爱丽丝门罗的《逃离》.doc

绵阳师范学院本科生毕业论文（设计）题 目 The Analysis of the Female Self-redemption in Runaway 逃离中女性自我救赎的解读专 业英 语院 部外国语学院学 号1204021107姓 名李宁指导教师胥少先 副教授答辩时间二 一六 年 五 月论文工作时间： 2015 年 6 月 至 2016 年 4 月Contents1. Introduction.12. Reasons for the Female Self-redemption in Runaway32.1 Female Social Status in the Material, System and Spiritual Cultures32.2 Alice Munros Personal Reasons32.3 The ReversionFemale Psychological Goal43. Self-redemptionFemale Rebellion against Fate53.1 The Self-redemption from Their Families53.2 The Self-redemption from Humanity7 3.3 The Self-redemption from Themselves.84. Conclusion10Bibliography12Acknowledgements13逃离中女性自我救赎的解读 学生姓名：李 宁 指导教师：胥少先 摘 要：逃离是艾丽丝门罗的短篇小说集，里面一共包括了8篇小说。在这8篇小说中，艾丽丝门罗从女性的角度描写了一系列以女性为主人公的事件。这本小说是为了讲述现代女性所经历的困苦以及她们如何进行抗争。本文试图分析在这一系列故事中女性的自我救赎，女性自我救赎的分析主要包括女性不断进行逃离的原因以及她们通过自我救赎真正想得到的东西。关键词: 逃离 ；女性；自我救赎The Analysis of the Female Self-redemption in RunawayUndergraduate: Li Ning Supervisor: Xu ShaoxianAbstract: Runaway is a collection of Alice Munros short stories, which consists of eight short stories. In the stories of Runaway, Alice Munro relates a series of events from the perspective of female characters. The core of this novel is to give an account of the hardships that modern women have experienced and how they struggle. This thesis intends to analyze the female self-redemption in the stories. The analyses of the female self-redemption mainly include the reasons why female characters intend to run away and what they are really expecting with their self-redemption. Key Words: Runaway; female; self-redemption1. IntroductionThe well-known contemporary Canadian short-story writer Alice Munro is recognized as one of the most influential, sensitive and deeply insightful writers all over the world. In 2013, Swedish Academy announced the Nobel Prize for Literature belonging to the Canadian writer Alice Munro. As is known to us, she is the 82-year old short-story woman writer. In her daily life, she keeps a low profile and focuses on privacy, and she is keen to observe everything around her. Over the past decades, during her distinguished career she has also got innumerable prizes, from Man Booker International Prize to other prizes in North America. She is considered as the Canadian Chekhov. Permanent Secretary Peter England holds the idea that she is the Master of Contemporary short stories. Moreover, the prize represents the important international recognition. She is the first Canadian writer who has got Nobel Prize for Literature. Alice Munro is one of the most outstanding women writers in the world today. She has published more than ten collections of stories as well as a novel, Lives of Girls and Women. Most of her works are related to womens love, daily life and marriage. She has written so many famous short stories. For instance, The Dimensions of a Shadow, Dear Life , Friend of My Youth, Dance of the Happy Shades. At the same time, these works are a contracted reflection of the female growth and female self-redemption. The writers deep and sincere emotion is fully expressed through these excellent and evoking works. The American Media and European rate Munro as one of the greatest writers today. Alice Munro has won Gillers Prize twice and the Governor General Award for three times which is the most prestigious prize in Canada. Her stories have appeared in The New Yorker, The Atlantic Monthly, The Paris Review, and other publications, and her collections have been translated into thirteen languages.The New York Times argues that no one working today can write more convincingly about the progress of love than Alice Munro. She stands as one of the living colossi of the modern short story, and her Chekhovian realism, her keen psychological insight, her instinctive feel for the emotional arithmetic of domestic life has indelibly stamped contemporary writing. （Blodgett, Alice Munro, 2013）Runaway, published in 2004, which comprises eight short stories. Runaway, a collection of her short stories, is her masterpiece. Moreover, Runaway epitomizes her usual writing style. The core of this novel is to express the hardships that modern women have experienced and how they struggle. In the stories of Runaway, the author relates a series of events from the perspective of female self-redemption. The heart of these events is enclosing the behavior of female runaway, so-called self-redemption from different social classes. Runaway depicts females values and world view elaborately to a large extent at that time. It is to reflect the female life difficulty and helplessness through the tragedy happened in the life of concrete and emotional characters. In this paper, the theme of the novel aims to study female self-redemption. And then I will deplore into female self-redemption in this novel. In a consequence, I will summarize the reasons of female self-redemption through the study of this novel and a large number of preparations. What is more, it will illuminate me with further understanding, inspiration and thinking. It is merely a story of women in the contemporary era grow up and learn to become themselves, how they love and hate, and quarrel and forgive, and suffer and enjoy, self-redemption and psychological reversion, how certain habits of living and ways of thinking are formed. It mainly describes so many characters with distinct personality traits, especially female figures to show the change of the time so-called female self-redemption during that time. Self-redemption is the female rebellion against fate, including self-redemption from their families, from humanity and from themselves. These are also the complicated and intriguing meaning points which make Runaway more expressive and evoking. Most of Alice Munros famous works have made a great contribution to Canada culture, as well as world literature. Because of very