Unit9 Saving the earth—同步教学.doc

20052006学年度第一学期（高二英语）第十二周 教师：陆正琳 Unit 9 Saving the earth一. Topic1. Talking about nature, ecology and the environment2. Talking about how to save the earth.二. Colloquial Expressions in this unitSupporting an opinionWe must make sure thatIts clear thatI believe that we mustIm all forIf nothing is done , thenI cant imagine thatSure / Certainly / AbsolutelyIt would be better if weIs there a better way to?三. GrammarInversion1. There exist serious problems and there is still time to take action.2. Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.3. Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.4. Had I known that air conditioner cause so much pollution, I would never have bought one.5. A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act.四. Key Words & Phrases1. content作名词“内容”，视其具体或抽象而定其可数或不可数I like the style of this book, but I dont like the content.我喜欢这本书的文笔，但不喜欢它的内容。Empty out the contents of your purse.把你钱包里的东西都倒出来。Before buying a book, I look at the table of contents.我买书以前要先看一下目录。（书的目录通常复数）作形容词解，通常做表语，而不用作“定语”。Are you content with your work?你对你的工作满意吗？I should be well content to do so.我很乐意这样做。2. access n. 接近或进入的方法；的权利这个词不能作动词用！常与介词to连用。The only access to the building is a long muddy track.进入这座建筑的唯一通道是一条泥泞的小路。Students need easy access to books.学生需要使用书籍。Only high officials had access to the Emperor.只有高级官员才可以接近皇帝。3. harmony n. 协调，融洽My dog and cat live in perfect harmony.我的狗和猫相处的非常融洽。China hopes to live in harmony with her neighbouring countries.中国希望与她的邻国和睦相处。4. wipe vt. 擦He wiped his hands with a towel.他用毛巾擦手。Wipe your face clean.把你的脸擦干净。Paint wont be wiped off.油漆擦不掉。The earthquake wiped out many villages.这次地震毁了许多村庄。The entire population was wiped out by the terrible disease.所有居民都被可怕的疾病夺走生命。5. alternative n. （两者中）选一个 adj. 选其一的常用于the only alternative唯一选择have no alternative but除以外别无选择alternative ways.可供选择的两种方法You have the alternative of speaking or keeping quiet.你要么发言要么保持沉默。We had to fight; there was no alternative.我们必须战斗，此外别无选择。The only alternative to being taken prisoner was to die fighting.除了当俘虏外，唯一选择就是奋战至死了。6. affect vt. 影响；感动；被疾病侵袭His speech affected the audience.他的演讲深深打动听众。All the people in the room were affected to tears.屋里的所有人都被感动的流下眼泪。The noise from the street affected our work.街上传来的嘈杂声影响了我们工作。be affected with high fever发高烧be affected with heat中暑7. advise vt. 劝告注意以下三种表达法：（正）He advised leaving early. 他建议早点出发。（正）He advised us to leave early.他建议我们早点出发。（正）We were advised to leave early（误）He advised to leave early后接that从句，须用should + 动词原形He advised that we (should) leave early.8. put an end toLets put an end to this quarrel.我们结束这场争吵吧。We should put an end to the war.我们应结束这场战争。比较：bringto an end使结束come to an end结束He brought his lecture to an end around ten oclock.他在10点左右结束演讲。The meeting came to an end early.会议很早就结束了。In 1972, the United Nations held a meeting in Stockholm, Sweden to share ideas about ways to take better care of the earth.1972年，联合国在瑞典斯德哥尔摩召开了一次会议，就如何更好地保护地球的问题交换了意见。【点拨】1. hold a meeting举行会议hold vt.举行（会议、仪式）；握住；使身体保持某种姿势；容纳；装；占据；拥有，持有（金钱、土地、职位等）1）We will hold the next meeting on Saturday afternoon. 下次会议将在星期六下午召开。2）Where is the Picasso exhibition going to be held? 毕加索展览会将在那里举行？3）She was holding a book（in her hand）. 她（手里）拿着一本书。4）Hold yourself still. 身体不要动。5）The room can hold twenty people. 这屋子可容纳20个人。6）He holds an important position at the bank. 他在这家银行里担任一个重要的职务。7）My husband and I hold conflicting opinions on this matter. 