4级阅读理解(2).doc

阅读理解 Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement. One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs. College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks. Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work. Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist. Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University. Spirduso said. If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time. 1.According to Spirduso,women need to _. duce a report on sexual discrimination b.call for further improvement in their working conditions c.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discrimination d.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities 2.From this passage ,we know that _. a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texas b.women play an important part in adminitrating the University c.the weather on the campus is chilly d.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University 3.Which of the following statements is true? a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985 b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985 c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985 d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University 4.One of the positive results from Milburns study was that _. a.women were told to con centrate on teir work b.women were given information about available administrative jobs c.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversity d.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities 5. The title for this passage should be _. a.The University of Texas b.Milburns Report c.Women Professors d.Sexual Discrimination in Academia Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75 b.23 c.30 d.30003.By dropout the author means_.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that _.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that _.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgroundsTelevision is often viewed as an anti intellectual medium. But truly clever people know how to use even the most unpromising material, and that is what Val Curtis and her colleagues at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine have done. They employed the mass market appeal of TV to test a long held, but unproven, hypothesis(假设): that the emotion of disgust evolved to protect people from disease.They set up their experiment in October 2007, by publicizing it on a BBC program called Human Instincts. Viewers were invited to visit a website and, after giving a few biographical(个人介绍的)details, to view a series of 20 pictures and rate each of them for disgustingness on a scale of one to five. They were also asked to choose, from a list of possible candidates, with whom they would least like to share a toothbrush.The results showed that in all seven pairs, the disease distinct pictures were more disgusting than their counterparts. For things like the apparent depiction of bodily fluids, or of a face that had been enhanced with spots, that may come as no surprise. But a crowded railway carriage was more distinguishing than an empty one, and a louse more disgusting than a wasp.These last results confirmed Dr Curtiss suspicion that disgust is not, as many disgust researchers believe, just a way of avoiding eating disease bearing materials. Rather, it extends to threats that might be contagious(传染性的). Indeed, one result of the study was to show that the young are easier to disgust than the old. Another result was that women are more easily disgusted than men. Both of these make evolutionary sense. The young have more reproductive potential than the old, so should be more careful about what they touch and eat. And women are usually burdened with bringing up the children, so have to be disgusted on their offsprings behalf, as well as their own.The results of the toothbrush study made similar sense. Strangers are more likely to carry new bacteria than acquaintances. Hence, of the available choices of toothbrush partner, a postman came off worst, and a lover best. A brush notionally belonging to a weatherman was, however, preferred to the bosss. Clearly the British feel more intimacy with the former than the later. Perhaps it might have been instructive to include a famous television personality among the choices?52. In the first paragraph television is mentioned to .A) prove that what some intellectuals had claimed is wrongB) show that TV is an essential part of British peoples daily lifeC) demonstrate that mass media is a very profitable industryD) introduce the media through which the survey was advertised53. The experiment is chiefly done by .A) watching the TV program called Human Instincts and filling out feedback formsB) visiting different websites and making matches between pictures and numbersC) rating various photos with numbers and selecting from a choice listD) filling in biographical details and choosing a toothbrush54. Which of the following is true about the result of the experiment?A) A spotted face is more disgusting than a picture of bodily fluids.B) A full packed subway is more disgusting than a louse.C) A bleeding face is the most disgusting one.D) A wasp makes people feel better than a louse.55. The results of the experiment make evolutionary sense in that .A) old people are less likely to produce goods for the society than the youngB) peoples emotion of disgust is often related to the safety of their childrenC) women are more likely to bring up children independent of mens helpD) old people are more likely to be disgusted than women56. The results of the toothbrush experiment show that .A) a boss is normally less clean and healthy than a weathermanB) a postman is often dirtier than a loverC) a public figure is often more popular than a boss in BritainD) a famous television personality is the best toothbrush partner When it comes to health, the poor are doubly cursed. Not only are they more prone to deadly infectious diseases than the rich, but they have far less access to the means of improvement. Twenty years ago, Paul Farmer, an American doctor and anthropologist(人类学者), set out to do something about this. Amid the political turmoil(混乱)and poverty of rural Haiti, he created a community based health care system called Zanmi Lasante, or Partners in Health. It not only delivers appropriate, affordable