说明书-cadcam--零件C加工-CAXA.doc

天津理工大学2009届本科毕业设计说明书第一章 绪论1.1题目研究的目的及意义随着社会的不断发展，计算技术的日新月异，我们进入了一个信息化的新世纪。在当代信息化技术的推动下，传统的制造业和制造技术也通过应用信息技术正在向高效率、高精度、高自动化方向发展，数控机床、加工中心和柔性制造单元以及集成制造系统等得到广泛地应用，甚至基于计算机和网络应用的无纸化虚拟设计、远程协同设计、虚拟制造、远程制造等也开始应用。另一方面，现代制造技术已成为各国经济发展、满足人民日益增长需要，成为企业在激烈的市场竞争中能立于不败之地且迅速发展的关键。故学好这门技术是很有必要。1.2设计所用软件介绍以及设计内容未来现代制造技术发展的总趋势是向网络化、虚拟化、智能化、精密化、柔性化，绿色化、集成化、全球化的发展。“CAXA制造工程师”是计算机辅助设计与制造（CAD/CAM）工具软件。是由我国北京北航海尔软件有限公司研制开发的全中文、面向数控铣床和加工中心的三维CAD/CAM软件。它基于微机平台，采用原创Windows菜单和交互方式，全中文界面，便于轻松学习和操作。它全面支持图标菜单、工具条、快捷键。用户还可以自由创建符合自己习惯的操作环境。它既具有线框造型、曲面造型和实体造型的设计功能，又具有生成二至五轴的加工代码的数控加工功能，可用于具有复杂三维曲面的零件，它能使用CAD/CAM软件进行机械零件加工的自动编程，使其生成正确的、数控机床能识别的数码程序代码（NC）代码，在数控机床上进行金属切削加工，这是现代机械工程师所必须具备的基本技能。目前它已广泛应用于国内塑模、锻模、汽车覆盖件拉伸膜、压铸模等复杂模具的生产以及汽车、电子、兵器、航空航天等行业精密零件的加工。AutoCAD是一个通用的绘图软件。它可广泛应用于所有需要绘图及工程设计的各个领域，如机械、电子、土木建筑、地质勘察、设备规划和装潢设计等。它已逐渐成为当今最受欢迎的计算机辅助设计和辅助绘图软件之一。CAPP是计算机辅助工艺设计，它是提高企业工艺水平、推动技术进步、增强竞争力的重要手段。它的主要功能是生成零件的工艺路线或工艺过程，即如何生成零件的加工顺序或工序与工步的次序问题。本次设计就是对测试件B进行数控加工工艺及工装设计，主要设计内容有：一、绘制出该零件AoutoCAD的平面图、CAXA立体图。二、对零件进行分析并完成该零件的工艺规程，包括工艺过程卡、工序卡和数控刀具卡三、在CAXA软件选择合适参数后，生成刀具轨迹，并生成该零件的数控加工程序G代码，然后进行计算机辅助工艺设计（CAPP）四、指定工艺夹具的设计，根据测试件的加工要求，设计出各工序所用的夹具，并绘制出各工序所用夹具的平面图形，说明测试件在各工序中的定位夹紧过程。第二章 CAD设计2.1测试件B-1的CAD平面图2.1.1测试件B-1的CAD平面图图2.1Fig.2.12.1.2测试件B-1的CAXA立体图图2.2Fig.2.2该零件整体为160x120x28.5的长方体，中间有一38的通孔和凸台，凸台前后各一个腰型凸台，左右各有一个螺纹孔，并且具有凹圆球面。2.2测试件B-2的CAD设计2.2.1测试件B-2的CAD平面图图2.3Fig.2.32.2.2测试件B-2的CAXA立体图图2.4Fig.2.4该零件形状为一160x120x10的长方体，中间有大通孔，两端各有一个螺纹孔。第三章 CAM设计3.1工艺路线和刀具选择3.11工艺路线和刀具选择此工件为配合件，两工件配合间隙为0.6mm。根据图样要求，可先加件1，完工后再加工工件2，图样中可以看到轮廓的周边曲线圆弧和粗糙度值要求都较高，零件的装夹采用平口钳装夹。将工件坐标系G54建立在工件表面、零件的对称中心处。针对零件图样要求给出加工工序为：3.1.2测试件B-1的加工工序1）铣大平面，保证尺寸28.5，包括中心孔，选用60可转位面铣刀（T1）。2）铣两个腰型顶面，保证尺寸24.5，选用12铣刀（T2）。3) 粗铣两个腰型凸台周边，选用12立铣刀（T2）4）精铣两个腰型凸台周边，选用12立铣刀（T2）5) 铣边角料，选16立铣刀（T3）6）钻孔8.5，选用8.5钻头（T6）7）粗铣孔37.8，选用16立铣刀（T3）8）精铣孔38，选用16立铣刀（T3）9）铣凹圆球面，选用16球头立铣刀（T4）10）钻两螺纹孔，选用8.5钻头（T6）11）攻螺纹M10，选用M10机用丝锥（T9）3.1.3测试件B-2的加工工序1）钻孔2X10.4，包括中心工艺孔，选用10.4钻头（T5）2）粗铣内轮廓，落料，再精细内轮廓。