英语语音知识.doc

英语语音知识英语不同于汉语，它是拼音文字，读音和拼写之间有直接的联系。因此，掌握英语语音基本知识是学好英语的基础。 crack crash, gasp fog fire, life, vest lively thick, think, nothing, those, these, mother, father, boss, fossil nose lose dots,lots, beds,birds track, tree , truck, driver, drop she ship sheet, pleasure, watch, match, check age,just village half ,have her told her my mum, mile, mine nose, born ring, morning singing little lot lit file,small ride,radio rose rise yes year wall all well wash一 、英语音标表Map please bag bed stable task lot desk dad cake cook give egg five beef love review think things mother those about, above i: eat, meat, meet ,please, i it is , big, pig, pit click pleasure measure usual j, y, yes, year jiSister boss size close nose students lots of beds friends tree factory train drive drain driver she wash pleasure usually teacher Chair village age jacket her how my mom nose no ring ,sing little apple school red read real yes you well wall 注意：新的国际音标在写法上已经发生了变化： 旧-新 旧-新/i/ / /u/ / / / /u/ /:/ /:/ /au/ /a/ /e/ /u/ /:/ /:/ 二、英语语音知识重要概念1元音元音发音时声带震动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受任何阻碍，听起来很清晰、很响亮。元音分为单元音和双元音两大类，单元音中按发音部位，可分为前元音、中元音和后元音:(1)前元音:/i:/i/e/(2)中元音:/:/(3)后元音:/:/u:/:/按发音时间长短可分为长元音和短元音。1)长音:/i:/:/:/u:/:/(2)短音:/i/e/2辅音辅音发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，口腔内形成阻碍的部位比较紧张，呼出气流较强，持续时间短暂，发音不如元音清晰响亮。辅音按声带震动分为浊辅音和清辅音，按发音方式分为爆破音、摩擦音、破擦音、鼻音、舌边音和半元音。(1) 爆破音:/p/b/t/d/k/ (2) 摩擦/f/v/s/z/h/r/(3) 破擦音：/ts/dz/t/d/tr/dr/(4) 鼻音：/m/n/(5) 舌边音：/l/（清晰）/（模糊）(6) 半元音：/w/j/（这两个音也属于摩擦音）3.音节音节通常由一个元音，或一个元音加上一个或几个辅音构成。英语单词根据它们所含音节的数量，可以分为单音节词如：look /luk/，双音节词如：present/preznt /和多音节词, 如：favourite /feivrit /（3个音节），traditional /trdinl /（4个音节）。Present /prizent/4开音节1). 绝对开音节: 以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节叫做绝对开音节。例如：be /bi: / no /n/ hi/ hai/ go, try cry/krai/ 2） 相对开音节：元音字母后面有一个辅音字母（r除外），还有一个不发音的字母e，称相对开音节。例如：cake core name /neim/ bike /baik/ nose/nuz/ huge /hju: d / these/ i:z /不论是绝对开音节还是相对开音节，其元音字母读它们本身的发音即a ei， ei:， i/yai， ou， uju:。除了单音节词外，在双音节和多音节词中，如果某个音节符合开音节词的规则且重读，则为重读开音节，如：mistake/misteik/。5闭音节包含一个元音字母，而以辅音字母结尾（r、w除外）的重读音节，称为闭音节。元音字母在重读闭音节中读它的短音，即a，ee，i/yi，o，u 。例如：cap/kp/ desk/desk/ big/big/ bus/bs / dog/dg/ stick tick plot plastic, politics strike explode explosive hospitality同样，在双音节词中，如果某个音节符合闭音节词的规则，则为重读闭音节。例如：begin /biin/。Refer stop 6成音节英语中的辅音不响亮，不能构成音节。但是/m/，/n/，/l/，/是四个响辅音，它们和某些辅音因素结合，可以构成音节，称为成音节。这种音节往往出现在词尾，不重读。如： table teibl bottombtm cottonktn7单词重音只有一个音节的词都是重读音节，不标出重读符号。在双音节和多音节中，有一个读得特别响亮的音节，叫做重读音节。重读音节在其前面用重读符号/标出。 kwestn swet(r) bat dula fevrt vedtbl tm:t dsemb(r) kmpju:t(r)在多音节中，有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，次重音节词前用/表示，其他部分为非重读音节。例如： :ftnu:n ntnnl8.失去爆破爆破音是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。当6个爆破音/b/, /t/, /d/, /k/和/g/中的任何两个音素相邻时, 后者发不完全爆破音, 前者则要彻底地进行爆破，称为完全爆破。如: ke(p)t blac(k)board no(te)book goo(d)bye Se(p)tember sui(t)case si(t) downHe has a ba(d) col(d) today. You shoul(d) ta(k)e care of the children. Gla(d) to meet you. 当爆破音后面紧跟其他辅音的前面时, 气流不必冲破阻碍,而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,并稍做停顿,(也就是说,做好要发出这个爆破音的准备,但不要发出音来)，称为不完全爆破。如:ma(ke) sure goo(d) job ba(d) luck ol(d) friends jus(t) then ge(t )throughI don(t) know. The thir(d) chair is broken.Goo(d) morning. /Goo(d) night. They are very frien(d)ly to us. You mus(t) pay in advance.9意群、停顿一个句子可以按照意思和结构分为若干小段，每段称为一个意群，人们在说话和朗读的时候，为了使意思表达得更清楚，往往在意群之间稍稍停顿。例如：I get up /at 7 oclock / in the morning. 片 语Will you please / sing a song?10. 连读在同一个意群中，前后相连的两个单词之间，前一个单词末尾的辅音和后一个单词词首的元音有时可连起来读，这种现象称为连读。连读现象是在语言交际中，特别是随着语速的加快而自然产生的，可用符号表示。常见的连读情况有：1) 辅音 + 元音前一个词的词尾是辅音，后一个词以元音开头，这时两个词可以连读。例如：Its a good idea. Come on, Jack! Is it on the desk? Look at it. Let me get it. Can you play games with us? 2)r/re + 元音前一个词的词尾是.r或re，后一个词以元音开头，这时两个词可以连读，中间增加一个/r/音。例如：Ask the teacher for it. I need a pair of sports shoes for school.Here is it. 11.