金属材料方面的词汇.docx

1.1、金属材料的物理性能热容 heat capacity 比热容 specific heat capacity 热膨胀 thermal expansion 热传导 heat conduction热导率 thermal conductivity 热扩散系数 thermal diffusivity热稳定thermal stability (=热冲击强度thermal impact resistance=抗热震性 thermal shock resistance) 密度 density （密度的测量方法有浸渍法、比重瓶法、浮沉法、和密度梯度法。）热辐射功率 thermal emissivity 堆积密度 packing density 松散密度 bulk density 振实密度 tap density电阻 electrical resistance 电导率 electric conductivity介电常数 dielectric constant 超导性 superconductivity磁极化magnetic polarization 磁化强度magnetization intensity 磁化率 magnetic susceptibility 剩余极化强度 remanent polarization 抗磁性 diamagnetism 顺磁性 paramagnetism 铁磁性 ferromagnetism 磁畴 magnetic domain 磁通 flux 居里温度 Curie temperature（铁磁性和亚铁磁性物质的磁化强度随温度升高而降低，当达到某一临界温度时，铁磁性转变为顺磁性，该临界温度称为居里温度。） 磁晶各向异性 magnetocrystalline anisotropy折射率 refractive index 反射率 reflectivity 透射率 transmissivity 光吸收系数 absorption coefficient平均色散 mean dispersion 弹性 elasticity 粘弹性viscoelasticity 滞弹性 anelasticity（在弹性范围内加载，应变需经过一定时间后才能达到胡克定律所对应的平衡值，也就是说，应变的位相总是落后应力的位相的特性。其表现形式有：滞弹性蠕变、弹性后效、应力弛豫和滞弹性内耗。） 衰减系数 attenuation coefficient 声速 acoustic velocity声能密度 acoustic energy density 声强度 acoustic intensity声阻抗 acoustic impedance1.2、金属材料的力学性能弹性极限 elastic limit（材料在应力完全释放时能够保持永久不变形的最大应力。） 弹性模量 modulus of elasticity（低于比例极限的应力与相应应变的比值。）泊松比 Poissons ratio（低于材料比例极限的轴向应力所产生的横向应变与相应轴向应变的负比值。）应变 strain 线应变 linear strain工程应变 engineering strain（原始长度的轴向变化量与原始长度的比值。）真应变 true strain（在颈缩开始之前，瞬时长度与原始长度之比的自然对数。）工程应力 engineering stress（外力与原始横截面面积的比值。）蠕变曲线 creep curve（蠕变实验中的应变-时间关系曲线。）蠕变断裂时间 creep rupture time蠕变强度 creep strength伸长率 percentage elongation 断面收缩率percentage reduction of area 应力-应变曲线 stress-strain curve 抗拉强度 tensile strength 拉伸试验 tensile test屈服强度 yield strength 上屈服强度 upper yield strength下屈服强度 lower yield strength 压缩应力 compression stress 压缩屈服强度 compressive yield strength抗压强度 compressive strength 压缩弹性模量compressive modulus of Elasticity 持久强度极限 stress-rupture limit持久断面收缩率percentage reduction of area of stress-rupture持久断后伸长率percentage elongation of stress-rupture持久端口敏感系数stress-rupture notch sensitivity factor应力松弛stress relaxation 松弛应力 relaxed stress应力松弛速率stress relaxation ratio 切变模量shear modulus抗扭强度 torsional strength 凸耳实验 earing test（从金属薄板或薄带上截取的圆片试样冲击成圆柱形杯体，测量杯口处各个凸耳高度的实验）埃里克森杯突实验 Erichsen cupping test（用一个端部为球形的冲头对着一个被加紧在垫模和压模内的试样进行冲压形成杯凸，直至出现一条穿透裂纹的实验）塑性应变比 plastic strain ratio（试样单轴应力拉伸时，宽度方向真实应变和厚度方向真实应变之比）应变硬化指数 strain hardening exponent线材扭转实验 torsion test of wire线材单向扭转实验 simple torsion test of wire线材反向扭转实验 reverse torsion test of wire压痕硬度 indentation hardness布氏硬度 Brinell hardness（压头：硬质合金球或淬火钢球）努氏硬度 Knoop hardness（压头：金刚石菱形锥体） 马氏硬度 Marten hardness（压头：金刚石正四棱或正三棱锥体）洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness（压头：硬质合金或钢球或对应某一标尺的金刚石圆锥体） 维氏硬度 Vickers hardness（压头：金刚石正四棱锥体）里氏硬度Leeb hardness（用规定质量的冲击体在弹性力作用下以一定速度冲击试样表面，用冲头在距试样表面1mm处的回弹速度与冲击速度的比值计算硬度值）夏比冲击试验 Sharpy impact test 标准块 reference block脆性断裂百分率 