高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit 3

高等院校研究生英语系列教材 综合教程 上 INTEGRATEDCOURSE 2 Unit3 LeisureActivity Content StartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProject Task1WorkingroupstointerpretandcommentonthequotationsaboutleisureonPage64 Startingout Tobeabletofillleisureintelligentlyisthelastproductofcivilization ArnoldToynbeeBritisheconomichistorianandsocialreformerInterpretation Thequotationimpliesthathowtospendleisuretimeinasmartwayareamirrorofhowcivilizedasocietyis Startingout Task1 2 Leisureisthetimefordoingsomethinguseful Thisleisurethediligentpersonwillobtain thelazyonenever BenjaminFranklinAmericanscientist publisheranddiplomatInterpretation Whetheronecanbenefitfromleisuretimeornotdependslargelyonyourattitude Ifyouarehardworking thenyoumaytakefulladvantageofyourtimetopromoteself development butifyouarelazy chancesarethatyouwon tspendyourleisuretimegettingdowntosomethinguseful Startingout Task1 3 Therealdividinglinebetweenthingswecallworkandthethingswecallleisureisthatinleisure howeveractivewemaybe wemakeourownchoicesandourowndecisions Wefeelforthetimebeingthatourlifeisourown WilliamRaymondBritishnovelistandcriticInterpretation Thesubstantialdifferencebetweenworkandleisureconsistsintheextentofautonomy Itappearsthatduringleisuretimeoneisentitledtochoosehisownwayenjoyhistimetothefullestwhereasintheworkplaceoneisrequiredtocomplywithrulesandregulations Startingout Task1 4 Itisinhispleasurethatamanreallylives itisfromhisleisurethatheconstructsthetruefabricofself AgnesRepplierAmericanessayistandbiographerInterpretation Onecanderivethetruemeaningoflifefrompleasureandhappiness Butwhatmakesapersonwhoheisdependsonhowhespendshisleisuretime Startingout Task1 5 Thosewhodecidetouseleisureasameansofmentaldevelopment wholovegoodmusic goodbooks goodpictures goodcompany goodconversation arethehappiestpeopleintheworld Andtheyarenotonlyhappyinthemselves theyarethecauseofhappinessinothers WilliamLyonPhelpsAmericaneducatorInterpretation Ifyouwanttopursuehappiness thenyoushouldspendyourleisuretimeinapositiveway whichishelpfultoenhancingyourmentaldevelopment Ifyouarehappy itislikelythatyouwillbringhappinesstoothers Startingout Task1 Task2Matchtheclassiclinewithitscorrespondingmovie P64 Key 2 3 4 5 6 E C A F B D Startingout Task2 Task2Iswatchingmoviesyourfavoriteleisureactivity Whichgenreofmoviesdoyoulikebest P64 Usefulwordsandexpressions documentary literaryfilm anime musical comedy draculamovie horrormovie thriller swordsmenfilm actionfilm detectivefilm whodunit ethicalfilm featurefilm mysterytravelogue etc Startingout Task2 BriefEncounter 1945 Nothinggetsmore thanthat No thisisnocategoryscript DavidLynn sdirection ItisamasterpieceofholdingbackandIthinksinceitwasmade itwasallabout andkeepingthingstogetherandit sjustbrimmingwiththe andtheunacted upon loveisthebestkind glamorous duringWWII sacrifice unexpressed Tortured Startingout TheLadyEve 1941 HarryFondalearnsthatBarbaraStanwickisbasicallyaskunk 讨厌鬼 andbutshe sheissomebodyelseandhefallsinlovewithheragain Andhelearnsthat youknow theyare buttheyareneverasbadasyouthinkeither Theywere trickshimintothinking neverasgreatasyouthink alljusthuman Startingout TrulyMadlyDeeply BecausesheloveshimsomuchthatAlanRickmancomesbacktoJulietStevenson She sjustoneofthegreat ofalltime OneofthethingsIloveaboutthisisinpairingthesetwotogetheristhatinfactAlanRickmanand sitaroundwatchingBriefEncounterontelevision perfectlittleconnection It sjustwonderfulandinfactshedoeslearnto and inherlifewhoisliving cryingscenes hisghostfriends moveon findanewlovelyman Startingout TheShopAroundTheCorner ItwasamusicalSheLovesMe abouttwopeoplewho andhatedeachother sguts butinfact theyhadthiswholesecretlifeas anditiswhenyoulearn thatyouknow the isonething the isanotherthing Andyouknow it sallcrazyandmixed upanditmakesupsense workedsidebyside penpals surface soul Startingout EternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMind 2004 Itisreallyanemotionally film Theyhaveasurgerytohaveeachother Theyloatheeachother but no theycometoloatheeachother JimKerryandKateWinsletloatheeachotherandyetevenafterasurgerytopurge purge remove getridof the theycannotgetthemselves Sohereismydesignforliving forin and outoflovewiththesamepersonallyourlife