中考英语语法知识点.docx

美联英语提供：中考英语语法知识点词类、句子成分和构词法：/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0掌握好英语的每个语法知识点是很重要的。下面是学习啦小编收集整理的中考英语语法知识点以供大家学习。中考英语语法知识点之被动语态1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here.4) was/were done 一般过去时例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5) had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6) was/were being done 过去进行时例A meeting was being held when I was there.7) shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8) should/would be done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)例The project will have been completed before July.2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词+be+过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.中考英语语法知识点之如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好地安排句子。例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock. (指门本身有毛病)The door wont be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。中考英语语法知识点之主动语态与被动语态的区别在主动语态中，主语后面接人(be +动词原型)被动语态(be+动词过去分词)在主动语态中，主语是谓语动词的使动方。在被动语态中，主语是谓语动词的受动方。在语法结构上，主动语态和被动语态的区别主要在于，主动语态直接使用动词原形作为谓语，然后再在该动词原形的基础上施加时态和其他语法;而被动语态则使用系词+动词的过去分词作为谓语，各种时态和其他语法也施加在系词上。举例：1.主动语态：The snowslide killed him. 雪崩害死了他。被动语态：He was killed by the snowslide. 他死于雪崩。2.主动语态：We use electricity to run machines. 我们用电力来开动机器。被动语态：Electricity is used to run machines. 电力被我们用来开动机器。3.主动语态：Bell invented the telephone in 1876.贝尔于1876年发明了电话。被动语态：The telephone was invented by Bell in1876.电话是贝尔于1876年发明的。中考英语语法知识点之主动形式表示被动意义大家都知道，用被动语态(形式)来表达被动意义，但有些句子用的却是主动形式，表达的却是被动意义。下面我们就来总结一下常见的用主动形式表示被动意义的几种形式。1.连系动词(如：feel,taste,sound,smell,look等)用主动形式表示被动意义。如：This material feels very soft. 这块材料摸上去很柔软。This apple tastes good. 这个苹果尝起来很好吃。2. 有些表示主语内在性质或性能的不及物动词常与一些副词连用，用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义，其主语一般为事物。这些动词有：sell,read, write,wash,wear,last等。如：The pen writes smoothly 这支笔写起来很流畅。This kind of food sells well. 这种食物很畅销。3. 动词need, want, require表示需要时，后接动名词或不定式的被动式表示被动意义。如：Your room needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫一下。My house requires repairing/to be cleaned. 我的房子需要修理一下。4. 在be worth doing短语中，动作与主语之间存在动宾关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：This book is well worth reading 这本书很值得一读。5. 在主语 +be + adj +to do这个句型中，不定式动作与主语之间存在动宾关系，则用主动形式表示被动意义。如：This qu