percent brittle fracture 塑性断裂百分率 percent ductile fracture剪切断裂百分率 percent shear fracture 屈服力general yield force 屈服位移general yield displacement 断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子 stress intensity factor循环应变硬化指数 cyclic strain hardening exponent 疲劳寿命 fatigue life 疲劳极限 fatigue limit疲劳强度 fatigue strength1.3、金属材料的组织相 phase（金属组织中化学成分、晶体结构和物理性能相同的组分，其中包括固溶体、金属化合物及纯物质）组织structure 宏观组织macrostructure 微观组织microstructure 晶粒 grain 晶界grain boundary 相界interphase boundary 亚晶粒 subgrain 晶粒度grain size 树枝组织 dendritic structure 共晶组织 eutectic Structure 共析组织 eutectoid structure 针状组织 acicular structure 层状组织 lamellar structure 铁 iron 铁素体 ferrite 奥氏体 austenite 渗碳体cementite碳化物 carbide 珠光体 pearlite 索氏体 sorbite 珠光体领域 pearlite colony 托氏体 troostite 马氏体 martensite 莱氏体 ledeburite 石墨 graphite 脱溶物 precipitate 弥散相 dispersed phase 贝氏体 bainite 残余奥氏体 retained austenite 组织组分 structural constituent 带状组织 banded structure 粒状珠光体 Globular pearlite 亚组织 substructure 位错 dislocation层错 stacking fault 位错塞积 dislocation pile up 空位Vacancy 织构texture（金属中诸晶粒晶体学位相接近一致的组织）母相 parent phase 二次马氏体 secondary martensite1.4、金属材料宏观断口分析纤维状断口 fibrous fracture 瓷状断口 porcelain like fracture 撕痕状断口 tearing-type fracture 台状断口 terrace-type fracture 层状断口 lamellar fracture 内裂断口inner burst fracture 石状断口 stone like fracture 萘状断口 naphthalene-type fracture 黑脆断口 black brittleness fracture 白点断口flake fracture 结晶状断口 crystalline fracture 气泡断口 blowhole fracture非金属夹杂物断口 nonmetallic inclusion fracture异金属夹杂物断口 external metallic inclusion fracture缩孔残余断口 remanant pipe fracture 沿晶断口 intergranular fracture1.5、 金属材料分析方法取样 sampling 抛光 polishing 金相腐蚀 corrosion metallography 物相分析 phase analysis 扫描探针显微术 scanning probe microscopy扫描隧道显微术 scanning tunneling microscopy场发射电子显微术 field（emission）electron microscopy分析电子显微术 analytical electron microscopy扫描电子显微术 scanning electron microscopy光电子能谱 photoelectron spectroscopy X射线断层分析 X-ray tomography X射线吸收 absorption of X-rayX射线慢散射 diffusion of X-ray X射线散射 X-ray scatteringX射线衰减X-ray degeneration X射线透视X-ray radiographyX射线小角散射 small angle Scattering of X-ray X射线衍射 X-ray diffractionX射线衍射仪 X-ray diffractometer X射线吸收谱 X-ray Absorption spectroscopy X射线光电子能谱 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy特征X射线 characteristic X-ray 连续X射线 continuous X-rayX射线荧光谱 X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy能量色散X射线谱 X-ray energy dispersive spectrum波长色散X射线谱 X-ray wavelength dispersive spectrum分子光谱 molecular spectroscopy 振动光谱 vibrational spectroscopy核磁共振波谱 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy红外光谱 infrared spectroscopy 红外吸收光谱 infrared absorption spectroscopy 拉曼光谱 Raman spectroscopy 荧光光谱 fluorescence spectroscopy中子衍射 neutron diffraction 电子衍射 electron diffraction俄歇电子能谱仪 Auger electron spectroscopy离子探针 ion probe 电子微探针分析 electron microprobe analysis 补偿目镜 compensating eyepiece 布拉格定律 the Bragg Law 彩色金相 color metallography 差热分析 