高考全国卷英语语法复习——名词冠词和主谓一致PPT课件.ppt

RevisionofEnglishgrammar2017 Nouns ArticlesandAgreementbetweensubjectandverb 名词 冠词和主谓一致 1 1 不可数名词 2 可数名词的单复数 3 名词所有格 考什么 名词 2 专有名词 名词 普通名词 个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词 可数名词 不可数名词 3 1 既可作 c 又可作 u 2 物质名词的量化3 抽象名词的具体化4 常见的不可数名词 一 不可数名词 4 Wouldyoulikesomemore orange sir No thanks Ihavehadmuch orange 1 aroommakeroomfor 2 achickenhavesomechicken 3 anunforgettableexperienceateacherfullofexperience much 1 有些名词既可数又不可数 但意义不同 5 Givemetwocoffees 2 物质名词的量化 煮咖啡给我两杯咖啡 makecoffee 6 Also whenImissmyfamily it s greatcomforttohaveasubstitutefamilytobewith 3 抽象名词具体化 Tomisasuccessatmaths butafailureinEnglish Itisapleasuretomeetyou Whatashametheycouldn tcome Yourletterwasacompletesurprise Itisanhonortobeinvitedheretoday Shewasabeautyinherday a comfort 7 inpoorhealthItishardwork Weloadedourbaggageintothecar Thereisgoodnewsforyou Whatbeautifulfurnitureitis Itisgreatfuntoplaygameswithyou Thefirmsupplieskitchenequipment Histaskwastocollectinformation Canyougivemesomeadvice I mgladyouhavemadesuchagreatprogressthatyoucanwriteyoure mailingoodChinese 改错 4 常见的不可数名词 progress 8 二 可数名词单复数 1 名词变复数的几种规则2 单复数同形的名词3 名词修饰名词的规则4 常用名词复数形式的固定结构 9 1 ch读成 k stomach stomach 2 以 o 结尾的名词 3 以f或fe结尾的名词 roof chief belief proof hero tomato potato 4 不规则变化 foot tooth goose ox child mouse 1 名词变复数引人关注的几种规则 注意 handkerchief es es es roofs chiefs beliefs proofs feet teeth geese oxen children mice s 10 Everypossiblemeans use topreventtheairpollution buttheskyisstillnotclear hasbeenused 注意 news politics physics mathematics plasticsetc 2 单复同形的名词 meanssheepdeerChineseJapaneseaircraftspeciesseriesworks 工厂 11 注意 有些名词需要用其复数形式作定语 The 自行车商店 isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon tmissit bicycleshop aclothesshopasalesmanagerthreewomenteachers 电话号码鞋店街灯安全带 atelephonenumberashoeshopstreetlightsseatbelts 3 名词作定语 12 asfollowsmakefriendswithmakepreparationsfortomakematters thingsworsePleasegive sendmybestwishes regards greetingstoyourparents Itisgood badmannerstodosth Iwouldliketoexpressmythanksforyourhelp directions instructions Pleasegivemy 祝贺 whenyouseeher congratulations 4 一些固定结构中须用名词复数 13 三 名词的所有格 1 Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed It s 四个小时的 walk 2 The girl shoeswerecoveredwithmud soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto Tom car afourhours Tom s girls 14 三 名词的所有格 1 theworkers clubTeachers Day 3 atMr Green satthetailor satthebarber satthedoctor sattheteacher s 2 Women sDayChildren sDay 译一译 15 atenminutes driveafourdays holidaytwoweeks timetoday snewspaperChina sindustrytheteachers readingroom 开车十分钟的路程四天的假期两周的时间今天的报纸中国的工业教师阅览室 练一练 16 大纲词汇适当扩充词典释义 Dropbydroptheoceanisfilled stonebystonethewallisbuilt 学法指导 涓滴之水汇成海 一石一石筑成墙 17 冠词 18 1 定冠词的用法2 不定冠词的用法3 零冠词的用法4 固定搭配5 短语中有无冠词在意义上的区别 考什么 19 一 定冠词 Howtouse the ingeneral 基本用法 特指 上文提到过 再次提起 