部货款。 （4）包括，涉及All Risks covers all losses occurring throughout the voyage caused by accidents at sea o r land. In other words, it includes F.P.A., W.P.A. ,and general additional risks, with special additional risks exclude.一切险包括运输途中由于海上和陆上事故造成的一切损失。也就是说,除了包括水渍险和平安险的全部责任外,还包括一般附加险,但不包括特别附加险。The price quoted in the brochure cover packing and are subject to15% discount. 小册子所列的价格包括包装费在内,有15%的折扣。（5）v. 定购，购买I have duly received your Sale Confirmation No.01JCMA1234 covering 50,000 pairs working boots we have booked with you.我方已按时收到了我方向你方定购50,000双工作靴的编号为01JCMA1234销售确认书。(“-ing”结构作后置定语) This is to inform you that 500 dozen of shirts covered by your Order No.145 were shipped per s.s.“Peace” on March 5.兹告知,你方第145号定单所订购的500打衬衫已于3月5日交由“和平”号货轮装运。(“-ed”结构作后置定语)If you insist on your original quotation, we will have to cover our requirements elsewhere.如果贵方坚持按原报价,我方将不得不从其它方面定购（购进）我们需要的货物。 5、cover的派生词covering adj. （1）有关的、相关的、本、此、该、关于The covering Letter of Credit must reach the Seller 15 days before.有关的信用证必需在前15日到达卖方。The contents of the covering Letter of Credit shall being strict conformity with the stipulations of the Sales Contract.此(该)信用证的内容须严格符合本销售合同的规定。注意:Covering letter为公文用语,有其特定的含义，即letter sent with a document, or with goods, etc, typically explaining the content，即“随公文、货物等发出的,通常用以说明其内容的附信”。（2）开出的、记明的、载明、注明Commercial invoice in five copies signed by beneficiary covering the CIF value of the goods and containing a statement that the goods are not of Israeli origin nor do they contain any Israeli material.由受益人签章的商业发票一式五份,发票上开出的金额为货物的到岸价,同时作出全部货物的原产地不是以色列,而且产品不含有任何以色列所生产的原材料的申明。Full set clean on board marine/ocean Bill of Lading covering port to port shipment.注明直达运输的整套已装船清洁提单。 6、coverage n. 承保范围；险别总称；投保总额，保证金 Risks & Coverage 险别 Increasing coverage 加保 Extending coverage 加保 Renewing coverage 续保 insurance coverage 保险范围 degree of coverage 保险范围 extent of coverage 保险范围He has fire and theft coverage on his store. 他给自己的商店投保了火险和盗窃险。Regarding insurance, the coverage is for 110%of the invoice value up to the port of destination.关于保险，按发票金额的110%投保，至目的港为止。 We can serve you with a broad range of coverage against all kinks of risks f