Differential thermal analysis 同步辐射 synchrotron radiation塔形发纹实验 stepdown test 磁粉检测 magnetic particle Testing 德拜-谢乐法 Debye-Scherrer method 电解抛光 electropolish低能电子衍射 low-energy electron diffraction电子能量损失谱electron energy loss spectroscopy 电子衍射衬像 electron contract image定量金相技术 quantitative metallography technique定影 fixing 定影液 fixer 反极图 inverse pole figure粉末衍射卡 powder diffraction file干涉显微镜 interference microscope 感光度 light sensitivity感色性 color sensitivity 钢中非金属夹杂物的金相鉴定steel-metallographic determination of content of nonmetallic inclusion 高倍检验 high-powered inspection高分辨电子显微术 high-resolution electron microscopy高温金相 high-temperature metallography高压电子显微术 high-voltage electron microscopy光学金相显微术 optical metallographic microscopy黑十字现象 black-cross phenomenon恒电位显示 constant voltage 宏观检测macroscopic examination 化学抛光 chemical polish金相分析 metallographic analysis 金相摄影 metallographic photograph金相试样侵蚀 metallographic sample etching目镜 eyepiece 物镜 objective 聚焦照相法 focusing method劳厄法 Laue method 灵敏色片 sensitive slice of color硫印实验 sulfur print test 膨胀仪法 dilatometry热分析 thermal analysis 热侵蚀 thermal etching酸浸实验 acid etching test 透镜的像差 lens aberration物镜的分辨率 objective resolving power1.6、金属材料缺陷圆度roundness 尺寸超差size over tolerance 弯曲度 bending 镰刀弯 camber 瓢曲度 buckling 扭转 twisting 划、擦、碰伤 fish tail 拉痕 pulling mark 裂纹 cracking 重皮 rolling skin 折叠 jointing 锈蚀 rust-esten发纹 hair line 分层 lamination 气泡 bubble 麻点 pork marking 黑斑 black spotting 辊印 roll mark疏松rarefaction 偏析 segregation 缩孔残余shrinking hole remnant 非金属夹杂物 nonmetallic inclusion 金属夹杂物metallic inclusion 过烧 overburning 脱碳 decarbonization 白点 fisheye1.7、金属材料腐蚀防护腐蚀 corrosion 腐蚀介质 corrosion agent 腐蚀环境corrosion environment 腐蚀体系 corrosion system腐蚀效应 corrosion effect 腐蚀损伤 corrosion damage 腐蚀失效 corrosion failure 腐蚀产物 corrosion product 氧化皮 scale 铁锈 rust 铜绿 patina 腐蚀深度 corrosion depth 腐蚀速率 corrosion rate 等腐蚀线 isocorrosion line 耐蚀性corrosion-resistance 腐蚀性corrosivity 腐蚀倾向 corrosion likelihood 服役能力 serviceability 持久能力 durability 服役寿命 service life 临界湿度 critical humidity溶解氧 dissolved oxygen 点蚀系数 pitting factor应力腐蚀界限能力 stress corrosion threshold ability应力腐蚀界限强度因子stress corrosion threshold intensity factor 腐蚀疲劳极限 corrosion fatigue limit敏化处理 sensitizing treatment 贫铬 chromium depletion 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion化学腐蚀 chemical corrosion 大气腐蚀 atmosphere corrosion 气体腐蚀 gaseous corrosion 海洋腐蚀 marine corrosion 土壤腐蚀 underground corrosion 微生物腐蚀microbial corrosion 细菌腐蚀 bacterial corrosion 全面腐蚀general corrosion 局部腐蚀 localized corrosion 均匀腐蚀uniform corrosion电偶腐蚀 galvanic corrosion 热偶腐蚀 thermogalvanic corrosion 双金属腐蚀 bimetallic corrosion 外加电流腐蚀 impressed current corrosion杂散电流腐蚀 stray-current corrosion 点蚀 pitting corrosion缝隙腐蚀 crevice corrosion 沉淀物腐蚀deposit corrosion水线腐蚀 waterline corrosion 丝状腐蚀 filiform corrosion选择性腐蚀 selective corrosion 层间腐蚀 layer corrosion黄铜脱锌dezincification of brass 焊接腐蚀 weld