上文未提到 谈话双方都知道 有些被短语或从句修饰的特定人或物 20 练一练 改错 Asyouknow I mstillburiedinbooksatschoolyouaresofamiliarwith the 2 Butafterthetest bothofuswerecalledtotheteacher soffice Theteacherwasangrybecausewehadsameanswersinthetext the 21 1 乐器的名词前playtheviolin piano guitar 2 在姓氏复数形式前 表示全家人或夫妻俩TheTurnersarewatchingTV 必须使用定冠词的几种情况 3 表世纪或年代inthe19thcentury inthe1890 s 汉语拼音的乐器名词前不用冠词 但表示某人多大年龄时用inone sfifties 2020 3 21 22 4 用于发明物的单数名词前Bellissaidtohaveinventedthetelephone 6 越 越 结构中Themoreyoulearn themoreyouknow 7 与表示计算单位的名词连用含 每 的意思Theyarepaidbythehour day month year bytime byweight bysize 5 表示两者中 较 更 最 的一个 Whoistheelderofthetwins Applesaresoldbyweightandeggsbythedozen 2020 3 21 23 8 用在可数名词单数前表示一类人或事物 Theroseismyfavoriteflower 9 指世界上独一无二的事物 但是当这些名词前有修饰成分时 可以用不定冠词 Theearthgoesaroundthesun abluesky anewmoon 2020 3 21 24 背一背 固定搭配 定冠词atthemomentonthespotbythewayontheincreaseinthewayontheradiobytheendoftaketheplaceofforthetimebeingintheformofinthehopeofontheotherhandonthecontraryonthewhole 2020 3 21 25 二 不定冠词 基本用法 1 泛指2 表数量 一 与one接近 AMr Wangcametoseeyouthismorning 3 用来表示不确定的某一个 相当于 acertain some 4 用在单数名词前表示一类人或事物Abirdhaswings 26 不定冠词的选择 aoran universityEuropeancountryone eyeddogusefuldictionary a a a a herohourhonestboyhonour a an an an Thereis m intheword name Tomneeds X rayexaminationofthelung an an 27 练一练 改错 Inafact heevenscaredmyclassmatesawaywhentheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme 2 Finally therewasasuddenpullatthepoleandfishwascaught a 28 so as too how 形容词 a an 可数名词单数 It stoodifficultabookforustoread Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet Theteacherset problemthatnoonecouldsolveit A soadifficultB sodifficultaC suchdifficultaD suchdifficult B 不定冠词的位置 Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis itisascience A anartmuchB muchanartasC asanartmuchD asmuchanartas D 29 1 用于两件通常在一起的物品或同一人前 aknifeandforkasingeranddanceranironandsteelworks 2 抽象名词的具体化等 receiveagoodeducationhaveasideeffectonaknowledgeofEnglishhaveaquickbreakfast 不定冠词的特殊用法 shame surprise pleasure honor help beauty success failure 30 Wouldyoulikeasecondcupoftea Hehastried3times andheaskedtohaveafourthtry 4 用于序数词前 表示 又一 再一 5 用在物质名词前 表示 一阵 一份 一场 一种 等Theywerecaughtinaheavyrain acoldwind Thecartravelsat100kilometersanhour 3 表示 每一 等频率 31 6 a most 形容词 表示 很 7 用于专有名词中的地名前 表示 一个 的地方 SheisnowadifferentChinafromwhatshewastwentyyearsago ThevisitorsherearegreatlyimpressedbythefactthatpeoplefromallwalksareworkinghardforanewJiangsu 2020 3 21 32 背一背 固定搭配 不定冠词asaresult asamatteroffact inaword allofasudden gooutforawalk havealookattakeabreaktakeadeepbreathpayavisitto 2020 3 21 33 使用零冠词常见的8种情况 三 零冠词 34 1 第一次使用的 不可数名词前 以及抽象名词表示它的一般概念时Manneedsairandwater Knowledgebeginswithpractice 2 专有名词前不用冠词 但由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常用定冠词the LeiFeng thePeople sRepublicofChina3 复数名词泛指一类事物时Onweekends