初中-定语从句考点最全讲解练习及答案.ppt

定语从句 定语从句 啥叫定语 修饰方式也啥叫从句啥叫定语从句 定语可以由形容词 代词 数词 名词 分词 不定式 介词短语等来担任 修饰名词 以分词 介词短语为例 例 Maryisabeautifulgirl ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk 拆分法 拆分法 拆 找 合 一个戴眼镜的女孩在上课拆 拆成有同一个字的两个句子 一个女孩在上课 这个女孩戴眼镜 找 找同一字翻译句子thegirlishavingclass thegirlwearsglasses根据特殊疑问句的知识 在第二句找出特殊疑问词thegirlwearsglasses who合 把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去Thegirlwhowearsglassesishavingclass 拆分法学定语从句 这个戴眼镜的学生在吃饭拆 拆成有两个同一词的两个句子这个学生在吃饭 这个学生戴眼镜Thestudentishavingdinner thestudentwearsglasses找 thestudentwearsglasses who合 Thestudentwhowearsglassesishavingdinner我们用我05年买的电脑拆 Weusethecomputer Iboughtthecomputerin2005 找 Iboughtthecomputerin2005 which合 Weusethecomputerwhich that 不填Iboughtin2005 我在街上遇到了这个我以前在上海交的朋友1我在街上遇到了这个朋友 2我以前在上海交朋友Imetthefriendonthestreet ImadethefriendinShanghai Who WhomImadeinShanghai ImetthefriendwhoImadeinShanghaionthestreet Jointwosentencesintoone Theboyismybrother Hehelpedme 1 Theboywhohelpedmeismybrother Thefilmisinteresting Theysawitlastnight 2 Thefilmtheysawlastnightisinteresting Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam Theydon tworkhard 3 Thestudentswhodon tworkhardwillnotpasstheexam 定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句 定语从句所修饰的名 代 词叫作先行词 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面 1 Thestudents whodon tstudyhard willnotpass先行词定语从句theexam 主句 Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam 2 Thewoman whomyousawinthepark isour先行词定语从句Englishteacher 主句 ThewomanisourEnglishteacher 从句的主语 you 从句的宾语 whom 3 Ashoeshopisashop whichsellsshoes 主句 Ashoeshopisashop 从句的主语 which 4 Thebook thatyouwant isonthedesk 主句从句的主语 从句的宾语 Thebookisonthedesk you that 引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that which whowhom等 关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间 起连接作用 同时又作定语从句的一个成份 Theman that whotoldusafunnystory isinthenextroom 主语 Ilostthebook that which yougaveme 宾语 归纳 that 即指人又指物 作主语或宾语 which 指物 作主语或宾语 who whom指人 who作主语 whom作宾语 that which whom在定语从句中作宾语时 可省去 1 Aplaneisamachine canfly 2 Thecar myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen 3 Thestudents don tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam 4 Thewoman yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher 5 Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks interestedhimgreatlyintheschool which that which that who that whom that that 判断下列引导词在句中的用法 Eg 1 Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie 2 Heisthemodelworkerwhom whoweshouldlearnfrom 3 Adictionaryisabookwhichoftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords 4 ThisisthefilmwhichIlikebest 5 Theboywhosefatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends 指代 所作成分 是否可省略 1 Thatbookthatyouwantitisonthedesk 2 Isthisfactorythatwevisitedlastweek theone Thisfactoryistheonethatwevisitedlastweek 3 Heisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking for 4 ThepersontowhomyoutalkedisLily ThepersonwhomyoutalkedtoisLily 归纳 1定语从句要避免成分重复2定语从句要避免漏用先行词3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中可以 何时可以省略 做宾语时可以省略 第三部分 that问题 关系代词which和that的区别 A 关系代词必须用that的情形 ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen Thefirstmanarrivedattheclasswasourheadteacher ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday ThisistheverybookthatI mlookingfor IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation 有些情况下只用关系词that 而不宜用which 定语从句中需注意事项 一 从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 只能用that引导从句 Thisisthemostinterestingstory that Ihaveeverheard Thefirstmeeting that wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon 2 先行词是all something nothing anything不定代词时 只能用that Hereissomething that Iwilltellyou Notallthatglittersisgold 先行词既有人也有物时 只能用that引出从句Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures that Isee 先行词是oneof theone 或用much little few no any作修饰 用thatIsittheonethatyouwant Wehaven tgotmuchthatyoucanofferus 当主句已有疑问词who或which时 关系词用thatWhichisthebikethatyoulost Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting Summarize 只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况 1 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时 