corrosion石墨化腐蚀graphitic corrosion 磨损腐蚀 erosion corrosion摩振腐蚀 fretting corrosion 摩擦腐蚀 wear corrosion腐蚀疲劳 corrosion fatigue 应力腐蚀 stress corrosion应力腐蚀破裂 stress corrosion cracking氢蚀 hydrogen corrosion 热蚀hot corrosion 失光tarnishing内氧化 internal oxidation 辐照腐蚀 radiation corrosion腐蚀保护 corrosion protection 保护度 degree of protection临时性保护 temporary protection 保护层 protection layer保护覆盖层 protective coating 缓蚀剂 corrosion inhibitor挥发性缓蚀剂 volatile corrosion inhibitor 脱气deaeration保护性气氛 protective atmosphere 自然环境腐蚀实验 field corrosion test服役腐蚀实验 service corrosion test 模拟腐蚀实验 simulative corrosion test加速腐蚀实验 accelerated corrosion test1.8、热处理工艺材料热处理工艺材料 technological materials for heat treatment加热介质 heating medium淬火冷却介质 quenching medium化学热处理渗剂 thermochemical treatment agent 热处理保护涂料 protective paints for heat treatment表面改性材料 surface modification material 保护性气体 protective atmosphere活性气氛 active atmosphere 中性气氛 neutral atmosphere惰性气氛 inert atmosphere 还原气氛 reducing atmosphere氧化气氛oxidizing atmosphere渗氮气氛nitriding atmosphere 渗碳气氛carburizing atmosphere 氨分解气氛 dissociated ammonia 载气 carrier gas 氨燃烧气氛burned ammonia 富化气 enrich gas低/中/高温盐 salt for low/medium/high-temperature bath盐浴校正剂 rectifier 氧化剂oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent 中性盐neutral salt 覆盖剂coverture再生盐 regeneration salt 渗碳剂carburizing agent固体渗碳剂solid carburizer 膏体渗碳剂carburizing paste盐浴渗碳剂salt bath carburizer 气体渗碳剂gas carburizer滴注渗碳剂drip feed carburizer 催渗剂 energizer渗氮剂 nitriding agent 盐浴渗氮剂salt bath nitriding agent 气体渗氮剂 gas nitriding agent 碳氮共渗剂 carbonitriding agent 渗硫盐 sulphurizing salt渗硼剂 boriding agent，boronizing agent 膏体渗硼剂 boronizing paste 熔盐渗硼剂 molten bath boronizing agent渗硅剂 siliconizing agent 渗铝剂 aluminizing 热浸铝浴aluminum dipping bath固体渗铬剂 pack chromizing agent固体渗锌剂 sherardizing agent 热浸锌浴 zinc dipping bath多元共渗剂 multicomponent diffusion agent 填充剂 packing material 无机盐水溶液淬火介质 inorganic salt solution quenching medium碱水溶液淬火介质 alkali solution quenching medium聚合物淬火剂 polymer quenchant 普通淬火油 conventional quenching oil快速/真空/光亮淬火油 fast /vacuum/bright quenching oil 回火油 tempering oil 贝氏体等温回火介质 Austempering medium马氏体分级淬火介质 Marquenching medium淬火碱浴 alkali bath 气体淬火介质 gas quenching medium流态床淬火介质 fluidized bed quenching medium致冷剂 subzero treatment agent防氧化涂料 antioxidizer paint 防渗涂料antidiffusion paint 防涂料 anti paint1.9、金属材料表面处理爆炸喷涂 detonation spraying 磁控溅射magnetron sputtering 发黑 blacking等离子体喷涂 plasma spraying 电弧喷涂 arc spraying感应加热表面淬火 induction heat surface hardening 化学镀 electroless plating 化学/物理气相沉积chemical/physical vapor deposition直流溅射 direct current sputtering 辉光离子渗氮glow discharge nitriding活性反应离子/蒸镀 activated reaction ion/evaporation deposition 火焰表面淬火 flame surface hardening 激光合金化 laser alloying 离子注入ion implantation 磷化 phosphorizing 硫氮共渗 sulfinuzing 激光相变硬化 laser phase transformation harding 热喷涂 thermal spraying 渗氮 nitriding 射频溅射 radio frequency sputtering 