新目标八年级英语(下)Unit6教案.doc

Unit 6in fact 其实；实际上 run out of 用完；用尽by the way 顺便；附带说说 be interested in 对感兴趣more than 比多 make a list of 列清单thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事 think of / about sth. 想起某事目标句型：1. How long have you been doing? 2. Ive been doingsince3. How long did sb. do? 4. He / She did sth. for5. What do you collect? 6. When did you start?7. How many do you have? 8. What do you like to collect in the future? 9. What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?语法1. 现在完成进行时肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+doing?现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work等。(1)I have been learning English for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了。(2)She has been skating for four hours. 到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。(3)I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮。在这几个句子中，have和has是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not，have not和has not可以分别缩写成havent和hasnt，如： (1)Have you been doing your homework since this morning? 从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧？(2)Has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别： 现在完成时构成：havehas+过去分词(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。 I have read a book about birds. （已经读完） I have been reading a book about birds.（一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）(2)两种时态都有延续性，但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）三.【重点词汇】1. since的用法： (引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般时态或完成时)自从以来；以后It was years since l had seen her自从我见到她(到那时)又过去好几年了。(引导原因状语从句，通常置于句首)既然；因为Since he says so，it must be true既然他这么说，那一定是真的。(2)自以来 I have lived here since childhood自小我就住在这儿。 He hasnt been home sincel9931993年以来他还没有回过家。(3)adv(与完成时态连用)从那以后；后来He left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since(4)构成短语：ever since 从那以后(一直) long since 很久以前；早已2. since，from和for(1)from是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以from短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来时，如：The movie is on from 8:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.They chatted at the meeting from beginning to end他们在会议上自始至终都在聊天。(2)since则为介词或从属连接词，其后接名词、动名词或从句，表示从某一特定时间起直至现在或过去某一特定时间为止，依然继续着的事情的开始点，在以此为时间状语的句子中，谓语动词常用完成时。 Many things have happened since they came here The teacher said that John had made great progress since last semester(3)for 是介词，后接名词，可以用来计算持续的时间，表示事情从开始到结束所持续的时间，谓语动词常用过去时或完成时，for与一般现在时连用，表示时间一直持续到将来。 The meeting lasted for hours. How long are you here for? 你在这里要待到什么时候?4. stop的用法与常用词组(1)stop作名词，意为“车站，站点”。 I get off at the next bus stop(2) stop doing sth. “停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事。 The students stop talking(3)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事，指停止原来的事去做另外一件事。 We should stop to have a rest(4)stop sb.(from)doing sth. 阻止某人做某事Nothing shall stop us from studying什么都不能阻止我们学习。5. have to do sth. “不得不做某事”，指客观条件的“不得不” I have to finish the work by myself 6. run out of “从地方跑出来；用光” Class is overThe students run out of the classroom 四.【课文解析】3. Id like to collect stamps because they are interesting(1)would like to do表示“想要做某事”。 Would you like to come to join my birthday party?4Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster 非常感谢您送我怪兽雪花球形玻璃器。(1)thanks for相当于thank you for “为感谢你”，后跟名词短语或动名词。 Thanks for your last letter. (2)send sb. Sth.相当于send sth. to sb. 表示“送给某人某物” He sent me a present for my birthday. He sent a present to me for my birthday 5. By the way，whats your hobby? 顺便提一下，你的个人爱好是什么? By the way，have you seen her lately? 顺便问一下，你近来见过她吗?