选用12立铣刀（T2）3.1.4刀具的选择加工工序中采用刀具为60可转位面刀、16立铣刀、12立铣刀、16球头立铣刀、8.5钻头、10.4钻头、32钻头、M10机用丝锥3.1.5切削参数的选择表3.1 各工序刀具的切削参数Table 3.1机床型号TH5660A序号加工面刀具号刀具类型主轴转速n/rmin-1进给速度Vr/mmmin-1刀具补偿 号测试件B-11铣上平面T160可转位面铣刀1200100H012铣两个腰型顶面T212立铣刀1200100H023粗铣两个腰型凸台周边T212立铣刀1200100H024精铣两个腰型凸台周边T212立铣刀2000200H025铣边角料T316立铣刀1200100H036钻孔8.5T68.5钻头60035H067粗铣孔37.6T716立铣刀15030H038精铣孔38T538精铣刀1500200H039铣凹圆球面T816球头铣刀2000200H0410钻两螺纹底孔8.5T58.5钻头2000200H0811攻螺纹M10T6M10机用丝锥60035H05测试件B-21钻孔2X10.4T510.4钻头60035H052粗铣内轮廓，落料T212立铣刀1200100H023精铣内轮廓T212立铣刀2000200H023.2测试件B-1刀具轨迹、加工工艺参数及加工程序3.2.1 第一序：铣大平面1.刀具轨迹图3.1.1Fig3.1.12、加工工艺参数平面区域加工参数图3.1.2Fig3.1.2下刀参数图3.1.3Fig 3.1.3切削用量图3.1.4Fig 3.1.4清根参数图3.1.5Fig 3.1.5进退刀方式图3.1.6Fig 3.1.6铣刀参数图3.1.7Fig 3.1.73、加工程序%(铣大平面.cut,2009.5.16,23:32:47.955)N08G92 X-55.000Y-35.000Z50.000N10G90G00Z50.000N12S1200M03N14X-55.000Y-35.000Z50.000N16Z40.000N18Z38.500N20G01Z28.500F200N22X55.000F100N24Y-5.000N26X-55.000N28Y25.000N30X55.000N32Z40.000F800N34G00Z50.000N36M05N38M30%3.2.2 第二序：铣两个腰型顶面1、刀具轨迹图3.2.1Fig 3.2.12、加工工艺参数平面区域加工参数图3.2.2Fig 3.2.2下刀方式图3.2.3Fig 3.2.3切削用量图3.2.4Fig 3.2.4清根参数图3.2.5Fig 3.2.5进退刀方式图 3.2.6Fig 3.2.6铣刀参数图 3.2.7Fig 3.2.73、加工程序%(铣腰平面.cut,2009.6.4,23:32:34.248)N08G92 X17.443Y-47.924Z50.000N10G90G54G00Z50.000N12S1200M03N14X17.443Y-47.924Z50.000N16Z40.000N18Z37.000N20G01Z27.000F200N22G02X-17.443Y-47.924I-17.443J47.924F100N24G02X-16.759Y-46.045I0.342J0.940N26G03X16.759Y-46.045I16.759J46.045N28G02X17.443Y-47.924I0.342J-0.940N30G01Z40.000F800N32G00Z34.000N34G01Z24.000F200N36G02X-17.443Y-47.924I-17.443J47.924F100N38G02X-16.759Y-46.045I0.342J0.940N40G03X16.759Y-46.045I16.759J46.045N42G02X17.443Y-47.924I0.342J-0.940N44G01Z40.000F800N46G00X-17.443Y47.924N48Z37.000N50G01Z27.000F200N52G02X17.443Y47.924I17.443J-47.924F100N54G02X16.759Y46.045I-0.342J-0.940N56G03X-16.759Y46.045I-16.759J-46.045N58G02X-17.443Y47.924I-0.342J0.940N60G01Z40.000F800N62G00Z34.000N64G01Z24.000F200N66G02X17.443Y47.924I17.443J-47.924F100N68G02X16.759Y46.045I-0.342J-0.940N70G03X-16.759Y46.045I-16.759J-46.045N72G02X-17.443Y47.924I-0.342J0.940N74G01Z40.000F800N76G00Z50.000N78M05N80M30%3.2.3 第三序：粗铣腰型轮廓1、刀具轨迹图 3.3.1Fig 3.3.12、加工工艺参数平面轮廓加工参数图 3.3.2Fig 3.3.2切削用量图 3.3.3Fig 3.3.3进退刀方式图 3.3.4Fig 