渗铬chromizing渗硫sulphurizing 渗铝aluminizing 渗 硼boronizing 渗碳carburizing 碳氮共渗carbonnitriding2.1、铁原料纯铁 pure iron for raw material 电磁纯铁 soft magnetic iron粉末冶金用水雾化纯铁粉 water atomized pure iron powder for powder metallurgy电焊条用还原铁粉 reduced iron powder for welding electrodes粉末冶金用还原铁粉 reduced iron powder for powder metallurgy工业纯铁 ingot iron 羰基镍铁粉 ferronickel carbonyl powder 电解铁 electrolytic iron 熟铁 wrought iron 生铁 pig iron 炼钢生铁 steel-making pig iron 铸造用生铁 foundry pig iron球墨铸铁用生铁 pig iron used for spheroidal graphite cast iron2.2、氧化铁工业氧化铁 industrial iron oxide2.3、铁合金铁合金 ferroalloy 含氮铁合金 ferroalloy with nitrogen 废铁 iron scrap钒铁ferrovanadium铬铁ferrochromium 氮化铬铁nitrogen-bearing ferrochromium硅铁 ferrosilicon 磷铁 ferrophosphorus 锰铁 ferromanganese 钼铁 ferromolybdenum 镍铁 ferronickel 硼铁 ferroboron 钛铁ferrotitanium钨铁 ferrotungsten 2.5、铁渣转炉渣 converter slag 喷溅渣 ejecting slag 平炉渣 open-hearth furnace slag电炉渣 electrical furnace slag 氧化渣 oxidizing slag 还原渣 reducing slag铸锭保护渣 ingot casting flux slag 熔渣 molten slag 高炉渣blast furnace slag水淬高炉渣 water-granulated blast furnace slag风淬高炉渣 air-granulated blast furnace slag3.1、铸铁（cast iron）白口铸铁 white cast iron 抗磨白口铸铁 abrasion-resistant white cast iron麻口铸铁 mottled cast iron 耐磨铸铁 wear-resistant cast iron蠕墨铸铁 compacted graphite iron 球墨铸铁 spheroidizing graphite iron球墨铸铁管 ductile cast iron pipe 耐蚀铸铁 corrosion-resistant cast iron中锰球墨铸铁 medium manganese nodular cast iron球墨铸铁用球化剂 spheroidizer for spheroidal graphite iron可锻铸铁 malleable cast iron 可锻铸铁件 malleable iron casting无磁铸铁 nonmagnetic cast iron 铸件丸 cast iron shot 铸铁砂cast iron grit马氏体球墨铸铁磨球 martensite nodular cast iron grinding ball 贝氏体球墨铸铁磨球 bainite nodular cast iron grinding ball3.2、铸钢铸钢 cast steel 碳素铸钢 carbon cast steel非合金铸钢 nonalloy cast steel连铸方/矩形胚 continuous casting square/rectangular blank铸钢砂/丸 cast steel grit/shot4.1、一般术语普通质量钢 base steel 优质钢 quality steel 特殊质量钢 special quality steel超高强度钢 ultra high-strength steel 碳素结构钢 carbon structural steel软钢 mild steel 易切削钢 free-cutting steel 镇静钢 killed steel沸腾钢 rimmed steel 调质钢 quenched and tempered steel非调质钢engineering steel for precipitation hot-working temperature奥氏体型钢 austenitic steel （低温）铁素体型钢 (cryogenic) ferritic steel 马氏体型钢 martensitic steel 双相钢 dual phase steel 共析钢eutectoid steel珠光体型钢pearlitic steel贝氏体型钢bainitic steel莱氏体型钢ledeburite steel时效硬化合金钢 age hardening alloy steel 渗碳钢 caburizing steel亚共析钢 hypoeutectoid steel 过共析钢 hyper-eutectoid steel弹簧钢 spring steel 阀门 valve 齿轮 pinion 钢轨rail 叶片 vane轴 axle 钢丝 steel wire 工具钢 tool steel 模具钢 die steel刃具钢 cutting tool steel 量具钢 gauge steel 不锈钢 stainless steel 耐热钢 heat-resistant steel 轴承钢 bearing steel7.1、铝（aluminium）高纯铝 high-purity aluminium 工业纯铝 commercial pure aluminium电解铝 electrolytic aluminium 精铝 refined aluminium 原生铝primary aluminium重熔铝 aluminium remelting 铝箔 aluminium foil 铝粉 aluminium powder7.2、氧化铝和氢氧化铝工业氧化铝 industrial alumina 氧化铝晶须 alumina whisker氧化铝颗粒增强铝 