Linux系统复习笔记.doc

1. /boot,swapsata sda, sdb, sda1,sda5idehda,hdbSATA115-15.IDE595-63 /dev/sdb12. Linux77tty76tty1tty6ctrl+alt+F1F73. man1 shell2 4 /dev5 8 /+ 4. rootshutdown poweroff haltrebootshutdown/poweroff/halt sync root sync;sync;sync;rebootinit level 0 level 3 level 5 level 6 init 0 init 65. /etc/passwd root/etc/shadow /etc/group ls -l drw-rr- 1 root root 42304 Sep 4 18:26 install.log12(3) 4owner(5) group(6) 781- d: directoryl: link p: b: block c: 29u(users), g(group), o(others)r(w(x( r w x r: lsw: xx: 3i6. chmod1chmod 744 rwxrr-2chmod u + r g - wo = xachmod u+rw, go=wx a+w chown chown root chgrp chgrp root7. Linuxlinuxlinux8. $PATH /usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/heyu/heyu/bin$PATHPATH=$PATH:/user. .PATH9. UMASKumask-rw-rr-644666drwxr-xr-x755777umask022.umaskumaskumaskumask 002 umask003(-rw-rw-rw-) - (-wx) = (-rw-rw-r) 664drwxrwxrwx - (d-wx) = (drwxrwxr-) 77410. SUIDSGIDSUIDset UIDUIDownerUIDSGIDset GIDGIDwSUIDSGIDchmod 4755 filename chmod u+rwxs,g+rw,o+rw UIDchmod 2755 filename chmod u+rwx,g+rws,o+rw GIDaccessint access(const * char pathname,int mode)mode0-1mode R_OK,W_OK,X_OK,F_OK()11. r,w,xowner,group,mtime,ctimeatime)inodedata blocksuper block)inodeblocksuperblock: filesysteminodeinode,blockblockblockblockblockinodeblockblockblockblockinode12. inodeblockinodeinodeblockblockinodeln ln-s13. linux1fdisk2,mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb6314. swapswapswap12 mkswap 3swapon; swapoffnone15. 1/,/boot,/home2mount mount /dev/sdb6 /mnt/hdb6(3) umount etc/fstab/dev/hdc6 /mnt/hdc6 ext3 defaults 1 2(1)234/defaults50 1 6fsck0 /etc/fstab16. gzip,bzip2bzip2gziptar1gzip*.gzgzip -d 2bzip2 *.bz2 3tar - j bzip2*.tar.bz2- z gzip*.tar.gz- c - t - v - f - x - C tar -zcv -f tar -jcv -ftar -cf : *.tar tar -zxv -f -C (tar -jxv -f)tar -xf -C: tar -ztv -f tar -tf 17. ViVimVi: Unix likeViVim: Vi1Viq(w) Enter i,a,o EscVi: :wq :q! ZZ2j: +k: h: l$0Enter Ctrl+f : Ctrl+b : Ctrl+u : Ctrl+d : H M L G nG +Ggg: /word word?word wordn N s : S n1,n2s/old/new/g : n1n2oldnewx,X xXnx ndd dw dnw nndd nd1G 1dG d$ d0 D x,yd xyyy nyy ny1G yG y0 y$ p,P pPJ u U Ctrl+r . i,I iIa,A aAo,O oOr,R rREsc:w :W! :q Vi:q! :wq :w filename r filename : :set nu :set nonu 18. ShellBashShell: KDEGnomekernelShellBash,ShellKDE/bin/bash: linuxshell/bin/ksh : kbashbash/bin/tcsh: C shell, BashPIDBashBash19. /etc/profile: /etc/shadow: rootecho $ echo =unset env: export: export 18. /etc/passwd heyu: x:500:500:heyu:/home/heyu:/bin/bashxIDIDShelluseradd: userdel: passwd: rootpasswd +sudo/etc/sudoerssudovisudo: /etc/sudoersroot ALL=(ALL) ALL username ALL=(ALL) ALL 19. ACLACLaccess control listowner,group,others1 acl_set_fileacl_set_fdint acl_set_fd(int fd,acl_t acl);int acl_set_file(const char *path_p,acl_type_t type,acl_acl);path: fd: type: acl: acl0-12 acl_get_fileacl_get_fdacl_t acl_get_fd(int fd);acl_t acl_get_file(const char *path_p,acl_type_t type);3 acl_create_entryint acl_create_entry(acl_t *acl_p,acl_entry_t *entry_p)20. gcclinux C gccgcc*.ca.outgcc -c .cgcc -o .c.oGcc -o gcc -O0-o: gcc -O1-o: gcc -O2-o: gcc -O3-o: gcc -g-o : gcc -L: -Lgcc -S: gcc -E: .c()1 gcc -c p1.c p2.c2 gcc -o p p1.o p2.o3 ./p21. MakemakemakemakemakefileMakefilemakeMakefile(1) MakefileSB1sb.o 2sb.o 100sb.ogcc -o SB 1sb.o 2sb.o 100sb.o(Tab)1sb.o:1sb.cgcc -c 1sb.cTabhello:hello.o hello2.ogcc -o hello hello.o hello2.ohello.o:hello.cgcc -c hello.chello2.o:hello2.cgcc -c hello2.c(2) make cleanmakefileclean:rm -f hello hello.o hello2.omake clean(3) CFLAGS,LDFLAGS,CPPFLAGSmakefileshellmakefile1 CFLAGS= -g gcc -c $(CFLAGS) hello.c2 LDFLAGS= -L/usr/lib/gsl -lgslgcc -o hello $(LDFLAGS) hello.o hello2.o3 CXXFLAGS C+ 4 CPPFLAGS -I -D -U5 CC gcc make6 CXX g+ C+(4) makeall: all:hellohello:hello.o hello2.ogcc -o hello hello.o hello2.omakehelloclean: install: make install /usr/local/bindisclean: .omakefile(5) gcc .o.cCFLAGS += -g make -pmake -j $ : $+ : $ : $? : $ (0x00007fff8eca7000)libhello2.so = /tmp/libhello2.so (0x00007ff12d18f000)()libc.so.6 = /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000003033c00000)/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x0000003033400000)23. gdbgdb -g gdbl: listb n: n (break 6)r: runnext: kill: quit: gdbinfo break: print i: ip i Enter : display i: ic: d b bt: fr: Up: down: b 7 if i=8: disable step set args: export path: gdbpathgdbwatch examine / 4dwdw3224. stdin: 0 ; ( )stderr 222;()ls -l / ./profile profilels -l / ./profile profile2 2cat newfile newfile eof eof25. * ? a,c,da-d bc,bcc26. STDIN_FILENO 0STDOUT_FILENO 1STDERR_FILENO 227. 1creat (2) open (3) read (4) write (5) close (6) unlink inode(7) lseek (8) access (9) stat fstat lstat(10) statfs (11) mknod (12) st_mode (13) utime (14) chdir fchdir(15) getcwd (16) opendir,readdir,closedir,rewinddir: 28 IOstdin,stdout()stderr setbuf: setbuffer: setlinebuf: setvbuf: fileno dup2IOfopen: fclose: fgetc,getc,getchar: fp