2 先行词被theonly thevery thesame thelast修饰时 3 先行词是不定代词all few little much something nothing anything等 4 先行词被all any every each few little no some等修饰 5 先行词既有人又有物时 B 指物时 作介词的宾语 关系代词只能用which Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe vehadsomuchdiscussion Fillinthegaps 1 Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle wereinthefields 2 Thewindblewdownthetallesttree isinfrontofourschoolgate 3 Thisistheverything Iwaslookingfor 4 Thisisthesecondnovel Ihaveeverread 5 Thereisnothingintheworld canfrightenme 6 Whoistheman isreadingunderthetree 7 Myhometownisnotthesameone itusedtobetwentyyearsago that that that that that that that Correctthefollowingsentences 1 ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen 2 That sallwhichwanttosay ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen That sallthatIwanttosay 3 Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop 4 Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbookswhich whowereunknowntousall 5 Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone Corrections 1 Themanjustsaidhellotomeismychemistryteacher who 2 Whoisthecomradeyoujustshookhandswithhim 3 Egyptisacountrywhereisfamousforitspyramids wherewhich 4 ThisisthebestdictionarywhichIhaveeverused whichthat 5 Thehousewhereweliveinisnotverylarge wherewhich that 6 Thehousethatitwasbuiltin1970stayedupintheearthquake 第四部分 介词问题 介词 关系代词 即 介词 whom which 引导定语从句应注意 1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A 与先行词的搭配关系1 Iwillneverforgettheday Ijoinedthearmy 2 Iwillneverforgetthedays Iworkedintheschool 3 Iwillneverforgettheyear mysonwenttocollege 4 Igothomeat7 00p m yesterday mostpeoplehadhadsupper onwhich duringwhich inwhich bywhich B 与谓语动词的搭配习惯1 Haveyoufoundthebook Ipaid29USdollars 2 Haveyoufoundthebook Ispent29USdollars 3 Haveyoufoundthebook welearntalot 4 Haveyoufoundthebook sheoftentalks forwhich onwhich fromwhich aboutwhich 2 介词 whom which 与 whom which that 介词 的转换 1 Thechaironwhichsheissittingismadeofwood Thechair which that sheissittingonismadeofwood 2 Isthisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor 介词for不能与look分开 3 way作先行词1 Theway inwhich that helooksattheproblemsiswrong Whose的用法 例 我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方拆 Iliketovisitaplace Theplace shistoryislong 概念颠覆 Hisbook whosebook Tom sbook whosebookTheplace shistory whosehistory找 Theplace shistoryislong whose合 Iliketovisitaplacewhosehistoryislong 例 DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary 例 Passmethedictionaryofwhichcoverisblack 总结 whose引导的定语从句 whose在从句中作定语 修饰表示人或物的先行词 对物可用whose ofwhich两种 4 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时 用介词of 有时可用whose转换 1 Thereare100teachersinourschool 60arewomenteachers 2 Hehasthreechildren two workasteachers 3 Thattablehasfourlegs all areveryshort 4 I mpaintingahouse theroof isround I mpaintingahousewhoseroofis 5 Theyliveinahouse windowsfacesouth Theyliveinahouse thewindows facesouth ofwhom ofwhom ofwhich ofwhich whose ofwhich 用介词 关系代词填空1Theboywasstayingintheroom windowhecouldclimbdown 2 He stheman Ilearntthenews 3 Who sthecomrade youjustshookhands 4 Thereare52studentsinourclass nearly40areLeaguemembers 5 Iknowaladythehusband isaNobelPrizewinner 6 Doyouknowthedriverwhocausedthetrafficaccident amanwaskilled 7 Thisistheway shestudiesEnglish throughwhose fromwhom withwhom ofwhom ofwhom inwhich inwhich 8 The5yuan heboughtthebookwasgivenbyhisfriend 9 ThestoryaboutShakespeare thisisoneexample iswellwritten 10 Theoldmanalwayswearshisglasses hecan tseeanything 11 Thekey shewasopeningthedoorbroke 12 Thelibrary weoftengoonSundaysisnotfarfromourschool 13 Nooneknowthereason sheisleavingsoearly 14 Atlasttheycametoariver anewbridgeisbeingbuilt forwhich ofwhich without which withwhich towhich forwhich overwhich 关系代词引导的定语从句 Completethefollowingsentences 1 Isthistheschool youvisitedlastyear Isthisschool youvisitedlastyear 2 Heisoneofthestudentswho goodatmaths Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho goodatmaths 3 Thegirl Ithinkwashonestliedtome Thegirl Ithinktobehonestliedtome 4 Chinaisnolonger shewas10yearsago Chinaisnolongerthecountry