3.3.4下刀方式图3.3.5Fig 3.3.5铣刀参数图 3.3.6Fig 3.3.63、加工程序%(粗铣腰型轮廓.cut,2009.6.4,23:50:25.578)N08G92 X40.000Y-61.000Z50.000N10G90G00Z50.000N12S1200M03N14X40.000Y-61.000Z50.000N16Z40.000N18Z37.000N20G01Z27.000F200N22X20.966Y-57.603F100N24G02X-20.966Y-57.603I-20.966J57.603N26G02X-13.236Y-36.366I3.865J10.619N28G03X13.236Y-36.366I13.236J36.366N30G02X20.966Y-57.603I3.865J-10.619N32G01X-40.000Y-61.000N34Z40.000F800N36G00X40.000N38Z34.000N40G01Z24.000F200N42X20.966Y-57.603F100N44G02X-20.966Y-57.603I-20.966J57.603N46G02X-13.236Y-36.366I3.865J10.619N48G03X13.236Y-36.366I13.236J36.366N50G02X20.966Y-57.603I3.865J-10.619N52G01X-40.000Y-61.000N54Z40.000F800N56G00X40.000N58Z31.000N60G01Z21.000F200N62X20.966Y-57.603F100N64G02X-20.966Y-57.603I-20.966J57.603N66G02X-13.236Y-36.366I3.865J10.619N68G03X13.236Y-36.366I13.236J36.366N70G02X20.966Y-57.603I3.865J-10.619N72G01X-40.000Y-61.000N74Z40.000F800N76G00X40.000N78Z30.000N80G01Z20.000F200N82X20.966Y-57.603F100N84G02X-20.966Y-57.603I-20.966J57.603N86G02X-13.236Y-36.366I3.865J10.619N88G03X13.236Y-36.366I13.236J36.366N90G02X20.966Y-57.603I3.865J-10.619N92G01X-40.000Y-61.000N94Z40.000F800N96G00Y61.000N98Z37.000N100G01Z27.000F200N102X-20.966Y57.603F100N104G02X20.966Y57.603I20.966J-57.603N106G02X13.236Y36.366I-3.865J-10.619N108G03X-13.236Y36.366I-13.236J-36.366N110G02X-20.966Y57.603I-3.865J10.619N112G01X40.000Y61.000N114Z40.000F800N116G00X-40.000N118Z34.000N120G01Z24.000F200N122X-20.966Y57.603F100N124G02X20.966Y57.603I20.966J-57.603N126G02X13.236Y36.366I-3.865J-10.619N128G03X-13.236Y36.366I-13.236J-36.366N130G02X-20.966Y57.603I-3.865J10.619N132G01X40.000Y61.000N134Z40.000F800N136G00X-40.000N138Z31.000N140G01Z21.000F200N142X-20.966Y57.603F100N144G02X20.966Y57.603I20.966J-57.603N146G02X13.236Y36.366I-3.865J-10.619N148G03X-13.236Y36.366I-13.236J-36.366N150G02X-20.966Y57.603I-3.865J10.619N152G01X40.000Y61.000N154Z40.000F800N156G00X-40.000N158Z30.000N160G01Z20.000F200N162X-20.966Y57.603F100N164G02X20.966Y57.603I20.966J-57.603N166G02X13.236Y36.366I-3.865J-10.619N168G03X-13.236Y36.366I-13.236J-36.366N170G02X-20.966Y57.603I-3.865J10.619N172G01X40.000Y61.000N174Z40.000F800N176G00Z50.000N178M05N180M30%3.2.4、第四序：精铣腰型轮廓1、刀具轨迹图 