limited translation in China, to a great extent, it restricts the domestic researchers for further studies. It is valid that Munros works encounter short shrift. People attach more importance to the translation of novels, whereas British and American writers get more attention. Because of a late start to Munros works, coupled with lack of information, the study to Munro is very shallow, and the theses are also relatively scattered. On the whole, the studies about Alice Munros works are unsystematic and lack of overall consciousness. It demands for more academic research to fill the blank. Domestic researchers can draw lessons from foreign related research results, widen the vision continuously, and find new research ideas so that we can study Munros works from different perspectives. As for Runaway, many people are likely and prone to study the apparent causes, for example, family background, educational experience, outward environment and so on. Of course, these reasons are important, to some extent, critical to female self-redemption. As far as Im concerned, in addition to these reasons, female psychological goals reversion is the most accurate answer for their longing. However the environment does influence on people, it is people himself who can do the final decision. As a result, I will devote my undivided attention to the comprehensive analysis on female self-redemption, that is to say, female rebellion against fate, which consists of three aspects, self-redemption from families, from humanity and from themselves. In this thesis, I adopt feminism. Feminism is the radical notion that women are people. Feminism is a collection of movements and aims at defining, establishing and defending equal political, economic and social rights and status for women. In Runaway, it demonstrates the social status, which mainly consists of female struggle for freedom, equality and psychological reversion. Unavoidably, female characters are trying their best to rescue themselves from dilemma.2. Reasons for the Female Self-redemption in Runaway This part, mainly introduces three branches. The first part is the female social status in the material, system and spiritual cultures; the second part is Alice Munros personal reasons; the third part is the reversionfemale psychological goals.2.1 Female social status in the material, system and spiritual culturesAs for the history, a book named A Short Story of Canada said that “Canadians believe that their history is short, boring, and irrelevant. They are wrong on all counts. The choices Canadians can make today have been shaped by history. In each generation, Canadians have had to learn how to live with each other in this big, rich land. It has never been easy. For those who ignore history, it is doubly difficult.(Conron, Munros Wonderland, 1978: 109)Canada is situated in the North America. If one has to use two words to describe Canada, they might be large and diverse. In the past several hundred years, Canada encountered colonial rule by British and French. However, Canada has got something in some aspects by chance, such as gradually gains economic power and become prosperous. On July 1, 1867, the four colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Canadian were united under the British North America. Act as the Dominion of Canada, today July 1 is celebrated as Canadas National Day (Nischik, The Canadian Short Story, 2007:11). After that, Canada maintains its development and prosperity continuously. Since then, Canada plays an important and critical role in the international and regional affairs gradually. In a consequence, many immigrants begin to pour into Canada. Otwava, Canadas capital, is located in Ontario. Ontario is the biggest district in Canada. Education, technology and economy are far ahead other districts in Canada. When it comes to spiritual cultures, Id like to introduce Canadas multiculturalism. Canada is a society built around existing aboriginal peoples, two founding European cultures, and successive waves of immigration. Canada reflects a cultural, ethnic and linguistic diversity that is found nowhere else on earth. And it is a country characterized by its diversion. In 1971, Canada became the first country in the world to adopt an official Multiculturalism Policy. The Multiculturalism Policy is based on the fundamental values that unite Canadians, such as respect for human rights, equality and recognition of diversity. Canada is one of the most religiously diverse countries in the world. Of course, females also have received the advanced conception and culture so that they attach more importance to their rights, equality and recognition of freedom, including the author of Runaway, Alice Munro.2.2 Alice Munros personal reasonsAlice Munro, the representative of the Canadian women writer. She is famous for writing short story all over the world. Time Magazine selected her 100 most influential people of the world. She was born in Ontario in 1931. And she lived in the wild and peaceful land for a very long time. Gradually, she formed a writing style with depicting ordinary female life in suburban town. And the background of her stories is mainly based on rural town and her neighborhood. The characters in Runaway have most similarities in personality, the experience of birth and death, marriage and divorce. Her father Bob Reid is a local farmer, running for a fox farm. Her mother was a primary school teacher before getting married. Wingham town has the typical characteristics of Ontario towns, quiet and peaceful, which has always been her most important source of inspiration. Munros family life provides source material for her creation continuously, and makes it become the classic in Canadian literature. Her parents were fond of reading and paid the utmost attention to education, as well as