对于这件事，我和丈夫的意见相左。【辨析】hold down / hold up / hold in / hold out / hold off / hold back / hold on / hold on tohold down压低，限制，保持（职位）；hold up使停滞，持续，提出，举出；hold in控制，忍住，结束；hold out伸出，提出，坚持，不屈服；hold off保持距离，不接近；hold back阻止（keep back）；抑制（情感、情绪）（hold in, keep back）；hold on坚持，抓牢，忍受住，等待，停止，（打电话时用语）请等一下，不要挂上；hold on to抓紧，不放弃，保持【考考你】用适当的副词填空1. The traffic was held _ by an accident. 交通事故使交通阻塞。2. We must try to hold prices _. 我们必须设法压低物价。3. She has held _ that job for years. 她已在那个职位干了好多年。4. They held _ for higher wages. 他们坚持要提高薪金。5. He asked me to hold _. 他要我别挂断电话。6. Dont hold me _ as a mode. 不要拿我当典范。7. It was difficult to hold _ our anger. 难以控制我们的愤怒。8. Mr. Bogan held _ his hand in welcome. 博根先生伸出手来表示欢迎。9. Hold _. Everything will be all right. 坚持下去，一切都会好的。10. He had a hard time holding _ to himself. 他好不容易才控制住自己。【答案】1. up 2. down 3. down 4. out 5. on 6. up 7. in 8. out 9. on 10. on【辨析】hold, take place两词都有“举行”之意，但是hold为及物动词，而take place为不及物动词，且take place可表示偶然发生，或者不好的事情。【练一练】1. The accident _ only a block from his home.2. Great changes _ in our school since 1986.3. A painting exhibition _ in the lecture hall next week.4. The Kite Show _ in Weifang every spring.5. Weve decided to _ a great ceremony on New Years Day.【答案】1. took place 2. have taken place 3. will be held 4. is held 5. hold 2. share n.（属于或由某人做的）部分，一份；股份；股票；（pl.）（以股票形式买卖的）股权vt. / vi.（常与in连用）共用；分摊；共有；（与in连用）参与；（常与out连用）分配，告诉别人；同意（某人意见或观点）1）We gave each of the five children an equal share. 我们给了这五个孩子每人均等的一份。2）You should not hold on to your oil shares. 你不应该把住你的石油股份不放。3）They sell shares in companies at the stock exchange. 他们在证券交易所出售公司股票。4）We shared the sweets. 我们分吃了糖果。5）They share their joys and sorrows. 他们同甘共苦。6）He shared the story with us. 他给我们讲了这个故事。7）share and share alike 平均分配；有相同的等份【辨析】spare adj.备用的；多余的；剩余的n.备用品；vt. / vi. 赦免；饶恕；不伤害；免除；使省去；舍弃；让与1）a spare tire备用轮胎2）spare cash余款3）If you have a spare bed, may I stay tonight? 如果你有空床的话，今晚我可以留下吗？4）Have you any spare time to help me? 你有空帮助我吗？5）You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet! 空闲时你就坐在这里读地毯吧！6）He doesnt spare himself. 他律已甚严。7）I have no time to spare. 我没有余额。（to spare剩余；多余）【考考你】Please _ me your opinions, just tell me the facts.A. spare B. share C. square D. spear【答案】AOne of the main themes of the summit was “ sustainable development”, or the question of how we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment.峰会的主题之一是“可持续发展”，即如何在不破坏环境的条件下继续发展的问题。【点拨】1. sustainable adj. keeping in existence; maintaining继续生存；维持；可以忍受的，足可支撑的，养得起的。【拓展】sustain vt. 支撑，撑住，承受住；供养，维持；继续加强，进行下去；蒙受，遭受；忍受，经受住；证实，证明；确认，认可，准许；恰当地扮演；抵挡。1）food sufficient to sustain life足够维持生命的食物2）sustain losses蒙受损失3）sustain the part of恰当地扮演4）The sea wall sustains the shock of the waves.海堤能抵挡海浪的冲击。5）The facts sustained his theory.事实证实了他的理论。2. continue vi.继续（下去），持续；（指空间）延续，连绵；留，挽留，依旧1）The battle continued for several hours until darkness came on. 战斗持续了几个小时直到夜幕降临。2）The forest continues for miles. 这树林延续数里。3）The habit continued into adult life. 这习惯到了成年还保留着。【辨析】continue to do sth. = continue doing sth. = go on doing sth. = go on with sth.go on to do sth.接着（原来做的事）去做另一件事1）We should continue to improve our work. 我们需不断改善我们的工作。2）He continued working at the problem. 他持续解答那道难题。3）Will you continue gardening after dinner? 饭后你继续干花园的活，好吗？4）After she finished her maths homework, she went on to do her English homework. 她做完数学作业以后，接着去做英语作业。