语调我们说话时可以随意改变音高，使音调上升或下降。我们还可以像歌唱家那样突然抬高话语的音调。音调的这种上扬或下降叫语调。不同的语调往往代表不同的含义和感情色彩。英语中有两种基本语调：升调和降调。它们的区别在于句子末尾音调的升或降。升调用“ ”符号表示；降调用“ ”符号表示。 1.读升调的句子 能用Yes、No回答的一般疑问句。例如 Are you a student ? Can you answer me ? Do you often drive a car to go shopping ? 有些习惯表达句子。例如 Here you are . Excuse me . I beg your pardon . 表示请求的句子。例如 May I come in ? Would you tell me a story ? Could you help me ? When he came back yesterday, he found his key lost.2.读降调的句子 陈述句。例如 Im in Class One Grade Two . We are going to have a meeting . Youre welcome . 特殊疑问句。例如 What colour is your sweater ? How old are you ?四、英语字母在单词中的读音规则(一) 元音: 1 a: ar car farm card arm garden particularly a fast class last grass plant staff （当a后面是ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n字母时）2、: al small wall talk tall hall ball call walk mall or short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store landlord sort au caught autumn taught author ou four mourn court bought ar warm quarrel quarter 3、: ir girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen stir ur turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burg ear learn earn earth heard er term her herd serve or work worm world 4、i: ee three tree green sheep meet beef see seek ea eat tea meat leave lead teacher mean speak clean please e he she me ie /ei piece believe receive ceiling 5、u: oo food noodle moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth o shoe do two u true truth blue full prude 6、 u up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus smuggle struggle shuto come mother dose brother love above ou trouble rough flourish tough enough7、 o hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar adopt a want wash watch (a在字母w之后)8、 er teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder or doctor actor mayor author tractor ou delicious gracious pleasure familiar ur Saturday o together tomorrow today a alive attack array appearance e the 9、 i i sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss y many twenty happy dictionary ,city e defect the depend defense ,defendui liquid quick quit quiz build 10、u oo look good foot book wood brookou should could u put full bull pull push buto woman to 11、e ea head bread pleasure be go ahead steadilye elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes stretch spelling, 12、 a bag hand and ant happy hat mad bad black back glad flag shall rag That begger is in rags, which are dirty and smelly, not washed for a long time.13、ei a,e,i,o,u + n,l,t,m.+ e plate, bate date, bike strikeae name cake late gate plane April demonstrate a April ancient agency danger ay play say may way ea great break ai rain paint plain explain grain ey they grey 14、ai ie bike fine find nine mine shine Igh,ie die ,tie, lie ,light night high delight, fright, flight y my try fly shy, sly spy15、 oy boy toy joy enjoy, oi oil soil voice choice 16、i eer beer deer ear near hear dear ere here merely ier fierce experience 17、e ear pear bear air chair air fair ere there where care 18、u our tour ure sure pure , cureOor poor 19、,ou oe home dome owe phone Note: lose noseO,os,ol cold go no host ghost mould ow know low below grow show flow blow oa boat coat goal roast boast 20、au ou house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse accountant ow flower down now cow how town (二) 辅音 /b/ b bad bed back bank /p/ p pet pad pig map, apple /t/ t tank ticket ten /d/ d do dictionary dollar did/k/ k key ok kiss sky C cake, clock,/g/ g glad glance good great /f/ f full fun fold flag life ph photo phone geography rough /v/ v very vest victory /s/ s six say see sad sorry c city pencil price decision (ce,ci,cy) Receive, /z/ z zero zoo zip size se, rose / th thank think thin three sink sank/ th they then than that this / sh share she shampoo , pressure, vers