英语人教版八年级下册比较级最高级的用法.doc

Unit7 Whats the highest mountain in the world. 第1课时：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级学习目标与重点：了解并掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法。一、请你思考：什么是形容词和副词？形容词可作定语修饰名词，也可作表语，表示人或事物的属性或特征等。副词用来说明动作或状态的特征,说明时间、地点、程度等概念。它用来修饰动词、形容词、 副词、短语或句子。大多数形容词和副词有三个等级，即_ , _和 _.二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成（一）规则变化(1)通常在词尾直接加 / ：E.g.原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级fasttallhardfew(2)以不发音的字母_结尾的单词在词尾直接加_或_. E.g.原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级nicefine(3) 以辅音字母+_结尾的词，把_变为_，再加_或_. E.g.原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级happyearlyhealthyheavy(4) 以一个辅音字母结尾的_，双写结尾的_字母，再加_或_ E.g.原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级hotbigfatthin(5) 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加_构成比较级和_构成最高级.原级比较级最高级interestingslowly（二）不规则变化：原级比较级最高级原级比较级最高级goodbadmanymuchilllittleoldfarwellbadly三、形容词和副词等级的用法（一）原级的用法1. 只能修饰原级的词：very，quite，so，too。例如：He is too_ ( tired) to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。My brother runs so _(fast) that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。2. 原级常用的句型结构：原级比较：as + adj./adv. +as（否定形式为not so/as + adj./adv. +as）例如：You are as tall as me. = You are as tall as I (am).He has as many books as I (have).as在这里既可作介词又可作连词。作介词时，后接人称代词的宾格。作连词时，后接一个省略的比较状语从句。表示倍数的词或其他程度副词作修饰语时放在as的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one.这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。（二）比较级的用法1. 可以修饰比较级的词：much，a lot，far，a little，a bit，even甚至，still仍然。例如：Lesson One is much_(easy) than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even _(young) than before.汤姆看上去甚至比以前更年轻。2. 比较级常用的句型结构(1) 比较级 + than例如： I got up _(early) than my mother this morning.我今天早晨比我妈妈起床早。(2) “甲+be+形容词比较级 / 实意动词+副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“甲最”。例如：The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。注意：The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+”表示“甲是两者中较的”。例如：Look at the two boys. My brother is _(tall) of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。例如：He is getting _(tall ).他变得越来越高了。The flowers are _( beautiful).花儿越来越漂亮了。He does his homework _(careful).他做作业越来越认真了。(5)“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。例如：_(careful) you are，_(few) mistakes youll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级/实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？”例如：Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？1比较对象相同时，可用that, those等代词代替第二个比较对象。例如：The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Wuhan.上海的天气比武汉的好。2. “比较级 + than”与“not so/as + adj./adv. +as”的相互转换。例如：Maria is not so / as brave as Helen. = Helen is braver than Maria.海伦比玛利亚更勇敢。3. 比较级必须是同类人或事物相比较。例如：My hair is longer than Toms. 我的头发比汤姆的长。4. You are taller than me. = You are taller than I (am).I dont think his writing is more beautiful than yours.than在这里既可作介词又可作连词。作介词时，后接人称代词的宾格。作连词时，后接一个省略的比较状语从句。（三）最高级常用句型结构：(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级/实义动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如：Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。(2)“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。例如：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+形容词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。例如：Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？中国、巴西和加拿大相比，哪个国家最大？(4). the second(third )+最高级+(名词)+ 表示范围的短语 “是第二(三)”注:形容词最高级前一般要加the,副词最高级前可加可不加。实战演练：用所给词的正确形式填空1 This bag is a little _(heavy) than that one.2 Mr. Smith is a _(good) teacher. He always helps us to learn math.3 Dave is_(quiet) than most of the kids in his class.4 Wang Ling walks as_(quick) as Lily does.5 My sister is two years _(old ) than I.6 Tom is_(funny) than any other boy in his class.7.