【拓展】go on doing / continue to do (doing) / go on to do / go on with / keep doing / keep on doing均可表示“继续做某事，反复做某事”，可互换，只是keep on更加强调时间的间隔性和动作的反复性，及某人做某事的决心。若表示某一连续不断的动作，或某一动作的持续状态，只宜用keep doing。若表示今后或将来继续做某事，则只宜用keep on doing。1）He kept on working until midnight though he was tired.2）The boy kept / kept on asking some silly questions in class.3）She kept waving to her husband until he was out of sight.4）They kept standing outside the room during all the meeting.5）Keep lying here ; I will be back soon.6）We must keep on working hard in the coming new year.7）He kept on smoking though we advised him to stop to smoke.【考考你】Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing【解析】选A。从原句中after you have finished this one和the other exercise这一信息句可知，A项表示继续做与原来不同的事。B、C两项是表示继续做与原来相同的事。D项不符合语法。20% of the people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water.世界上20%的人口喝不到清洁的饮用水。【点拨】1. on earth adj. & adv. （口语）在地上的，在今世的（加强最高级的含意）；究竟，到底（加强疑问句）1）I am the luckiest man on earth.我是世上最幸运的人。2）What on earth is the matter there?那里究竟发生了什么事？3）Where on earth can he be?他到底在哪儿呢？【拓展】earth n.地球；大地，地上；土，土壤；人类；在地球上居住的人类；（电气用具的）接地（put to earth接地）；地线（earth wire地线）；洞，穴；vt. 接地线；培土1）The earth goes round the sun once a year. 地球一年绕太阳一周。2）heaven and earth天和地3）the earth , sea and sky大地、海洋和天空4）The earth received the news with joy. 全世界人们都为这消息欢呼。5）She put the seeds in the earth. 她把种子放入土壤里。6）Is your TV set properly earthed? 你的电视机接好地线了吗？7）He earthed up the rose. 他给玫瑰培土。【考考你】Why _ did you put on that outfit?A. on the earth B. in the earth C. in earth D. on earth【答案】D【解析】A项意思为“在地球上”；B项意思为“在泥土里”；C项无意义；D项意思为“究竟”。故选D项。【辨析】soil / ground / earth / land / fieldsoil指土，土壤；指泥土南earth；ground地面（相对sky）；场所（如：sports ground（运动场），hunting ground（狩猎场）；earth地球，泥土，大地；/ land陆地（相对sea）；field田地，领域。【练一练】1. An apple fell to the _.2. The moon travels around the _ once a month.3. They came to Beijing by _ , not by water.4. A strong wind is blowing from the sea towards the _.5. The rain sinks into the _.6. The old man is still working in the _ of corn.【答案】1. ground 2. earth 3. land 4. land 5. soil / earth 6. field【点拨】2. access n.进入；通道 v.使用；接近1）There is no access to the street through that door. 穿过那个门没有通向大街的路。2）The only access to that ancient castle is along a muddy track. 到那座古老城堡去的唯一通道是一条泥泞小路。easy of access易于接近Students need access to books.学生需要使用书本。She has access to the restricted area.她有权进入禁区。He has access to classified material.他使用已归类的材料。【识记】be easy / hard / difficult of access容易 / 难接近；give access to接见；准许出入；have / gain / obtain access to得接近；得会见；得进入；得使用；open access（图书馆）开架阅览Among the speakers was Chinas then Premier Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world.与会演讲者中有中国当时的总理朱镕基。他强调了世界范围内的平等与公正。【点拨】1. 这是一个倒装句，主语后有定语从句修饰，为使句子平衡采用倒装。among prep. （= amongst）（表示位置）被环绕；（环抱）在之间；（与复数名词、代词或集合名词连用）其中之一，其中有，包括在内（主要指三个或更多的人或物之中）；（后接最高级形容词）之一；（与反身代词themselves，ourselves和yourselves连用）自行；互相，在中间a village among hills群山环抱的村庄among the children 在孩子们中间among the trees在树丛中among ourselves严守秘密，只可你我知道from among从中one among a thousand千里挑一的人Among those present were出席的人中有1）You are only one among many who need help. 你不过是许多需要帮助的人之一。2）Shenyang is among the largest industrial cities in China. 沈阳是中国最大的工业城市之一。3）They fought among themselves. 他们互相残杀。【辨析】among prep. 主要指三个或更多的人或物之中，句中表示“中的一个”、“（其中）之一”，是介词，后面除跟序数词外，还可以跟形容词最高级。between prep.主要指三个或更多的人或物之中；amid（= amidst）prep. surrounded by被包围；in the middle of在中间1）Beijing is among the greatest cities in China. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。2）Mr Brown was among the first settlers. 