论文---中美家庭教育的差异.doc

ContentsAbstract.1Key words.11. The Comparison of Results.22. The Comparison of Process.42.1 Purposes.4 2.2Contents.62.3 Methods.92.3.1 Different Manifestation.92.3.2 Different Advocacy.103. The Cause of Difference.123.1 Historical Background.123.2 Economic Form.123.3 Social Conditions .133.4 Cultural Traditions.143.4.1 Value Orientation.143.4.2 Thinking Styles.15Conclusion16References.17Comparison between American and Chinese Family EducationAbstract: Family education refers to a kind of social activities, which parents (mainly refer to the family members of adults) consciously cultivate peoples requirements, according to certain Classes of Society, through their own social practice to give children some effects of education. Most of time children live at home. Parents are their first teachers and the family is the first school .So the family education is the foundation of the childs growth and development. It is the childs bridge toward society. The family educations directly relate to the cultivation of talents quality .Now, media reveal more and more examples of the failure in family education, more and more shocking. How can we get out of the misunderstanding of family education, or further improve our family education? By comparing, this paper points out the different family education between China and America, mainly on aspects of family educations aim, contents and methods. After comparison, this paper interprets the reasons of these differences. At last, the paper puts forward some advices for Chinese family education. From the simple comparison of family education between China and America, it may provide some reference for our parents.Key words: family education, comparison, America, China中美家庭教育制度的比较摘要：家庭教育是一种社会活动。它是指父母（主要是指成年的家庭成员）按照一定的社会阶级，通过自己的社会实践给孩子一些影响，有意识地培养人们需求的人才。孩子的大多数时间多呆在家中。父母是他们的第一任教师，家庭则是他们的第一所学校。所以，家庭教育是孩子成长和发展的基础，也是他们走向社会的桥梁。家庭教育直接关系到人才培养的质量。现在，媒体披露了越来越多家庭教育失败的案例，而这也越发触目惊心。我们怎样才能走出家庭教育的误区，或者进一步提高家庭教育的水平？通过比较，本文首先指出中美家庭教育的不同之处，主要是从家庭教育的目的、内容和方法几个方面。比较之后，文章阐述了这些差异的成因。最后，此文给中国的家庭教育提出了一些建议。通过中美家庭教育制度的简单比较，它也许能为我们的父母提供一些借鉴。关键词：家庭教育，比较，美国，中国Nowadays, international competition is increasing, and this competition is the competition of high quality and talents training in essence. Social development needs high qualified talents and good family education is the key point to the high qualified talents. So, in a sense, the competition of talents is the competition of parents ability to cultivate their children. In the education projects of training new century talents in the world, all the countries put family education in a very important position. Although family education now attracts social circle attention in our country, especially educational circles attention, Chinese family education still has a lot of problems and even becomes a disease. It has a great influence on becoming favorable quality of teenagers. We take advantage of other countries valuable experiences in family education, so that we can have a good enlightenment and warning and get rid of the wrong thing. We may look at the Western countries headed by the United States family educational condition. We cant declare that the one who cultivates in the American family is ideal modern person, but the sensible part of their countrys family education is what we lack. So some of fragment in American family education are worth our consider revising. Therefore, it is necessary to make a comparison between China and America, so that we can perfect our education in China family.1. The Comparison of Results Different aims, different contents and different methods can come aboutdifferent results. We could see some of them the results of comparison between Chinese and American family education. In general, Americas children show the following characteristic: personality actively, failing to calm, bold, dare, open, and bright. They have the perseverance to overcome difficulties, have innovative spirit and have confidence and courage in society .They also can live in harmony with others. At 18 years old, they dont depend on family, most making their own allowance for consumptions needs, and have adapted to the market economy in mind. They are involved in conducting financial translations, learning some marketing and customer communication ability. So that they know that money is not easily earned, thus form the habit of thrift. In a word, American childrens characteristic is non-intelligent factors in the mature. Their ability is strong. They can adapt to society smoothly. Chinese youth or even college student show negative tendencies in character: passive, shy and dependent. Although some of them learning achievements are better than American children, they have poor interpersonal skills and lack independent living ability. Chinese children with these individual character and characteristic, that is because china tend to exam-orientededucation and have great relevance. Parents want their children to hide in the school read hardly and dont let them suffer from the changeable winds in society. In short, Chinese children are lack of the ability to adapt to society. What kind of educationresults is more receptive in modern society? The power of social development is the peoples initiative and creativity, requiring human full emancipation. With the progress of human civilizations, human will be increasingly concerned about human development and peoples ability of development. Obviously, American family education can cultivate individuality, creativity and the viability of the people, while the Chinese family education is to behave read, the so-called talent. The Chinese families cooperate with school in exam-oriented education. This kind of education results will seriously affect the physical and mental quality of teenagers in china. Therefore, the Chinese family education reform brooks no delay.2. The Comparison of Process Form the results of family education, we can see the process. Although the family education is non-institutionalized, uneven quality of parents, it is still an important part of the education system. The school education has the certain purpose, contents and methods, while the contents and methods of family education are based on purpose.2.1 PurposesThe purpose of family education restricts its direction and decides overall effect. Family educations purpose is the core of Chinese and American family education .It is the basic reason of the difference between China and America. The purpose of family education is through family education to cultivate educated into what kind of person. Once the purpose is identified, the selection of contents and methods according to it. Whats the difference of American and Chinese family education purpose? The United States purpose of family education is to cultivatea child into a person who can adapt to the environment and have the independent ability, which is social person. Their expectations for this purpose are not high. Social personisnt a distant ideal, and it is simple and easy to operate. So the parents of United States can easily treat childrens education .In the circumstances, the childrens personality of active components are dug out maximally. This let children realize their own value. Even if they serve the purpose, they dont pursue some utilitarian objects, such as higher education and occupation. But as a matter of fact, such education has many unexpected effect, genius producing inadvertently. In addition, under the guidance of this objective, it indeed cultivates their childrens self-awareness and the ability to live independently. Have a look at various stages of American children: They are independent of sleep; when walking, they are on their own play and very few with parents; even more, they will have their own space and room, the decoration and cleaning of the room all by themselves; they always do everything in their power which is paid, in exchange for cost of living. In contrast, our family educations aim at raising the childrens talent. They hope that their children are successful in the future, have a good occupation and many properties. First of all, their expectation is high and utilitarianism for this purpose. The promise occupation good times are not a general purpose. They are difficult to achieve. For this purpose, Chinese parents concern about their childrens academic success. The only requirement is that children should concentrate on their study. They have neglected the childs talent and limit their creativity in order to cultivate the so-called talent. What they do has many bed effects and kills a lot of genius. They seldom consider the childs personality, ability to adapt to society and citizens consciousness etc. Even if the child has a good academic performance, he will not be able to successfully have a foothold community. Sometimes, the expectations of parents are completely in vain.2.2 ContentsWith what kind of educational objectives, there will be having what kind of educational contents.American family educations content is very rich. They pay attention to children in the physical, cognitive language, social and emotional development, which can think as a quality education. In the physical enhancement, they care about childrens outdoor activities and physical exercise, such as playing on the swing in the garden and outdoor excursions. In cognitive development, parents pay attention to train childrens various senses, aesthetic view and learning interests, for instance, borrowing books from the library for their childrens study. About language, parents let the environment influence them and germinate their learning desire. In the social culture, they think that children need to be educated on doing their own thing and learn cooperation with peer. In cultivating emotion, they guide the children to appreciate music, dance, literature and art beauty, for example, taking children to the museum, encouraging children to participate in art activities or taking children to experience the mysteries of nature.The content of Chinese family education also can bedivided into several parts: virtue, wisdom, beauty and body. When the child is old enough to enter the school (some even during the preschool period), it will start the intellectual education. This make the educations content unbalanced. In physical education, Chinese family gives the necessary nutrition on their child in order to ensure childrens growth. They pay attention to the prevention and treatment of diseases. Compared with the United States, this kind of education is defensive, static and passive protection. The intellectual education is like that they impart the knowledge and skill to children, such as purchase a lot of books for a child, train childrens reading, writing and computer skills. When the child goes to school, the family education orients the way to the needs of school education. Parents supervise their children doing the homework and check it, so that children must cope with many exercises and endless exams. More and more parents realize the importance of arts, but they neglect childrens interests. They send their children to different training class, for instance, a drawing class or dancing class. Sometimes, they will hire tutors to teach their children. But this kind of education not only spends a lot of time and money, but increases their childrens burden.By contrast, American family education is relatively abundant and rational, and our family education is narrow and not enough scientific. Chinese parents tend to concern more about childrens figure, nutrient and the prevention of disease, but they overlook the childrens physical training and exercise. So most of Chinese children like to stay at home and watch TV. At the same time, Chinese family educations ignore childrens practical ability and life skills. But American family education pays special attention to these skills. In their view, these skills are basic social ability. American parents also respect childrens multiple interests. When the children go home after school, Chinese parents often ask their child: Today, do you remember what the teacher teaches you? How many points you get this exam? While American parents ask: Whats the problem you ask the teacher today? Is todays lesson interesting? All these reflect American and Chinese parents different understanding of intelligence.2.3 MethodsParents need the specific measures to complete the content of family education. If they choose different kinds of mode, it will have different kinds of results.A nations cultural traditions, historic background and styles have closely contact with education and are restrained by the purpose of education. So it is good to complete the goals and contents of family education with correct choice and creative application. In the American family, equal rights are often exercised between the husband and wife when they make a decision. The children also have rights to express their ideas in family affairs when they are old enough. Parents respect their childrens personality and human rights, while Chinese family education is lack of democracy and equality. Under the circumstance, children must obey their parents orders. 2.3.1 Different Manifestation American family democracy education manifests itself in: 1) They areoften allowed to do things independently. Parents do not interfere in what they wish to do, and children are encouraged to be independent at an early age.2) A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children can do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence.3) Marriage is a matter of individual responsibility and decision for the young. They have their own right to deal with their marriages and independent of their parents. Young people can get married with each other even if they have different religious beliefs or backgrounds. Chinese family educations method reflects itself in: 1) Children have little right to speak about family affairs. They also have little choice to do the things they like. Parents request their children well-behaved and obey orders.2) Children are instructed to feel a lifelong obligation to their parents. When they make choices about work, they always make their decisions together with their families. Generally speaking, they cant make major life decisions by themselves.3) Parents often arrange marriages for their children, and children usually ask permission of their parents to get married. Childrens decisions are made based on what their family want them to do and their achievement are mainly for their families. 2.3.2 Different Advocacy American parents advocate open education ：1）They emphasize on cultivating childrens practical training, rather than preaching Americans think. They let their child to finish the task in the process of raising awareness. This can enhance childrens self-confidence and sense of responsibility. We can say, American parents give children the key to open the door instead of open the doorfor the children.2) American think that playing is the most important thing of childrens age. In the United States, children are interested in activities. Sports time is quite abundant. Parents oftenmake use of holidays and lead children to go out to play. Chinese parents education is closed: 1) Chinese parents preach Chinese thinking primarily. The parents request their children reading, writing and even doing everything in childrens power about study. Childrens activities are arranged by their parents.2) Childrens outdoor activities are not abundant. They are busy finishing the endless homework from morning to night. Sometimes, they can hardly find a good venue to relax when they want. Democratic education manifests itself as a liberal education and has many advantages. First, it is conducive to cultivate the spirit of innovation. Loose education is the important conditions to inspire childrens creativity. Under the high pressure, childrens creative spirit will be suppressed. Only in the peaceful, joyful family atmosphere, their interests in knowledge can be stimulated. If parents want to create a relaxed environment, they must establish a democratic and equal relationship with their children. Secondly, it is good for cultivating childrens healthy personality. The child their d has the right to speak in the family, and then they will participate in authority and enhance initiative option and independent consciousness. In addition, if the relationship is harmonious, children are willing to tell their parents about their minds, so parents can understand their emotional words, which can enable children to form a good character.3. The Cause of Difference In modern society, parents play an important role in family education. Why Chinese and American family education has so many differences? The fo