shoppingmallsarealwayscrowdedwithpeople 2020 3 21 35 4 表示某人独一无二的职位 头衔的名词在句子中充当表语 同位语 补足语等时 其前一般不用冠词 但在句子中充当主语时 一般使用定冠词the In1860 AbrahamLincolnwaselectedpresidentoftheUnitedStates 5 turn 变成 后的单数名词做表语时Aftergraduationfromcollege heturnedteacher 2020 3 21 36 6 nosuch修饰单数可数名词时Thereisnosuchpersonintheroom 7 as though引起的倒装句中 可数名词单数形式放在句首时 其前不用冠词 Childasheis heknowsalot 8 word表 消息 时Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon 2020 3 21 37 1 ThisbooktellsthelifestoryofJohnSmith wholeft schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16 2 Dr PeterSpence headmasteroftheschool toldus fifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge A 练一练 填空 2020 3 21 38 1 名词表达抽象概念gotoschool gotochurchgotobed gotohospitalputsb inprisonatschool inhospital inbed inprisoninchurch2 交通方式bybus bytrain bycar onfootbyair bysea byland 背一背 固定搭配 2020 3 21 39 3 名词并列出现daybyday stepbystepyearafteryear experimentafterexperimentfacetofacebacktobacksidebysidefromhousetohouse 背一背 固定搭配 2020 3 21 40 译一译 冠词的有无意义不同 1 attableatthetable 在进餐 在桌子旁边 2 outofquestionoutofthequestion 毫无疑问 不成问题 不可能 impossible 3 infrontofinthefrontof 4 inchargeofinthechargeof 5 inpossessionofinthepossessionof 负责 由 负责 占有 归 所有 41 补充 解题技巧 选冠词 有技巧 边翻译 边思考 既可数 又形单 特指the泛指a an 不可数常不填 具体化时加a an 特殊情况要牢记 正确答案跑不了 42 1 Theadobedwellings 土坯房 builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers 2015课标II2 Mr Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren Heowned farm whichlookedalmostabandoned 2015广东 a the 链接高考 43 3 Now yearslater thisriverisoneof mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup 2014课标I4 SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon topfloor 2014广东5 Inthebeginning therewasonly verysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld buteveryoneaddedalittle alwaysthinkingthatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday 2013广东 the the a 44 6 The ChineseDream is dreamtoimprovepeople swell beingand dreamofharmony peaceanddevelopment 2013福建7 Animalsareobviously lowerformoflifethan man 2013江西8 Itwas coldwinternightandthemoonwasshiningbrightlyacross nightsky 2013山东 a a a a the 45 9 MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedon PacificOceanonhiswaytoJavain thirteenthcentury 2013陕西10 Fourand halfhoursofdiscussiontookusuptomidnight and breakforcheese chocolateandteawithsugar 2013新课标II11 Indiaattained independencein1947 after longstruggle 2013新课标I卷 the the a a a 46 12 Peopledevelop preferenceforaparticularstyleoflearningat earlyageandthesepreferencesaffectlearning 2013浙江13 Theparentswereshockedby newsthattheirsonneeded operationonhisknee 2013重庆 a an the an 47 改错1 NowIamlivinginacity butImissmyhomeincountryside 2015课标I the 2 Iwasalwaysinterestedtoseethedriversinhurryinthemorning 2015浙江 a 3 Asresult theplantsaregrowingsomewhere 2014课标I a 48 1 语法形式上的一致2 意义上一致3 就近原则 考什么 主谓一致 49 语法一致 