布朗先生是早期移民中的一员。3）Amid warm applause the honoured guests mounted the rostrum. 在热烈的掌声中贵宾们登上了主席台。4）He was brave amid all dangers. 他在各种危险中总是勇敢的。【考考你】She is the eldest _ the sisters. So she had to look after her sisters.A. among B. between C. of D. from【答案】A【解析】指三个或更多的人或物之中，用among；从第二句中，可判断她有两个以上妹妹，再加上她，为三个以上。2. stress vt.强调，极力主张，着重 n. （精神上的）压迫感，重压；紧张，压力强调，极力主张，重视1）He stressed the importance of cooperation. 他强调合作的重要性。2）He is under great stress because of his new job. 新工作使他感到沉重的压力。3）Some school lay / put stress on foreign language education. 某些学校重视外语教育。Conferences like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.像地球峰会这样的会议有助于人们了解所存在的严重问题，以及人们仍有足够的时间去采取行动。【点拨】take action采取行动We must take quick action.我们必须迅速采取行动。【辨析】act / action / deed都指“行为；行动”。但act是可数名词，主要指具体的、短暂的、个体的行为，往往是一种完成了的“行为”；action主要指抽象的，时间较长的，包括较多活动的行为，一般指进行中的行为。口语中，act，action可表示“所做的事”；deed可指任何大小行动，有时与act相近，但更多地被用来指大的，显示才干的行为，即“业绩，事迹”，deed，action常与words相对应，act常与thought相对应，注意下列说法：take free / similar action采取自由 / 类似行动（无冠词）。1）That was an act of kindness.那是善良的行为。（动作完成）2）He was caught in the act of stealing.他在行窃时被当场抓住。3）Their action was unselfish. 他的行为是无私的。（此行为指某事正在进行）4）We have had enough talk. It is now time for action. 我们已经谈的足够多了，现在是行动的时候了。5）Do you approve of his act / action? 你赞成他所做的事吗？6）She did a good deed. 她做了一件好事。7）Good deeds should be rewarded and evil deeds punished. 她的行为应予奖励，坏的行为应予惩罚。8）Their deeds didnt agree with their words. 他们言行不一致。Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.我们只有了解更多，才能去改善环境。【点拨】当具有否定意义的副词或连词（hardly , little , never , not , seldom , at no time , no sooner , not once , not until等）置于句首时，句子（主句）使用倒装语序，即：助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词句子（主句）主语谓语。Not until he finished his homework did he leave.直到完成家庭作业，他才离开。【考考你】1. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize【答案】A【解析】为了强调句子中的否定状语，常将其置于句首，通常采用部分倒装。这类常见的具有否定意义的副词有few , little , never , not , nowhere , rarely , seldom等。2. Not a single song _ at yesterdays party.A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing【答案】C【解析】否定词放在句首，句子要部分倒装。3. Little _ about his own safety , though he was in great danger himself.A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared【答案】B【解析】此题考查倒装句的同时还考查时态的一致。A better understanding of the environment is necessary , as is the willingness to act.更好地了解环保是必要的，行动的愿望也是必要的。【点拨】本句中as作为关系代词代表前面主句的意思，与so的用法相同。1）He is a patriot, as are his brothers. 他是一个爱国者，他的兄弟们也是一样。2）He believed, as did his family , that you were telling the truth. 他和全家人一样，相信你说的是实话。【拓展】1. as 和which都可以作为关系代词，代表主句的意思，有时很相似，但as 有“正如”的意思，且位置灵活，即可放在句首、句中，也可位于句末，而which则不可以。1）Her performance was wonderful , as we had expected. 正如我们所预料的那样，她的表演非常精彩。2）As is known to all , China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。3）The earth , as we know, travels around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球围绕太阳转。【拓展】2. as conj.（表示方式）像，按照，如同；（表示时间）当的时候，一边一边，随着；（表示原因）因为，既然；（表示结果和目的）以至于，以便；（表示让步）虽然，尽管1）Run as I do.像我这样跑。2）Leave it as it is.保持原状，不要动它。3）She sang as she worked.她一边工作一边唱歌。4）I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时，我看见了他。5）You will grow wiser as you grow older. 随着你年龄的增长，你会变得更聪明。6）As you are tired , you had better have a rest. （既然）你累了，最好休息一下。7）Rich as he is , hi is not happy. 虽然他很富，但他并不幸福。With better education , people will be able to build a better society in harmony with nature and perhaps put an end to the death and suffering caused by the big three. 教育