Alice Munro. In 1949, she entered the Department of Journalism, Western Ontario University. Since then, she seldom came back here. The things happened in Wingham have become the most precious spiritual treasure, which exist in her memory, in her creation, in her vivid stories. According to her works, these things are fully and vividly expressed. To a large extent, the reason why Munros works are so impressive is that her stories are deeply rooted in life, with distinctive local cultures in the country, and the rich flavor of life. As for memory, it is the most abundant source of her inspiration. And furthermore, she received advanced education and then the higher requirements to the pursuit of the female liberation and self-redemption come into being. Alice Munro wanted to be brave and liberal like her father in her childhood, so that the female characters she depicted are always seeking for freedom, seeking for self-redemption, self-redemption from their families, from humanity and from themselves.2.3 The ReversionFemale Psychological GoalsAround the World War 1, in the first phrase of the development of Canadian literature, the center of the literary performance was the relationship between man and nature. In the course of the WWI and the WWII, the center of the literary performance shifted from the relationship between human and nature to human and society (Bloom, Blooms Modern Critical Views, 2009:94-98). The litterateur began to think over the society and life. The third period is after the WWII. The economy of Canada has experienced from recovery to prosperity. As for writers, on the one hand, they are likely to portrait the characters from external to internal, grope the inner world and analyze the mind. On the other hand, the internal tendency shows that they explore the human spiritual world at present. As the main part of literature, its position in the literary creation is getting more and more attention by litterateur and readers. Unavoidably, it formed a great contrast to past in literary creation. So, after the WWII, especially the 70s of the 20th century, the core of the Canada literature lies in peoples own inner world. Furthermore, Canadian literature is deeply influenced by American and British traditional cultures. Writers are prone to observe peoples inner world. Because of the family background and her personal experience, Alice Munro chooses the female characters.3. Self redemption Female Rebellion against FateThere are three parts under this title, introducing female self-redemption female rebellion against fate. It consists of the self-redemption from their families, self-redemption from humanity, and self-redemption from themselves. 3.1The Self-redemption from Their FamiliesFirst of all, let me talk about the first short story in Runaway, which we call Runaway. Carla, the heroine, when she was 18 years old, in order to get rid of parentsimprisoned, she chose her boyfriend Clark decisively and eloped. In her family, her father was in a dominant position. She left a brief note when she ran away from her family, I have always felt the need of a more authentic kind of life. I know I cannot expect you to understand this ”(Alice Munro, Runaway, 2004). To some extent, she intended to rebel against the patriarchal and free her heart in her inner world. Carla said no when Sylvia asked if she would get in touch with her parents after she was settled. As a result, Clark was her ideal choice at that time naturally. She proceeded without any hesitation. What she wanted to do was running away from her parents and her family. She was eager to live an ideal and free life that she has wondered. Clark was very smart but he hadnt waited even to finish high school. He had altogether lost touch with his family. He thought families were like a poison in your blood. He holds the idea that people try every means to remove the poison in peoples blood, and escape from the bondage of family but they could do nothing. Runaway describes the family and the marriage life of common people in Canada, and the troubles and frustration that they have met. The characters in these short stories try to discover the dilemma by the middle and lower classes in Canada. Carla was abused by her mother and stepfather when she was young. She dislikes them exceedingly so that she has the pressing hope to escape her family, so-called female self-redemption. There was an urgent hope to live without her families. When the opportunity occurs, she chose to elope with Clark without any hesitation. Then, she has no contact with her family. Her family only leaves her terrible and pressing memory so that she cant put up with it any more.There are 3 short stories about Juliet. She is a representative of intellectual women and she has got the master degree in classic literature. In Chance, She met her husband by chance at the railway station, a fisherman in the country, named Eric. Then they got married and gave a birth to a daughter. And then Juliet was alienated from her parents and gradually relieved from the original control of her family. With the development of story, her mother was seriously ill. Juliet and her daughter went to see her mother. Juliet had no reaction to her words apparently, what her mothers meaning was not begrudging her daughter but the days they spent together as a complete family. When she stayed with her parents for few days, she didnt know what she was doing here. She thought she should never have come here, but she couldnt wait to go home. Sara said: What a useless piece of goods I am (Alice Munro, Runaway, 2004). And she thinks she will see Juliet when it gets really bad for her. But when Sara had said, soon Ill see Juliet, Juliet had found no reply. The only thing she can do is to put everything away. She had gone back to the house of her childhoo