alumina particle reinforced aluminium氢氧化铝 aluminum hydroxide7.3、铝合金铝锂合金 aluminum-lithium alloy 稀土铝合金 RE containing aluminum alloy铸造铝合金 cast aluminium alloy 变形铝合金 wrought aluminium alloy粉末铝合金 powder metallurgy aluminum alloy 快凝铝基合金 rapidly solidified aluminum-base alloy超轻铝合金 ultralight aluminum alloy 超塑性铝合金superplastic aluminum alloy软铝合金 soft aluminum alloy 硬铝合金 hard aluminum alloy锻造铝合金 forging aluminum alloy 多孔（泡沫）铝合金 porous aluminum alloy可热处理强化铝合金 heat-treated strengthening aluminum alloy低温铝合金 cryogenic aluminium alloy 防爆镁合金 antiexplosion aluminium alloy耐磨铝硅合金wear-resistant Al-Si alloy 铝化物涂层 aluminide coating铝基钎料aluminum-base brazing filler metal 细晶铝锭 grain-refining aluminium ingot 铝矾土 bauxite 铝灰 aluminium ash8.1、镁（magnesium）结晶镁 crude magnesium 镁粒 magnesium granule 镁粉 magnesium powder雾化镁粉 atomized magnesium powder 钝化镁粉 passivated magnesium powder原生镁锭 magnesium ingot 镁砂 magnesium clinker 8.2、氧化镁和氢氧化镁氢氧化镁magnesium hydroxide 轻烧氧化镁 light burned magnesia纳米氢氧化镁nanopowder of magnesium hydroxide 氧化镁 magnesium oxide8.3、镁合金 magnesium alloy 超轻镁合金 superlight magnesium alloy 铸造镁合金cast magnesium alloy变形镁合金 wrought magnesium alloy 快凝镁合金rapidly solidified magnesium非晶镁合金 noncrystalline state magnesium alloy 消声镁合金 high damping magnesium alloy 耐热镁合金 heat-resistant magnesium alloy稀土镁合金 RE containing magnesium alloy 镁铝合金粉 Mg-Al alloy powder高强韧耐蚀镁合金high strength and high toughness corrosion-resisting magnesium alloy 镁及镁合金板wrought magnesium and magnesium alloy sheet镁及镁合金挤压棒材 magnesium and magnesium alloy extruded rod镁合金牺牲阳极 magnesium alloy sacrificial anode镁及镁合金废料 magnesium and magnesium alloy scrap9、其他金属及其合金铜（copper）黄铜 brass（锌为主要添加元素） 白铜 cupronickel（镍为主要添加元素）青铜 bronze（铜锡合金等，除了锌镍外，加入其他元素的合金均称青铜）锌 zinc 氧化锌薄膜 zinc oxide film 钛 titanium 镍 nickel 镓 gallium 锂 lithium 钒 vanadium 铪 hafnium 锆 zirconium海绵锆 zirconium sponge 铼 rhenium 钼 molybdenum 铌 niobium锆合金板、带、箔材 zirconium alloy sheet、strip、and foil 铍 beryllium 氧化铍 beryllia 钨 wolfram 铟 indium 锗 germanium 贵金属 precious metal 准晶态 quasicrystalline 银 silver 铂 platinum钴 cobalt 钯 palladium 稀土 rare-earth metal 混合稀土金属 misch metal 稀土球化剂 RE nodulizer10、金属基增强复合材料复合材料 composite material 金属基复合材料 metal matrix composite碳纤维增强铝基复合材料 carbon fiber reinforced Al matrix composite原位生长铝基复合材料 in-situ Al matrix composite（在铝合金熔体中加入反应元素，在一定工艺条件下反应生成金属化合物增强体而形成的铝基复合材料）碳化硅颗粒增强铝基复合材料silicon carbide particle reinforced Al matrix composite（颗粒加入可以明显提高铝合金的弹性模量、屈服强度、耐磨性和高温性能，减小热膨胀系数）不锈钢丝增强铝基复合材料stainless steel filament reinforced Al matrix composite晶须增强金属基复合材料 whisker reinforced metal matrix composite 11、粉末冶金11.1、粉末粉末 powder 颗粒 particle 团粒 agglomerate 粉浆 slurry 粉块 cake坯料 feedstock 雾化粉atomoized powder 粉碎粉 comminuted powder电解粉 electrolytic powder 沉淀粉 precipitated powder 还原粉 reduced powder海绵粉sponge powder 合金粉 alloyed powder预合金粉 prealloyed powder部分/扩散/机械合金粉partially/diffusion/mechanically alloyed powder粘结剂binder掺