2012-13第一学期英语2期末葛.doc

上海应用技术学院 高等职业学院2012 2013 学年第 一 学期 英语3 期（末）（A）试卷课程代码: 学分: 考试时间: 分钟班级： 学号： 姓名: 我已阅读了有关的考试规定和纪律要求，愿意在考试中遵守考场规则，如有违反将愿接受相应的处理。题 号一二三四五六七八九十总 分应得分实得分 试卷共 页，请先查看试卷有无缺页，然后答题。Part I Listening Comprehension (1X15 15%)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear five short sentences. Each sentence will be read only once. At the end of each sentence there will be a pause. During the pause, read the four choices marked A, B, C, and D and decide which is the best answer. Then write your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. You will be introduced to _.A. Mr. Wang B. Miss Wang C. Ms. Wang D. Mrs. Wang2. The phone number is _.A.188-6332-3374 B. 189-6332-7334 C. 189-6322-7734 D. 186-9322-73343. You should repeat your _.A. last name B. surname C. family name D. first name4. The speaker is _ .A. Canadian B. a tour guide C. a leader of Canada D. a leader of a tour group 5. _ is needed.A. Your name B. Your last name C. Your boss name D. Your first name6. How would the man go there?A. On foot. B. By car. C. We dont know. D. By bus.7. Bill wants to see _.A. a film B. a western opera C. a drama D. a Beijing opera8. They agree with _.A. the idea that life is fair B. the idea that life is unfairC. the idea that nothing is impossible D. the idea that everything is possible9. The speaker means _.A. he agrees to the idea B. he has no ideaC. he disagrees with the idea D. he totally supports the idea10. The speaker means that _.A. he believes the weatherman B. he doesnt believe the weathermanC. he doesnt believe anything D. the weatherman is rightSection B Directions: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the four choices marked A, B, C, and D and decide which is the best answer. Then write your answer on the Answer Sheet.Example: You will hear: You will read: A. The conversation takes place at home.B. The conversation takes place in an office.C. The conversation takes place between two strangers.D. The conversation takes place between Mr. and Mrs. Brown.From the conversation, we learn that Mr. Brown is probably Jennys boss, and the conversation probably takes place in an office. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Now the test will begin.11. A. Advertisements. B. Everything.C. Nothing. D. Everything except the advertisements.12. A. She disagrees with the man. B. She agrees with the man.C. She doesnt like watching TV. D. She likes advertisements.13. A. The woman hates pop music. B. The woman likes classical music more.C. The woman likes classical music only. D. The woman hates classical music.14. A. The man. B. The woman. C. The womans grandfather. D. The mans grandfather.15. A. The woman wants to change the channel. B. The woman wants to wait for the man.C. The man doesnt like the movie. D. The man doesnt like Channel 5.Part II Reading Comprehension ( 40%)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 4 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructedTask 1The cultural differences between doing business in Europe and Japan are often subtle, but they are reflected in everyday business activities and may also affect negotiations and contracts between European and Japanese enterprises. Since they are deeply rooted in tradition, they are not changed easily, and still present an intercultural challenge. It is a challenge that offers not only commercial success, but also personally enriching experiences. In Europe, contracts as a principle are put in writing, and written contracts are minutely drafted. In this way one tries to provide for all conceivable problems of the contractual relationship in advance. In Japan, a survey revealed that in practice 71% of business contracts are concluded only orally. According to traditional Japanese thinking, a good personal relationship between the parties reinforced by giri is more important than a written contract. But even if Japanese contracts are put in writing, they are often only of a summary nature. In Europe such summary contracts will be of little use. For example, a German labor contract frequently comprises 10 pages. A Japanese company followed Japanese practice in Germany and concluded a 1-page employment contract with a German employee. For this reason alone, the Japanese company stood no chance of winning when it was sued by the employee before a German labor court. In business relations in Japan, people try to establish personal interrelationships through generous hospitality and presents. Such practices are not unknown in Europe but much less developed. Europeans tend to restrict business relations to business and to preserve their independence. So go-betweens are generally not required and you can establish contact directly. In order to avoid failure when trying to enter into contact with a Japanese company, Europeans are therefore advised to employ a personal intermediary. As part of the rationality of the social order, personal relationships in society are construed as legal relationships, and in Europe people are often conscious of their nature as legal relationships. In Japan, on the other hand, there is an inclination to construe social relationships as moral relationships. This is especially true in the relation between government authorities and enterprises. When a Japanese ministry requests their co-operation, the enterprises cannot easily refuse. Co-operation is a highly valued virtue in modern Japanese society and nobody wants to have the reputation of being uncooperative. European enterprises, which always ask for the legal basis of an administrative act, find an administrative guidance that is not clearly supported by law to be unacceptable. Because of the firm conviction of equality, the services sector in Europe is in a bad state. Usually the customer is not the king, much less God, as the Japanese like to say. On the contrary, the inner belief is that the seller and buyer, even the waiter and customer in a restaurant, are basically equal. “The customer is the king, but the monarchy has been abolished” is a saying of German shopkeepers according to a recent edition of a magazine. It is therefore often wearisome in Europe to be a customer, and Europeans enjoy the obliging and extremely friendly service in Japan. The willingness to serve in Japan is however not only due to strong competition, but also a result of the awareness of the vertical structure of society. The Japanese language has many expressions which reveal thinking in vertical categories, for example when there is talk of first-rate enterprises, second-rate enterprises, first-and second-rate countries and the “No.1 in the world”. Such expressions are contrary to European horizontal thinking, and Europeans are very sensitive about being fitted into a vertical order of rank. Different cultures and their phenomena cannot simply be judged as being “good” or “bad”. It is not possible to do justice to an attitude determined by one culture by measuring it with the yardstick of another culture. Beyond that, it is of course necessary to adapt to the way of thinking and acting in a different culture, if you want to do business there. The old saying “When in Rome do as the Romans do” is still valid. The policy of Japanese enterprises in Europe, “Think global, act local”, serves the same purpose. 