2013届中考英语句型转换专题复习.doc

句型转换每年的中考试卷中，“句型转换”题所占分值较大，是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇（同义或反义）、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力。.题型介绍所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A，再根据括号内的要求（有时没有明确，须自己观察），在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。.题型分类从形式上看，有如下几种形式：某一词或词组的转换；词组与句子的转换；同义句型的转换；为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。从内容上看，此题型涉及的面较广，主要有：句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句（肯定与否定）、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换；句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换；语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换；常用句型与词汇手段的转换。.具体分类如下一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，大部分是用not来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如nothing,nobody,none,neither,little,few,never,hardly等，例如：A：Tomdoeswellinmaths.B：Tomdoesntdoinmaths.A：Hehasmuchtodo.B：Hehasnothingtodo.A：Allofmyclassmateslikeart.B：Noneofmyclassmateslikesart.2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少，来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如：A：Mybrotheroftenhasbreakfastatschool.B：Doesyourbrotheroftenhavebreakfastatschool?A：TomsalreadyweakinEnglish.B：TomsalreadyweakinEnglish,isnthe?A：Theredlightchangeseverytwominutes.B：Howoftendoestheredlightchange?3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如：A：Thisisaninterestingbook.B：Whataninterestingbookthisis!或Howinterestingthisbookis!二、同义句转换。根据上句，写出一个意思相同（或相近）的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下：1、同义词或词组之间的转换。（通常上下句时态保持一致）。常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四个“花费”（spendtakecosttake）；(2)三个“到达”（gettoreacharrivein/at）；(3)四个“收到来信”（hearfromgetaletterfromreceivealetterfromhavealetterfrom）；(4)两个“擅长于”（begoodatdowellin）；(5)两个“有空”（befreehavetime）；(6)三个“入睡”（gotosleepgettosleepfallasleep）；(7)两个“玩得开心”（enjoyoneselfhaveagoodtime）；(8)“给打电话”（callsbtelephonesbringsb.acallmakeatelephonetosb.）(9)“飞往”（flytogotobyair/plane）(10)“自学”（teachoneselflearnbyoneself）(11)在方面帮助helpwithhelp(to)do(12)在差beweakindobadlyin(13)能/会canbeableto(14)更喜欢likebetterthanpreferto(15)充满了befullofbefilledwith(16)放弃干giveupdoingstopdoing(17)不再nolongernotanylonger(18)照顾/保管takecareoflookafter(19)展览onshowondisplay(20)阻止干stopfromdoingkeep/preventfromdoing(21)由于thankstobecauseof(22)举手handsupputuponeshands(23)最后，终于atlastintheend(24)与不同bedifferentfrombenotthesameas(25)从借入borrowfromlendto(26)乘公汽/火车/的士gotobybus/train/taxitakeabus/train/taxito(27)乘自行车去gotobybikerideabiketo(28)为感到自豪beproudofbetheprideof(29)步行去walktogotoonfoot(30)独自地byoneselfalone等。例如：A：Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.：Thechildrenenjoyedthemselvesinthepark.2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有Itseemsthat从句Somebodyseems（tobe）+adj/nItskindofsb.todoSomebodyiskindtodoWhatdoesmean?Whatdoyoumeanby?或Whatsthemeaningof?ThereissomethingwrongwithSomethingiswrongwithnotuntil与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换Whatswrongwith?Whatsthematterwith?Howis?Whatslike?Howdoyoulike?Whatdoyouthinkof? ItstimethatItstimeforsb.todoItssaidthatPeoplesaythatCanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?例如：A：IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.B：IdidntgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如：A：Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,theyllgotothepark.B：Unlessitrainstomorrow,theyllgotothepark.A：Ifyoudonthurry,youllbelate.B：Hurryup,oryoullbelate.A：Fishcantliveifthereisnowater.B：Fishcantlivewithoutwater.4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buyhave,borrowkeep,diebedead,openbeopen,joinbein+组织/bea+成员,beginbeon,leavebeawayfrom,closebeclosed,arrivein/getto/come/gotobein/at,finishbeover,gotosleepbeasleep，getupbeup.例如：Theoldmandiedfivemonthsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefivemonthsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfivemonths.Itsfivemonthssincetheoldmandied.Fivemonthshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如：A：Isawtheywereplayingfootballontheplayground.B：Isawthemplayingfootballontheplayground.A：Theteacherfoundthatshewasveryclever.B：Theteacherfoundherveryclever.A：HefoundthatitwashardtolearnEnglishwell.B：HefoundithardtolearnEnglishwell.A：Wearesurethatwewillwintofirstmatch.B：Wearesuretowintofirstmatch.由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如：A：CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?B：Couldyoutellmehowtogettotherailwaystation?A：Wedontknowwhatweshoulddonext.B：Wedontknowwhattodonext.由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until+doing例如：A：Theywenthomeaftertheyfinishedtheirwork.B：Thewenthomeafterfinishingtheirwork.A：MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincehecametoChina.B：MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincecomingtoChina.Whensb.+be+数词+yearsoldattheageof+岁数A：Whenhewastwelveyearsold,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.B：Attheageoftwelve,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.由sothat引导的结果状语从句可转化为tootodo或enoughtodo例如：A：TheboxissoheavythatIcantcarryit.B：Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.或：Theboxisntlightenoughformetocarry.A：Thechildissooldthathecangotoschool.B：Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.由sothat引导的目的状语从句可转化为inordertodo例如：A：Myfathergotupearlythismorningsothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.B：Myfathergotupearlythismorninginordertocatchtheearlybus.由because引导的原因状语从句可转化为becauseof例如：A：Wedidntgototheparkbecauseitrained.B：Wedidntgototheparkbecauseoftherain.定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如：A：ThemanwhoisonthebikeisJim.B：ThemanonthebikeisJim.A：Themanwhoisdrivingtheredcarismyboss.B：Themandrivingtheredcarismyboss.A：ThegirlwhoiscalledMaryismysister.B：ThegirlcalledMaryismysister.6、用并列连词neithernor；eitheror；bothand；notonlybutalso连句。例如：A：IhaventseenaTVplayforlong,andLilyhasnteither.B：NeitherInorLilyhasseenaTVplayforlong.A：Tomisgoodatmaths,andheisgoodatFrench,too.B：TomisgoodatbothmathsandFrench.neithernor,eitheror和notonlybutalso连接两个主语时，谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定，即“就近原则”，但是bothand用来连接两个主语时，谓语复数。7、主动语与被动语态的互变。“主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，“二不变”即时态不变，句式不变。例如：A：Theymakewatchesinthetown.B：Watchesaremadebytheminthetown.A：Icanfinishtheworkbeforeeight.B：Theworkcanbefinished（byme）beforeeight.A：DotheygrowriceinSouthChina?B：IsricegrowninSouthChina?注：使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时，必须加上to.A：Isawhimtakeyourumbrella.B：Hewasseentotakeyourumbrella.8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化，例如A：Chineseisthemostimportantsubjectofall.B：Chineseismoreimport