初高中英语语法基本复习形容词和副词.doc

一、 形容词和副词形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式：原形、比较级、最高级。比较级：+ er; 最高级：the + est两个重要特征：asas中间一定用原形；than的前面一定要+er。(一) 形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。2形容词加er的规则： 一般在词尾加er ；如：tall - taller, fast faster 以字母e 结尾，加r ；如：late - later 重读闭音节词: 末尾以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；如：big - bigger, fat fatter 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。如：happy-happier, heavy - heavier, early - earlier(5) 双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting(6) 有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。如：good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far farther/further, old older/elder(二) 副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动) 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)(三) 形容词、副词比较等级的用法与句型：1、 原级句型：表示两者一样或不一样（1）A与B在某一方面程度相同: as+原级+as eg. My friend Kay is as tall as I / me.（2）A在某一方面不及B: Anot as/so+原级+as B. eg. My friend Kay isnt as/ so tall as I / me.2、比较级句型:表示两者 (人或事物) 的比较（1）A +比较级+ than B. eg. My dress is more beautiful than hers.（2）比较级前可加a little / a bit 一点儿, a lot/much得多, /even / still甚至/更加等来修饰。 eg. Im a little / a bit taller than Tom. He works a lot / much harder than I (do ). （3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越.” eg. faster and faster, more and more beautiful, The days are getting longer and longer. The World Cup is getting more and more popular（4）The +比较级, the+比较级, 表示“越越.” eg.The more, the better. 越多越好。The more (you read), the better (you speak).The more you exercise, the healthier you keep.（5）Who / Which+比较级, A or B? eg. Which is better, A or B? （6）the +比较级+ of the two两者中较的一个 eg. He is the older of the two boys. 3、最高级句型：表示三者或三者以上的比较时用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the, 后面可带 of / in 短语来说明比较的范围。（1）A+ the + adj.最高级 in(范围) / of(同类); A+adv.最高级 in(范围) / of(同类) eg. Mary is the tallest girl in her class / of the three.（2）one of the + 形容词最高级+名词复数表示“最之一”eg. He is one of the tallest students in the class.（3）the +序数词+ 形容词最高级+名词 第最 eg. It is the second largest country in the world.巩固练习：一、写出下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级oldlargehotbigbravemuchgoodsadsoftfarearlytidywellfewbadfatheavydifficultcleverslowlyhappyimportantlittlecarefullybusycorrectly二、选词填空。1. I am _ _ ( happy, happily).2. He is _ _ (successful, successfully).3. Lucy is _ _ (kind, kindly).4. I am a _ _ student. (happy, happily)5. He is a _ _ man. (successful, successfully)6. Lucy is a _ _ doctor. (kind, kindly)7. He runs _ _ (quick, quickly).8. He studied_ _. (good, well)9. He will listen to Tom_ _. (careful, carefully)三、用括号内的形容词和副词的适当形式填空。1. The street is as _ (long) as that one, but it is _(wide) than that one.2. Wang Ling is _(thin) and _(beautiful) than her sister.3. He has _(much) money than I, but I have _(many) books than me.4. Lesson five is _ (easy) than lesson six, but is not so _(interesting) as lesson six.5. Father is the _(old) of the five sons of his parents.6. Which do you like _(well), coffee, tea or lemon aide?7. Look! She is running _(fast) and _(fast). I believe she will get the first place.8. Every morning I get up _(early) than my brother, but my sister gets up _(early) of us all.9. Chinese is as _(important) as English, but English is _(difficult) than Chinese.10. Mount Qomolangma is _(high) mountain in the world.11. 14. This bag is very _ _( heavy), but that one is _ _(heavy) than this one . Its the _ _( heavy) of all . 12. Which is _ _( big ), a dinosaur or a blue whale ? The blue whale is _( big ) than a dinosaur and it is the _(big) animal in the world . An elephant is the _ _(big) animal on land . 四、翻译句子。1、 他得到的越多，就越开心。2、 天气越来越冷了。3、 长江是中国最长的河。4、 书读的越多，懂的就越多。5、 中山是中国最美丽的城市之一。6、 北京的公园