shewas10yearsago that which theone are is who whom what that 5 TheradioIboughtyesterdayisquitedifferentfrom youboughtlastmonth TheradioIboughtyesterdayisquitedifferentfrom youboughtlastmonth 6 Doyoustillrememberthehotel welivedlastsummerholiday Doyoustillrememberthepark wevisitedlastsummerholiday 7 Thisistheroom mygrandmotherusedtolivedin Thisistheroom mygrandmotherusedtolived theone what inwhich that which which that inwhich 8 Hehastwosons andbothof workasactors Hehastwosons bothof workasactors 9 Chinahashundredsofislands Taiwanisthelargest Chinahashundredsofislands thelargest isTaiwan 10 Thisisthehouse thewindowwasbrokenyesterday Thisisthehouse windowwasbrokenyesterday 11 Heistheteacher helpwehavemadegreatprogress them whom ofwhich of which ofwhich whose withwhose 第五部分 关系副词 附加部分 关系副词 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的 它和关系代词一样 具有多重作用 在从句中代替先行词 在从句中作状语 连接作用 关系副词有三种 where 在从句中作地点状语 指代地点 when 在从句中作时间状语 指代时间 why 在从句中作原因状语 指代原因 关系副词的用法 1 where的用法 先行词应是地点名词 Thehotelwasn tclean Westayed atthehotel Westayed where 先行词 关系词 从句 Thehotelwherewestayedwasn tclean 时间状语when 例 我总是记得我们相遇的那一天拆 我总是记得那一天 我们相遇在那一天 Ialwaysremembertheday Wemetontheday 找 ontheday when合 Ialwaysrememberthedaywhenwemet 原因状语why 固定句型thereasonwhy 例 这就是你总是迟到的原因 Thisisthereasonwhyyouarelate 例 这就是我邀请你参加晚会的原因 ThisisthereasonwhyIinviteyoutotakepartintheparty 关系副词when where why的用法 1 Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether 2 Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatheronceworked 3 Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslate Summarize 在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which 在从句中作状语 When in at on which Where in at on which Why for which Fillintheblanks 1 Istillremembertheday wespentintheforest 2 Istillremembertheday IfirstcametoBeijing 3 Thefactory wewillvisitislarge 4 Thefactory hisfatherworksislarge 5 I llneverforgetthetime weworkonthefarm 6 Thisisthehouse welivedlastyear that which when onwhich that which where when atwhich where inwhich 归纳 关系副词when指时间 关系副词where指地点 在定语从句中作状语 即使先行词是时间地点 若作从句中的宾语 只能用关系代词that which Practice 1 IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek Isthatthereason youhadafewdaysoff A whyB whenC whatD where2 I mgoingtovisittheschool mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago A whereB thatC whichD what3 Doyoustillremembertheday IfirstcametoBeijing A whichB thatC whenD where A A C 第六部分 中考真题 1Friendsarethosemakeyousmile alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed A whichB whatC whomD who2It squitecommoninBritaintosay Thankyou tothedriversforpeoplegetoffthebus A whoB whatC whichD where3 Barbara wheredoyouwork Iworkforacompanysellscars A whichB whereC whatD who4 DoyouknowHongZhanhui Yes He sthecollegestudenthasmovedChinesepeople A whoB whichC whatD whom 5Jamieisayoungcookwantstoimproveschooldinners A whoB whoseC whomD which6 Doyouknowthegirlinredis I mnotsure Maybeateacher A whenB howC whereD what7Paul suncleisthemantaughtusmathlastyear A whereB whichC whoD when8ThewholeworldisfightingagainsttheH1N1 adiseasehascausedmanydeaths A whoB whichC whomD what 9Isthatthemanhelpedusalotaftertheearthquake A whoseB whichC whenD who10 ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren isn tit Yes ithasbuiltmanyschoolsthosechildrencanstudyhappily A whereB whenC whichD what11ThepandaisakindofanimalcanbefoundonlyinChina A whoB whoseC whichD where12 havefinishedtheworkcanleave A ThosewhoB AnyoneC TheonewhoD which 13IlikethemusicIcandanceto A thatB whoseC whenD how14 Isthegirlisinterviewingthemanagerofthatcompanyyourfriend Yes sheisajournalistfromCCTV A whomB whichC whoD whose15Iliketovisitaplacehistoryislong A whichB thatC whoseD who16ThenumberofpeoplelosttheirlivesinIndonesianearthquakereachedasmanyas6200 A whichB whoC whomD whose 17arobotisamachinecandosomedifficultworkinsteadofman A whoB C thatD what18 Excuseme canIhaveatalkwithyourmanager Yes Iamjustthemanyouarelookingfor A whoseB whatC whoD which19Rosalikesmusicisquietandgentle A whenB thatC whereD who20Thebookheboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting A B whyC whenD what