3.4.1Fig 3.4.12、加工工艺参数平面轮廓加工参数图 3.4.2Fig 3.4.2切削用量图 3.4.3Fig 3.4.3进退刀方式图 3.4.4Fig 3.4.4下刀方式图 3.4.5Fig 3.4.5铣刀参数图 3.4.6Fig 3.4.63、加工程序%(精铣腰型轮廓.cut,2009.6.5,0:14:21.623)N08G92 X40.000Y-61.000Z50.000N10G90G00Z50.000N12S2000M03N14X40.000Y-61.000Z50.000N16Z40.000N18Z37.000N20G01Z27.000F200N22X20.863Y-57.321F200N24G02X-20.863Y-57.321I-20.863J57.321N26G02X-13.339Y-36.648I3.762J10.337N28G03X13.339Y-36.648I13.339J36.648N30G02X20.863Y-57.321I3.762J-10.337N32G01X-40.000Y-61.000N34Z40.000F800N36G00X40.000N38Z34.000N40G01Z24.000F200N42X20.863Y-57.321F200N44G02X-20.863Y-57.321I-20.863J57.321N46G02X-13.339Y-36.648I3.762J10.337N48G03X13.339Y-36.648I13.339J36.648N50G02X20.863Y-57.321I3.762J-10.337N52G01X-40.000Y-61.000N54Z40.000F800N56G00X40.000N58Z31.000N60G01Z21.000F200N62X20.863Y-57.321F200N64G02X-20.863Y-57.321I-20.863J57.321N66G02X-13.339Y-36.648I3.762J10.337N68G03X13.339Y-36.648I13.339J36.648N70G02X20.863Y-57.321I3.762J-10.337N72G01X-40.000Y-61.000N74Z40.000F800N76G00X40.000N78Z30.000N80G01Z20.000F200N82X20.863Y-57.321F200N84G02X-20.863Y-57.321I-20.863J57.321N86G02X-13.339Y-36.648I3.762J10.337N88G03X13.339Y-36.648I13.339J36.648N90G02X20.863Y-57.321I3.762J-10.337N92G01X-40.000Y-61.000N94Z40.000F800N96G00Y61.000N98Z37.000N100G01Z27.000F200N102X-20.863Y57.321F200N104G02X20.863Y57.321I20.863J-57.321N106G02X13.339Y36.648I-3.762J-10.337N108G03X-13.339Y36.648I-13.339J-36.648N110G02X-20.863Y57.321I-3.762J10.337N112G01X40.000Y61.000N114Z40.000F800N116G00X-40.000N118Z34.000N120G01Z24.000F200N122X-20.863Y57.321F200N124G02X20.863Y57.321I20.863J-57.321N126G02X13.339Y36.648I-3.762J-10.337N128G03X-13.339Y36.648I-13.339J-36.648N130G02X-20.863Y57.321I-3.762J10.337N132G01X40.000Y61.000N134Z40.000F800N136G00X-40.000N138Z31.000N140G01Z21.000F200N142X-20.863Y57.321F200N144G02X20.863Y57.321I20.863J-57.321N146G02X13.339Y36.648I-3.762J-10.337N148G03X-13.339Y36.648I-13.339J-36.648N150G02X-20.863Y57.321I-3.762J10.337N152G01X40.000Y61.000N154Z40.000F800N156G00X-40.000N158Z30.000N160G01Z20.000F200N162X-20.863Y57.321F200N164G02X20.863Y57.321I20.863J-57.321N166G02X13.339Y36.648I-3.762J-10.337N168G03X-13.339Y36.648I-13.339J-36.648N170G02X-20.863Y57.321I-3.762J10.337N172G01X40.000Y61.000N174Z40.000F800N176G00Z50.000N178M05N180M30%3.2.5、第五序：铣边角料1、刀具轨迹图 