16. From the passage we know that business performance _. A. depends entirely on cultural differences B. has little to do with cultural differencesC. is deeply rooted in cultural differencesD. is closely related to cultural differences 17. According to the author good business relations in Japan depend on _.A. good contracts B. personal relations C. legal considerations D. administrative guidance18. Personal relationships in Europe are based on _. A. hospitality B. presents C. go-betweens D. law19. Co-operation between the government and enterprises in Japan is strong because _. A. it is rooted in traditional values B. it is demanded by the government C. it is required by law D. it is based on mutual support 20. In Japan customers are treated as kings most probably because _. A.good service is guaranteed by law B. Japan has a long history of monarchy C. everyone is conscious of equalityD. every business tries to be No. 1 in their field Task 2 A language belongs to a group of people and a word or saying means what the speech community has made it mean. So the language is based on agreements, and the agreements are in many cases different between Standard American English (SAE) and Standard British English (SBE). American English has a strong influence all over the world. We Finns study SBE at school but at the same time we pick up American words from TV. Sometimes the British words and phrases can stay so unfamiliar that they cause funny coincidences like these from my own life: “I have to leave ten to five because well have our tea at five,” told Steven. (He was from next door and the first visitor in our house in England after our arrival.) “Do you really like drinking tea?” I asked (knowing that Finnish children usually hate tea). “Oh no, I always take juice,” replied Steven. “But your parents will drink tea?” “No, they prefer milk,” he said. My illusion about “five oclock tea” collapsed that day. I realized that tea in England does not necessarily mean a hot drink. Tea very often is a proper dinner with potatoes, meat or fish, beans, etc. The native speaker may feel that there is not just one word but two different words: tea = dinner / tea = hot drink. “Please, give me a ring after your journey,” asked Dawn. “A ring? Why, you dont mean you want me to marry you, do you?” I wondered. Again a word means what the community has made it mean. An American would call her / him up but an Englishman will give her / him a ring. It is possible that people in the US are more creative in finding new utterances. The reason is that they are more accustomed to foreign influences when the Britons have been living more isolated in their Isles. Anyway SBE has not rejected such coinages as Hoover (vacuum cleaner), Xerox (photocopier) and Aspirin (pain-killer). English people are very economical; they dont even waste letters. The concept PE (physical education) is a good example of this. During my stay in North Lincolnshire I never heard the word rubber boot. Where an American has rubber boots an Englishman puts on wellies. I was told that the word “welly” came from well-known Lord Wellington who was famous for using green waterproof boots. A compound which affected and delighted me very much in England was “car-boot-sale”. In speech it is often abbreviated to “car-boot” and everybody (the language is based on agreements) knows from the context that the person is talking about an open air flea market, where ordinary people try to get rid of their old belongings. The word car-boot-sale is very figurative (if the listener knows that the boot in SBE means the trunk) because people sell their things straight from the boots. The language is changing hand in hand with the development of the society. Words like floppy disk, network or printer did not exist in the vocabulary some decades ago. Now they are common and some words of the new lexicon are mixed into Finnish (disketti, printteri) and many other languages, too. For a language learner, it would be much easier if the differences between SAE and SBE would diminish. I think there is a good prospect of change in that direction. The media, e.g. the satellite channels and the Internet, are an extremely powerful tool in uniting English (and mixing it into many other languages around the world). 21. According to the author, the meaning of a word or expression _. A. depends on what is learnt in school B. varies from community to community that uses it C. is handed down from generation to generation D. remains unchanged no matter who uses it22. The word “ring” in “give somebody a ring” might be open to misunderstanding because it also means _. A. a circle B. sound from a bell C. a wedding ring D. a free gift 23. The author says there are more coinages in SAE than in SBE because _. A. Americans are fond of creating new words B. British are economical with their language C. British are more likely affected by people from outside D. Americans are more open-minded to other cultures24. In British English the word “wellies” is used to refer to _. A. Lord Wellington B. Lincolnshire customs C. rubber boots D. green waterproof boots 25. The open air flea market has come to be known as car-boot-sale because _. A. people sell straight from the car-boots in the market B. the sellers wear waterproof boots in the market C. people sell their second-hand cars in the market D. the sellers sit in the car-boot when in the market Task 3 Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agriculture chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem. There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be lessened. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes prior to disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents (废料) , to permit the reuse of the water or best reduce pollution upon final disposal. A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient (养料 ) or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste production into marketable byproducts. Other industries have potential economic uses for their waste products.26. The purpose of this passage is_.A) to warn the reader of the dwindling water supplyB) to explain industrial uses of waterC) to acquaint the reader with water pollution problemsD) to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem 27. Which of the following points is not included in the passage?A) Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processes.B) Diluting wastes needs certain amount of water.C) Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.D) Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals. 28. The reader can conclude that_.A) countries of the world will work together on pollution problemsB) byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplaceC) science is making great progress on increasing water suppliesD) some industries are now making economic use of wastes29. The author gives substance to the passage through the use of_.A) interviews with authorities in the field of water controlsB) opinion and personal observationsC) definitions which clarify important termsD) strong argument and persuasions30. The words prior to (Para. 2) probably mean_.A) after B) during C) before D) beyondTask 4 Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time for which the eyes stop -the duration of the fixation -varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness. Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading,