API RP 17A-2022 海底生产系统的设计和操作-一般要求和建议

DesignandOperationofSubsea

ProductionSystems—General

RequirementsandRecommendations

APIRECOMMENDEDPRACTICE17ASIXTHEDITION,MAY2022

American

PetroleumInstitute

i

SpecialNotes

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Copyright◎2022AmericanPetroleumInstitute

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Foreword

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Contents

Page

1Scope 1

2NormativeReferences 1

3Terms,Definitions,Acronyms,andAbbreviations 2

3.1TermsandDefintions 2

3.2AcronymsandAbbreviations 3

4SubseaProductionSystems 5

4.1General 5

4.2SystemConfiguration 5

4.3OverviewofAPI17-seriesDocumentsbyCategories 5

5SystemsEngineering 9

5.1Genera 9

5.2SystemsEngineeringProces 10

5.3SubseaSystemProductionAssuranceandReliabilityManagement 11

6EquipmentDesignRequirements 11

6.1DesignBasis 11

6.2Safety 12

6.3BarrierandlsolationConsiderations 13

6.4Materials 16

6.5StructuralAnalysis 16

6.6Pumps,Piping,andValves 17

6.7DroppedObjectsandFishingGearLoads 18

6.8LitingComponents,Padeyes,andUnpressurizedStructuralComponents 18

6.9ColorsandMarking 18

6.10ToleranceEvaluation 18

6.11DesignforInstallation 19

6.12EnvironmentalConsiderations 19

6.13EvaluationofSubseaPressureTestingLimitations 19

6.14DesignforIntervention 20

7TechnologyManagementGuidance 20

7.1TechnologyDevelopmentandQualification 20

7.2ObsolescenceManagemen 21

8Manufacture,Assembly,Testing,Installation,andCommissioningGuidance 2

8.1Manufacture 22

8.2Assembly 22

8.3Testing 23

8.4Transportation,Preservation,andStorage 24

8.5Load-outandInstallation 25

8.6Commissioning/SystemsCompletion 26

9OperationsGuidance 26

9.1IntegrityManagement 26

9.2ProductionManagement 27

10WelnterventionGuidance 28

Contents

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Page

11DecommissioningGuidance 28

AnnexA(informative)GenericTermsforUseinAPI17-seriesDocuments 30

AnnexB(informative)SystemsEngineeringProcesses 40

Bibliography 42

Figures

1BasicSubseaSystems 5

B.1TheNASASystemsEngineeringEngine 41

1

DesignandOperationofSubseaProductionSystems—GeneralRequirementsandRecommendations

1Scope

API17Aprovidesgeneralrequirementsandrecommendationsforthedevelopmentandoperationofsubseaproduction/injectionsystems,fromtheconceptdevelopmentphasetodecommissioningandabandonment.ThisdocumentreferencesotherAPI17-seriesdocuments,aswellasvariousrelevantindustrydocuments.

Acompletesubseaproduction/injectionsystemcomprisesseveralsubsystemsnecessarytoproducehydrocarbonsfromoneormoresubseawellsandtransferthemtoaprocessing/hostfacilitylocatedoffshore(fixed,floating,orsubsea)oronshore,ortoinjectwater/gasviasubseafacilitiesand/orwells(asshowninFigure1).

NOTETheterm"subseaproductionsystem"isusedgenericallythroughoutthisdocumenttodescribebothproductionandinjectionsystems.

FlexiblepipestandardsformpartoftheAPI17-seriesofdocuments(see4.3.3);however,RP17Adoesnotgenerallycoverflowlines/pipelinesorproduction/injectionrisers(associatedwithflowlines/pipelines).ThesecomponentsformpartofacompleteSubseaProductionSystem(SPS),asshowninFigure1.

lfrequirementsasstatedinthisdocumentareinconflictwith,orareinconsistentwith,requirementsasstatedinotherAPI17-seriesdocuments,thespecificrequirementsinthesubsystemseriesdocument(s)takeprecedence.

2NormativeReferences

Thefollowingreferenceddocumentsareindispensablefortheapplicationofthisdocument.Fordatedreferencesonlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.

APIRecommendedPractice17B,RecommendedPracticeforFlexiblePipe

APISpecification17D,DesignandOperationofSubseaProductionSystems-SubseaWellheadandTreeEquipment

APISpecification17E,SpecificationforSubseaUmbilicals

APIStandard17F,StandardforSubseaProductionControlSystems

APIStandard17G,DesignandManufactureofSubseaWellInterventionSystems

APIRecommendedPractice17G3,DesignofSubseaWellInterventionSystemsUsingNon-FerrousAlloys

APIRecommendedPractice17G5,InterventionWorkoverControlSystems(IWOCS)

APIRecommendedPractice17H,RemotelyOperatedToolsandInterfacesonSubseaProductionSystemsAPISpecification17J,SpecificationforUnbondedFlexiblePipe

APISpecification17K,SpecificationforBondedFlexiblePipe

APISpecification17L1,SpecificationforFlexiblePipeAncillaryEquipment

APIRecommendedPractice17L2,RecommendedPracticeforFlexiblePipeAncillaryEquipment

2APLRECOMMENDEDPRAGTICE17A

APIRecommendedPractice17N,RecommendedPracticeforSubseaProductionSystemReliabilityandTechnicalRiskManagement

APIStandard170,StandardforSubseaHighIntegrityPressureProtectionSystems(HIPPS)

APIRecommendedPractice17P,DesignandOperationofSubseaProductionSystems—SubseaStructuresandManifolds

APIRecommendedPractice17Q,RecommendedPracticeonSubseaEquipmentQualification

APIRecommendedPractice17R,RecommendedPracticeforFlowlineConnectorsandJumpers

APIRecommendedPractice17S,RecommendedPracticefortheDesign,Testing,andOperationofSubseaMultiphaseFlowMeters

APIRecommendedPractice17U,RecommendedPracticeforWetandDryThermalInsulationofSubseaFlowlinesandEquipment

APIRecommendedPractice17V,RecommendedPracticeforAnalysis,Design,Installation,andTestingofSafetySystemsforSubseaApplications

APIRecommendedPractice17W,RecommendedPracticeforSubseaCappingStacks

APIRecommendedPractice17X,RecommendedPracticeforSubseaPumpModuleSystems

APISpecificationQ1,SpecificationforQualityManagementSystemRequirementsforManufacturingOrganizationsforthePetroleumandNaturalGasIndustry

APISpecificationQ2,SpecificationforQualityManagementSystemRequirementsforServiceSupplyOrganizationsforthePetroleumandNaturalGasIndustries

3Terms,Definitions,Acronyms,andAbbreviations

3.1TermsandDefinitions

Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingdefinitionsapply.

3.1.1

barrier

Elementformingpartofapressure-containingenvelopethatisdesignedtopreventunintentionalflowofproduction/injectedfluids,particularlytotheexternalenvironment.

3.1.2

extendedfactoryacceptancetest

EFAT

Test(s)conductedtoverifythatthespecifiedrequirements,forasetofinterfacingproducts,havebeenfulfilled.RefertoAnnexAforexamples

3.1.3

factoryacceptancetest

FAT

Test(s)conductedtoverifythatthespecifiedrequirementsforaproduct,havebeenfulfilled.RefertoAnnexAforexamples.

DESIGNANDOPERATONOESuBSEAPROouCTIONSYSTEMS-GENERALREOUIREMENTSANDRECOMMENDATIONS3

3.1.4

high-pressure/high-temperature

HPHT

Anyenvironmentabove15,000psi(103.5MPa)workingpressureand/oroperatingabove350F(177℃).

3.1.5

interchangeabilitytest

ICT

Atest(s)conductedtoverifytheinterchangeabilityrequirementsof"identical"products(includingproductsoflikedesign,withrespecttotherelevantinterface(s)),whichmaybeinterfacedwithothermatingproductsattheinstallationsite,havebeenfulfilled.RefertoAnnexAforexamples.

3.1.6

lifecycle

Aseriesofidentifiablestagesthroughwhichanitemgoes,fromitsconceptiontodisposal.

3.1.7

pre-deploymenttest

Atest(s)conductedtoverifythatthespecifiedrequirements,foraproductthatisreadyfordeployment,arestillfulfilled.RefertoAnnexAforexamples.

3.1.8

sitereceivedtest

SRT

Atest(s)conductedtoverifythatthespecifiedrequirements,foraproductthathasbeentransportedfromonesitetoanother,arestllfulfilled.RefertoAnnexAforexamples.

3.1.9

systemfunctiontest

SFT

Test(s)conductedtovalidatethattherequirementsforaspecificintendeduseorapplication,ofasetofproductsthatforma"complete"functionalsystem,havebeenfulfilled.RefertoAnnexAforexamples.

3.1.10

systemintegrationtest

SIT

Atest(s)conductedtovalidatethattherequirementsforaspecificintendeduseorapplicationofasetofproductsthatformanintegratedsystemhavebeenfulflled.RefertoAnnexAforexamples.

3.1.11

validationtesting

Atest(s)conductedtoconfirmthattherequirementsforaspecificintendeduseorapplicationofaproducthavebeenfulfilled.RefertoAnnexAforexamples.

3.1.12

verificationtesting

Atest(s)conductedtoconfirmthatthespecifiedrequirementsforaproducthavebeenfulfiled.RefertoAnnexAforexamples.

3.2AcronymsandAbbreviations

BOPblowoutpreventer

CRAcorrosion-resistantalloy

C/WOcompletion/workover

EFATextendedfactoryacceptancetest

4APLRECOMMENDEDPRAGTICE17A

EFL

electricalflyinglead

FAT

factoryacceptancetest

FMEA

failuremodesandeffectsanalysis

FMECA

failuremode,effects,andcriticalityanalysis

HAZOP

hazardandoperabilitystudy

HFL

hydraulicflyinglead

HIPPS

highintegritypressureprotectionsystem

HPHT

high-pressure/high-temperature

HPU

hydraulicpowerunit

HSE

health,safety,andenvironment

ICT

interchangeabilitytest

IWOCS

installationworkovercontrolsystem

LRFD

loadandresistancefactoreddesign

MCS

mastercontrolstation

MODU

mobileoffshoredrillingunit

MPFM

multiphaseflowmeter

NORM

naturallyoccurringradioactivematerials

OEM

originalequipmentmanufacturer

OREDA

offshoreandonshorereliabilitydata

PDT

pre-deploymenttest

PLEM

pipelineendmanifold

QRA

quantitativeriskassessment

RAM

reliability,availability,andmaintainability

ROT

remotelyoperatedtool

ROV

remotelyoperatedvehicle

SCM

subseacontrolmodule

SFT

systemfunctiontest

SIT

systemintegrationtest

SRT

sitereceivedtest

SUDU

subseaumbilicaldistributionunit

SUT

subseaumbilicaltermination

TCRT

treecaprunningtool

THRT

tubinghangerrunningtool

TRT

treerunningtool

USV

underwatersafetyvalve

VIV

vortexinducedvibration

WSD

workingstressdesign

DESIGNANDOPERATIONOFSuaSEAPROoUCTIONSYSTEMS—GENERALREQUIREMENTSANDRECOMMENDATIONS5

4SubseaProductionSystems

4.1General

Subseaproductionsystemsrangeincomplexityfromasinglesatelitewelllinkedtoanoffshoreoronshoreinstallationtoseveralwellscomingledinasubseamanifoldproducingtoafixed,floating,oronshorefacility.

Subseaproductionsystemscanbeusedtoproducefromshallow-waterordeepwaterreservoirs.Deepwaterconditionscaninherentlydictatedevelopmentofafieldbymeansofasubseaproductionsystem,sincefixedstructuressuchasasteel-piledjacketmightbeeithertechnicallyinfeasibleoruneconomicalduetothewaterdepth.

Subseaequipmentmaybeusedfortheinjectionofwater/gasintovariousformationsfordisposaland/ortoprovidepressuremaintenancetothereservoir,and/orforgasliftingoperations.

4.2SystemConfiguration

Theelementsofthesubseaproductionorinjectionsystemmaybeconfiguredinnumerousways,asdictatedbythespecificrequirementsandthefielddevelopmentstrategy.Foradescriptionofthevariouscomponentsassemblies,andsubsystemsthatcanbecombinedtoformacompletesubseasystem,refertoAPI17TR13Figure1providesanoverviewofabasicsubseasystemwithreferencestotherelevantAPI17-seriesdocuments

Figure1-BasicSubseaSystems

4.3OverviewofAPI17-seriesDocumentsbyCategories

4.3.1SystemLevelDocuments

Subseadocumentsthataddresssystemrequirementsinclude:

—API17A,RecommendedPracticefortheDesignandOperationofSubseaProductionSystems-

GeneralRequirementsandRecommendations.Providesgeneralrequirementsandrecommendationsfor

6APLRECOMMENDEDPRAGTICE17A

thedevelopmentofsubseaproductionsystems,fromthedesignphasetodecommissioningandabandonment.ThisdocumentalsoprovidesguidancetootherAPI17-seriesandrelateddocuments.

—API17N,RecommendedPracticeforSubseaProductionSystemReliabilityandTechnicalRiskManagement.Reliabilityiscriticaltosubseaproductionsystemdesignandoperation.Thisrecommendedpractice(RP)providesacomprehensiveapproachtohelpensurethatreliabilityneedsareachievedwithsubseasystems.Itisbroadlyreferencedinthedeepwatertechnicalcommunityasafoundationdocumentforaddressingreliability.

—API170,RecommendedPracticeforHighIntegrityPressureProtectionSystems(HIPPS).Thisstandardestablishescriteriaforhighintegritypressureprotectionsystems(HIPPS)thatareseeingincreasedutilizationinindustryasameanstosafelyprovideoverallsystempressurecapabilitywhilerestrictingthesectionthatrequiresfullshut-inpressureratingtoasegmentthatisclosetothesource.

—API17Q,RecommendedPracticeforSubseaEquipmentQualification.ThisRPprovidesguidanceonrelevantqualificationmethodsthatmaybeappliedtofacilitatesubseaprojectexecution.

—API17V,RecommendedPracticeforAnalysis,Design,Installation,andTestingofSafetySystemsforSubseaApplications.ThisRPprovidesacomprehensivetreatmentoftherequirementsforsafetysystemsnecessaryforavarietyofsubseaapplications.

—API17TR5,AvoidanceofBlockagesinSubseaProductionControlandChemicalInjectionSystems.

Inadditiontoaddressingtheavoidanceofblockages,thisreportalsoincludesrequirementsandgivesrecommendationsforthedesignandoperationofsubseaproductionsystemswiththeaimofpreventingblockagesincontrolandproductionchemicalfluidconduitsandassociatedconnectors/fittings.

—API17TR6,AttributesofProductionChemicalsinSubseaProductionSystems.Productionchemicalsdeliveredtoasubseaproductionsystemviaachemicalinjectionsystemcanbecomplexformulationsthathaveawiderangeofchemicalandphysicalproperties.Inservice,theproductionchemicalscancomeintocontactwithotherfluids,metallicandpolymericmaterials,andarangeofphysicalconditionsrelatedtotemperatureandpressure.Thisreportwasdevelopedwiththeobjectiveofminimizingtheriskofaproductionchemicalnotbeingdeliveredattherequiredvolumetricrateduetoinadequatespecificationoftheproductionchemicaldeliverysystemorformationofrestrictionsorblockagesinthatsystem.

—API17TR13,GeneralOverviewofSubseaProductionSystems.Thisdocumentprovidesdescriptionsandbasicdesignguidanceonsubseaproductionsystems.

4.3.2SubseaHardware(Wellheads,Trees,Manifolds,Structures,Connectors,andPumps)

Subseadocumentsthataddressassembledequipmentinclude:

—API17D,SpecificationforSubseaWellheadandTreeEquipment.Thisspecificationprovidesspecificationsforsubseawellheads,mudlinewellheads,drll-throughmudlinewellheads,verticalandhorizontalsubseatrees,andtheassociatedtoolingforhandling,testing,andinstallingthisequipment.

—API17P,RecommendedPracticeforStructuresandManifoldsofSubseaProductionSystems.ThisRPaddressesrecommendationsforsubseastructuresandmanifoldsusedforpressurecontrolinbothsubseaproductionofoilandgasandsubseainjectionservices.

—API17X,RecommendedPracticeforSubseaPumpModuleSystems.ThisRPprovidesguidanceforthedesign,manufacture,installation,andoperationofsubseapumps,includingrotarydisplacementandrotodynamictypesforsingle-phaseandmultiphaseservices.ThisRPappliestoallsubseapumpmodulesplacedatorabovethemudline.

—API17TR3,AnEvaluationoftheRisksandBenefitsofPenetrationsinSubseaWellheadsBelowtheBOPStack.Thisreportdocumentstheresultsofastudyoftherisksandbenefitsofadditionalpenetrationsinsubseawellheadsbelowtheblowoutpreventer(BOP)stackforthepurposeofmonitoringadditional

DESIGNANDOPERATONOESuBSEAPROouCTIONSYSTEMS-GENERALREOUIREMENTSANDRECOMMENDATIONS7

casingannuliforsustainedcasingpressure.Specialattentionwaspaidtotheriskandbenefitsintroducedbymonitoringannuliotherthanthe“A”annulus(theannulusbetweentheproductiontubingandtheproductioncasingstrings).