3.5.1Fig 3.5.12、加工工艺参数平面区域加工参数图 3.5.2Fig 3.5.2下刀方式图 3.5.3Fig 3.5.3切削用量图 3.5.4Fig 3.5.4清根参数图 3.5.5Fig 3.5.5进退刀方式图 3.5.6Fig 3.5.6铣刀参数图 3.5.7Fig 3.5.73、加工程序%(铣边角料.cut,2009.5.17,10:32:12.120)N08G92 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第六序：钻小孔1 刀具轨迹（略）2 加工工艺参数（略）3 加工程序%N08G92X-100Z30N10G90G00X-60Y45N12G98G81X-60Y45Z-19R20P1000F80N14X-65Y-48N16G80G00Z30N18X-100N20M05N22M30%3.2.7 第七序：粗铣大孔1、刀具轨迹图 3.6.1Fig 3.6.12、加工工艺参数平面区域加工参数图 3.6.2Fig 3.6.2下刀参数图 3.6.3Fig 3.6.3切削用量图 3.6.4Fig 3.6.4清根参数图 3.6.5Fig 3.6.5进退刀方式图 3.6.6Fig 3.6.6铣刀参数图 3.6.7Fig 3.6.73、加工程序%(粗铣大孔.cut,2009.5.17,10:39:52.452)N08G92 X0.600Y0.000Z50.000N10G90G54G00Z50.000N12S1200M03N14X0.600Y0.000Z50.000N16Z40.000N18Z35.500N20G01Z25.500F200N22G03X0.600Y-0.000I-0.600J0.000F100N24G01X10.600N26G03X10.600Y-0.000I-10.600J0.000N28G01Z40.000F800N30G00X0.600N32Z32.500N34G01Z22.500F200N36G03X0.600Y-0.000I-0.600J0.000F100N38G01X10.600N40G03X10.600Y-0.000I-10.600J0.000N42G01Z40.000F800N44G00X0.600N46Z29.500N48G01Z19.500F200N50G03X0.600Y-0.000I-0.600J0.000F100N52G01X10.600N54G03X10.600Y-0.000I-10.600J0.000N56G01Z40.000F800N58G00X0.600N60Z26.500N62G01Z16.500F200N64G03X0.600Y-0.000I-0.600J0.000F100N66G01X10.600N68G03X10.600Y-0.000I-10.600J0.000N70G01Z40.000F800N72G00X0.600N74Z23.500N76G01Z13.500F200N78G03X0.600Y-0.000I-0.600J0.000F100N80G01X10.600N82G03X10.600Y-0.000I-10.600J0.000N84G01Z40.000F800N86G00X0.600N88Z20.500N90G01Z10.500F200N92G03X0.600Y-0.000I-0.600J0.000F100N94G01X10.600N96G03X10.600Y-0.000I-10.600J0.000N98G01Z40.000F800N100G00X0.600N102Z17.500N104G01Z7.500F200N106G03X0.600Y-0.000I-0.600J0.000F100N108G01X10.600N110G03X10.600Y-0.000I-10.600J0.000N112G01Z40.000F800N114G00X0.600N116Z14.500N118G01Z4.500F200N120G03X0.600Y-0.000I-0.600J0.000F100N122G01X10.600N124G03X10.600Y-0.000I-10.600J0.000N126