主语为单数形式 谓语用单数 主语是复数形式 谓语用复数 名词 代词 不定式 动名词 从句等充当主语时 一般适用语法一致原则 50 一 语法一致 1 Awomanwithtwochildren has have come 比较 Awomanandtwochildren has have come 2 Thestudentsaswellastheteacher was were presentatthemeeting 3 NobodybutSmithandJohn was were inthelabyesterday has were was have 51 一 语法一致 1 名词后面如果接有togetherwith alongwith with ratherthan aswellas except but等结构时 应排除上述结构的干扰 使后面的谓语动词取得与真正主语的一致 52 一 语法一致 1 Sheisoneofthosewomenwho doesn t don t knowanythingaboutfurniture 2 Sheistheonlyoneofthosewomenwho doesn t don t knowanythingaboutfurniture don t doesn t 2 oneof 复数名词 结构后面的定语从句要求谓语动词与复数名词一致 但是 theonlyoneof 复数名词 时 定从谓语动词采用单数 53 一 语法一致 1 apairof2 thiskindof ofthiskind3 anumberof许多 thenumberof 的数目4 anaverageof平均有 theaverageof 的平均数 3 和数目有关的of短语 54 一 语法一致 5 atotalof总共有 thetotalof 的总数6 mostof therestof7 alotof amassof agreatmany plentyof许多的 特例 aquantityof quantitiesof 55 一 语法一致 1 Thiskindofapple s is are sour 2 Applesofthiskind is are sour 3 Anumberofpeople was were injured 4 Thenumberofstamp collectors is are growingrapidly 5 Anaverageof3 000letters was were receivedeachmonth 6 Theaverageoflettersreceivedeachmonth is are 3 000 were is were is is are 56 一 语法一致 Betweenthehills stands stand atemple stands 4 倒装结构中 一定要找到句子真正的主语 但真正的难点在于你得能先辨认出来这是一个倒装结构 57 一 语法一致 1 Tosee tobelieve 2 Children sinterferingintheirparents righttoremarry becomeasocialproblem 3 Whathesaysanddoes noneofyourbusiness is has are 5 短语 分词结构 不定式 从句做主语时 谓语动词一般要求用单数 58 一 语法一致 1 Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines complete bynow 2 Thathedoesn tlikeyou noneofmybusiness 3 Lyingandstealing wrong 4 Morethanonestudent readHarryPorter 5 Theteachertogetherwiththestudents goingtohaveapicnicnextSunday is are has is hasbeencompleted 填空练习 59 意义一致 有时要从意义着眼处理主谓一致问题 数学算式 集合名词 疑问代词 the 形容词 充当主语时 一般适用意义一致原则 60 二 意义一致 1 TheUnitedStates adevelopedcountry 2 Physics veryinteresting is is wasbuilt 1 有些名词以s结尾 意义却为单数 news physics politics maths Thisworks build in1982 2 单复数同形的名词 means series Chinese sheep deer works species 61 二 意义一致 Thepolice makingenquiriesaboutthemurder are 3 people police cattle是集合名词 用复数形式 1 Ourclass madeupoftwentygirlsandthirtyboys 2 Theclass doingexperiments is are 4 集体名词 family class team group public audience crowd government 62 二 意义一致 1 Thesetrousers need cleaning 2 Thispairoftrousers be mine need is 5 由两部分构成的物体的名词 trousers pants jeans glasses shorts 63 二 意义一致 1 Thewounded allsavedbythevillagersatlast 6 注意 有些结构由表语来定 The加形容词表一类人 通常用复数 如果指一个人或抽象概念用单数主语从句 were was 2 Thewoundedintheaccident apoliceman 3 Whatwebadlyneed doctors are 64 二 意义一致 1 Tenyears is are amomentinhistory 2 Ahundredmiles is are alongdistance 3 Tenthousanddollars is are abigsum 7 表示时间距离钱数等度量的复数名词可看作一个整体 谓语动词用 单数 is is is 65 二 意义一致 1 AllIwant is are acupoficetea 2 All was were presentatthemeeting 8 all指物多用单数 指人多用复数 is were 66 二 意义一致 Eachofthem h