medical treatment to thousands of poor people, but goes beyond the clinic to address the social causes making them sick and keeping them from getting better.As Dr. Farmer argues, improving the health of the poor is not just a medical challenge, but a question of human rights. Tackling the inequality, racism, sexism and other forms of structural violence which oppress the poor is as critical as extending the drugs. Or as his Haiti patients put it, medicine without food is like washing ones hands and drying them in the dirt.Unfortunately, Dr. Farmers powerful message is often weakened by his books academic tone. It does, however, scream out in passages describing the human face of structural violence. It is these personal stories that make Dr. Farmers anger at such stupid deaths so compelling.The good doctors motives and methods are better described in Mountains Beyond Mountains. This biography by Tracy Kidder traces Dr. Farmer from his unconventional upbringing and unusual education, shuttling (来回穿梭于) between the shacks of central Haiti and the halls of Harvard Medical School, to his later work around the world. Though well written, Mr. Kidders book also makes for uncomfortable reading. The author is clearly close to his subject, having traveled with Dr. Farmer from the green poverty of Haiti to the tubercular whiteness of Russia. Too close, perhaps. The biographer seems to be seeking his subjects approval, rather than the other way round. Mr. Kidder writes, rather disturbingly, about his fear of disappointing Dr. Farmer, his own pain at wounding him with a critical remark and his relief at the doctors forgiveness.When Mr. Kidders health falls, this dependence becomes all the more intense. But rather than compromise the books equity(公正), this intimacy serves to highlight Dr. Farmers admirable, yet ultimately irritating, character. As Mr. Kidder observes, Farmer wasnt put on earth to make anyone feel comfortable, except those lucky enough to be his patients or those unlucky enough to need him.57. What makes the Partners in Health system unique compared with traditional hospitals?A) It makes attempts to help the poor on a social level.B) It is aimed at treating poor people for free.C) It is designed to help the poor rise from poverty.D) It offers community help to those who are poor.58. What can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph?A) Hands should not be dried in the dirt after washing.B) Medicine is also needed for cleaning hands.C) Medicine is not a long term cure to their poor health.D) Food can cure their disease better than any medicine.59. The disadvantage of Dr. Farmers book seems to be that.A) the plots in the book are not attractive enoughB) the way he tells the stories is not compelling enoughC) the anger he expresses at stupid deaths is too strongD) the tone is not strong enough to arouse peoples attention60. Mr. Kidders book also makes for uncomfortable reading because .A) Mr. Kidder himself has never been involved in Dr. Farmers lifeB) Mr. Kidder is afraid of making true comments on Dr. FarmerC) Mr. Kidders emotions prevent him from independent writingD) Mr. Kidder is always waiting for Dr. Farmers forgiveness61. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .A) Dr. Farmer only helped those who are lucky enoughB) Dr. Farmer may have severely criticized the societyC) Dr. Farmer was not actually making his patients comfortableD) Dr. Farmers job is not to make people comfortable The concept of environment is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa (反之亦然). 2 h- e9 h5 E1 R8 E6 o1 f) 蜗牛在线-学习者家园-电大-电大作业-电大作业答案-统考网络统考资源-电大在线5 X/ sS, & U: I c& wwww.snailol.In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer (持有者) of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate,soil, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as cultural, which modify the physical and biological factors. but man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment. % o8 s& u# , I, ) F# X- e. n# U / l- G) l11. Which of the following words can best describe the popular understanding of environment as the author sees it? # d2 w; Q# s1 s q7 |+ h A/ aA Elaborate. n; r& X7 Q0 U5 G1 v1 t) HB Prejudiced. 6 h+ v2 o) Q, v A% I p$ xC Faultless. 蜗牛在线-学习者家园-电大-电大作业-电大作业答案-统考网络统考资源-电大在线$ l6 l# Q7 ! r& b: o, VD Oversimplifid. 5 s& B2 v1 N9 h蜗牛在线-学习者家园-电大-电大作业-电大作业答案-统考网络统考资源-电大在线) P8 y% T4 ! b& P2 q* 5 x) 4 T& c6 N3 EX) |12. According to the author the concept of environment is difficult to explain because _. ! _%v5 ?- % U6 BA it doesnt distinguish between the organism and the environment 4 S E6 P: x5 ! Y# D- V% RB it involves both internal and external forces . MX- Y_ F k0 n3 A0 NC the organism and the environment influence each other 蜗牛在线-学习者家园-电大-电大作业-电大作业答案-统考网络统考资源-电大在线4 q1 o- b& k. / l: wD the relationship between the organism and the environment is unclear 6 + F& O) : X( A: L- B5 J4 t: ) t& H F3 H1 b( I0 D: 4 l7 7 I2 L- % W) k13. In analyzing the environmental forces acting on man the author suggests that _. 8 k- Q) d; m4 M- D w7 cA biological factors are less important to the organism than cultural factors to man ( ?& P# b7 n4 f; c2 fB man and other animals are modified equally by the environmental forces & t4 w) U h+ MC man is modified by the cultural environment as well as by the natural environment 5 _ ! q$ i# J F& k* DD physical and biological factors exert more influence on other organisms than on man S7 * Y& i D O. N% . UB: _8 L0 |- + j2 7 r6 T8 Zh( u9 A9 Y6c# e4 14. As for culture, the author points out that _. 0 E, b3 a3 z3 ( L7 m UA it develops side byside with environmental factors 2 h7 7 R: & Z) & f& A) xB it is also affected by environmental factors ) W- R0 h4 d, fC it is generally accepted to be part of the environment 5 D+ W% W, x! ; D it is a product of mans biological instincts _4 v$ p5 D7 v; T5 V7 ) R% N9 K& q2 U+ S. Y3 ( o8 B) d8 N4 s- 15. In this passage, the author is primarily concerned with _. 5 u+ Z+ j/ O0 v+ n( p* W蜗牛在线-学习者家园-电大-电大作业-电大作业答案-统考网络统考资源-电大在线A the interpretation of the term environment . B0 R/ g1 M. f c0 : YB the discussion on organisms and biological environment 6 T9 c I% w8 e2 |C the comparison between internal and external factors influencing man & : ?; Y0 . P3 D the evaluation of mans influence on culture $ l1 e% 9 n( A: j1 D/ ql& c2 B$ J* N2 K Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from o