—API17TR4,SubseaEquipmentPressureRatings.Theimpactofoperationindeepwateronthepressureratingofequipmentisaspecialconcern.TheobjectiveofthisdocumentistofosterabetterunderstandingoftheeffectsofsimultaneousinternalandexternalpressuresontheratedworkingpressureofequipmentcoveredbythescopeofAPI17D.

—API17TR7,VerificationandValidationofSubseaConnectors.Thisdocumentprovidesrequirementsandrecommendationsfortheverificationandvalidationofsubseaconnectorsalongtheverticalcenterlineofsubseahardware(i.e.,tree,tubinghead,treecap,treerunningtool,wellcontrolpackageconnectors,andEDPconnectors),thesubseawellhead,andthecompletion/workoverriser.Themethodologyprovidedhereinmayalsobeusedinotherconnectordesigns.ConnectorsoutboardoftheverticalcenterlineareaddressedinAPI17R.

—API17TR8,High-PressureHigh-Temperature(HPHT)DesignGuidelines.CurrentAPIstandardsfordeepwatertypicallycoverapplicationswheretheshut-inpressureis15,000psiorless.Inrecentyears,industryhasbeenpursuingdeepwaterassetsthathaveshut-inpressuresabove15,000psi,andoperatorsandregulatoryagencieshavehadtoaddresstheseapplicationsonasingularbasis.API17TR8establishesastandardizedindustryapproachtotheanalysis,design,materialselection,testing,andapplicationofsubseacomponenthardwarefortheseHPHTapplications.

—API17TR11,PressureEffectsonSubseaHardwareDuringFlowlineTestinginDeepWater.Thisreportprovidesguidancetotheindustryonallowablepressureloadingofsubseahardwarecomponentsthatcanoccurduringhydrotestingofsubseaflowlinesandrisersandduringpre-commissioningleaktestingofthesesystems.Therearepotentialproblemswithconfusionarisingfromhighhydrostaticpressureindeepwater,partiallyduetothevarietyofapplicabletestspecificationsandpartlyfromtheinconsistentuseofavarietyofacronymsforpressureterminology.

—API17TR12,ConsiderationofExternalPressureintheDesignandPressureRatingofSubseaEquipment.Historically,considerationofthebenefitofexternalpressureindeepwaterapplicationshasbeenacceptedinsomeapplicationsinvolvingthedesignandpressureratingofpipe.Thisreportprovidesadetailedreviewofthefullsystemconsiderationsthatmustbetakenintoaccountifoneistoconsiderexternalpressureinthedesignofanirregular-shapedsubseapressure-containingorpressure-controllingdevice.

4.3.3FlowlinesandRisers

Subseadocumentsthataddressrisersandflowlinesinclude:

—API17B,17J,17K,17L1,and17L2,FlexiblePipeandAncillaryEquipment.Thesedocumentsprovideacomprehensivetreatmentofthedesign,manufacture,testing,packaging,andutilizationcriteriaforbothbondedandunbondedflexiblepipe,aswellastheancllaryequipmentnecessarytocontroltheflexiblepipebehavior,protectatransitionarea,orprovideameansofattachmentandseal.

—API17R,RecommendedPracticeforFlowlineConnectorsandJumpers.ThisRPprovidesapplicablecriteriaforalltypesofremoteconnections,andassociatedpipework,madebetweensubseaflowline/pipelineendconnections,manifolds,andsubseatrees.ThisRPcoverssubseaflowlineconnectorsandjumpersusedforpressurecontainmentinbothsubseaproductionofoilandgasandsubseainjectionservices.

—API17U,RecommendedPracticeforWetandDryThermalInsulationofSubseaFlowlinesandEquipment.ThisRPprovidesguidancefortheperformance,qualification,application,qualitycontrol,handling,andstoragerequirementsofwetanddrythermalinsulationforsubseaapplicationsinthepetroleumandgasindustries.Thisdocumentalsocoverstheinspectionoftheinsulationandtherepairofinsulationdefects.

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