(2) hobby 名词，表示“爱好”，是可数名词。 Your hobby is reading 你的爱好是看书。 One of my hobbies is astronomy 我的爱好之一是天文学。6It made me think about differences in food cultures between China and western countries它使我想起了中国和西方国家在饮食文化方面的差异。(1)make使役动词“使；让”，后面接不定式作宾语补足语时，不带to，类似的还有let和have。 He made the students laugh他把同学们逗笑了。 The children must be made to clean their own room 必须叫孩子们打扫自己的房间。(2)think about 考虑；回想，想起；认为 think about a plan 考虑一项计划 I always think about her when it snows每当下雪的时候，我总是想起她。 What do you think about the film last night? 你认为昨晚的电影怎么样?五.【词语辨析】1. every和each1)each一定数目中的“每一个”；“个别”意义较重，表示各有不同，更强调个人或个别。Each one has his weakness 每人都有每人的弱点。2)every数目不确定的许多人或物中的“每一个”；“总合”意义较重，表示“大家一致”.Every one of us is here3)each可作主语、同位语、定语和状语，而every只能作定语。2. interest，interesting与interested(1)interest作名词，意为“兴趣，趣味”，用作动词时指“使(人)产生兴趣”。He shows an interest in musicWhat you said interests me 你的话引起了我的兴趣。(2)interesting有趣的，引起兴趣的，指物或人本身能引起兴趣。The film is very interestingHe is an interesting man(3)interested 感兴趣的，其主语一般是人beget interested in ， 对感兴趣 。When he was only a child，he got interested in science.3. how long，how often 与 how soon(1)how long 的意思是“有多长”，用来提问有多长时间，答语通常是more than two weeks 等表示一段时间的话。 -How long are you going to stay here? 你打算在这里待多久? -Five days(2)how often “多长时间一次”，用来提问在某一特定的时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语通常是never，sometimes，quite often，usually，three times a year等表示频率的副词或短语。 -How often do you go to the library? -Once a day(3)how soon用来询问“需要多长时间能，过多久”，谓语动词多用终止性动词，即某一动作要花多长时间才能完成或发生，常与将来时连用，答语常用in a weekmonth等。 -How soon can you finish the work? -May be in three days5. fairly与ratherfairly一般指(褒义的)理想的情形，rather一般指(贬义的)不太理想的情形。The weather is fairly fine today今天的天气相当好。The weather was rather bad yesterday昨天的天气相当不好。 Unit 7not at all 一点也不 turn down 调节(收音机等)使音量变小right away 立刻；马上wait in line 排队等候cut in line插队 keep down 控制at first 首先 break the rule 不服从；不遵守put out 熄灭 put on 穿上pick up 捡起 even if 即使目标句型：1. Would you mind doing? 2. Do you mind doing?3. Could / Can / Will / May you please do? 4. Would you mind not doing?5. Not at all. Ill do it right away. 6. Sorry，Ill do it right away.7. Please do / dont 8. Youd better do重点句型1. Would you mind turning down the music?2. whether和if引导从句的用法。3. get的用法【重难点分析】1. Would you mind?和Do you mind? 用于询问或请求别人做某事，或请求他人的许可。(1) Would you mind doing? Would you mind my doing? = Do you mind if I do?例Would you mind turning down the radio? Would you mind my smoking here？ Do you mind if I smoke here? 你介意我在这里吸烟吗？ Would you mind my opening the window? Do you mind my opening the window? (2)否定形式是在mind后加not，即Would you mind not?或Do you mind not? Would you mind not playing basketball here? (3)回答DoWould you mind? 提出的问题时，表示允许要说No或Not at all等； 如果介意要做肯定回答Yes. 或Yes，Im sorry，but I do.等， -Do you mind if I ask you a question? 我可以问你的一个问题吗? -No，please do.可以，请问吧。2. 通常既可用whether 也可用if 表示“是否”来引导从句，常置于see，ask，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out等动词之后。 Im not sure whether /if Ill have time. 我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。 He asked me whether/if I could help him.只能使用whether的场合：(1)只有whether能用在介词后面 Success depends on whether we make enough effort.(2)在英语中与or (not) 连用的词通常是whether Whether we help him or not，he will fail.(3)带to的动词不定式前用whether，而不用if Please tell us whether to go or stay here.请告诉我们是走还是留。(4)whether可置于句首引导主语从句，而if不能 Whether the meeting will be in Beijing is not known yet.3. get on / get off ( a / the bus，train，boat，plane) 上/下 She got on / off the bus quickly. get on还可以表示为：相处融洽、继续。 如： Get on with your work! 继续工作吧！ I get on well with all my classmates. 我和所有的同学相处都很融洽。 get的其