violent removedfromeachother memories outoftheirheads Startingout WhyHarry sHot ReadingFocus ReadingFocus ListentoatalkonJ K Rowling theauthorofHarrybooks andanswerthefollowingquestions 1 WhenwasJ KRowlingbornandwhatwasherchildhooddream 2 WhendidtheideaofHarryPotterstrikeRowling 3 WhenwasthefirstHarrybookreleasedandwhatwasthetitleofthebook 4 Whenwasthefilmversionofthefirstbookreleased 5 WhatissaidaboutJ KRowling smarriages 6 WhatproblemsdidtheHarrybooksencounter BackgroundInformation ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Paras 1 4 Paras 5 9 Para 10 Introduction A TheHarryPotterbooksappealtoanenormousnumberofpeople Thefirstthreebookshaveearnedaconservativelyestimated 480millionin3years HarryPotterandtheGobletofFirepromisestobreakallpreviousbooksellingrecords InBritainandNorthAmerica thousandsofchildrenrushedtoclaimtheircopieswhenHarryPotterandtheGobletofFirewasonsale B SomeparentsandconservativereligiousleadersdisapproveoftheHarryPotterbooksbecausetheythinkthatthesebooks Readingofthebookshasbeenchallengedin25schooldistrictsandthebookshavebeenbannedinschoolsinKansasandColorado TheHarryPotterbooksbyJ K Rowlinghaveachievedhugesuccessinspiteofchallenges advocatewitchcraft Example1 Example2 Example3 Example ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Author scomment A TheHarryPotterbookshavemuchmerits Theyarebeautifullycraftedworksofentertainment theliterarycounterpartofStevenSpielberg Theyamounttomuchmorethanjustthesumofpartsofchildren sclassic andtheycanbereadbychildrenandadultswithequalpleasure Thelanguageofthebooksmaybeunadorned butthwaywithnamingpeopleandthingsisquirkyandoriginal Adultsalsofindthebooksappealingbecauseofthedeepintellectualisminthem B AdisadvantageoftheHarryPotterbooksisanabsenceof inthefirstfourbooks Example1 Example2 Example3 aninterestingvillain ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Example4 Conclusion Bothchildrenandadultsenjoyreadingthebooks Thebooksintroduceyoungreaderstoaveryhighstandardofentertainment ThereiseveryreasontosaythatHarryPotterpossesses A B alltheearmarksofaclassic ReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding Task2 Workingroupstodecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalseaccordingtothepassage P73 Key 2345678910 F F T T F T F F F F ReadingFocus DetailedInformation CriticalThinking ReadingFocus StepOneInthetext theauthorsaysthat Rowling snovelsareprobablythebestbookschildrenhaveeverencounteredthathaven tbeenthrustuponthembyanadult Didyoureadanybookslikethatduringyourchildhood Whatdidyouthinkofthem Workingroupsandtalkaboutthefavoritebooksorstoriesofyourchildhoods ReadingFocus CriticalThinking StepTwoDiscussingroupsandworkoutalistofthefeaturesthatmakeachildren sbookaclassic ReadingFocus CriticalThinking Withafirstprintingof5 3millioncopiesandadvanceorderstopping1 8million HarryPotterandtheGobletofFire thefourthinstallmentoftheseries promisestobreakeverybooksellingrecord Para 1 installment 1 oneofthepartsofastorythatappearsasaseriesofparts especiallyinamagazine newspaper etc e g thefirstinstallmentofasciencefictiontrilogy2 Oneofanumberofsuccessivepaymentsinsettlementofadebt e g 用分期付款的方式购物 hasbecomeepidemicinrecentyears They relettingmepayforthewashingmachine 按月付款地方式 Buyinggoodsontheinstallmentplan bymonthlyinstallments ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 2 Amazingly Rowlingkeepsherseveralplotlinesclearofeachotheruntiltheend whenshedeftlybringseverythingtogetherinacataclysmicconclusion Para 2 deftly adv deft adj movingquicklyandwithskill机敏的 灵巧的cataclysmic sudden shocking andviolent突然的 骇人的 剧烈的e g Acataclysmiceventhadshakenherparents marriage 一场剧变动摇了她父母的婚姻 翻译 让人称奇的是 罗琳让每一册书的情节相互独立 但最后 她却能够巧妙地把它们衔接起来 形成一个意想不到的结局 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 3 TheonlysournotesinallthesongsofjoyoverthisphenomenonhavecomefromparentsandconservativereligiousleaderswhosayRowlingadvocateswitchcraft Para 4 notes figurativelymeansaparticularqualityinsomeone svoicethatshowshowtheyarefeeling e g 1 Therewasanoteofdoubtinhervoice 2 Itwasnotdifficultforhimtocatchthenoteofbitternessinmyvoice ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 4 ButperhapsthemostcuriousthingaboutthePotterphenomenon especiallygiventhatitisallaboutbooks isthatalmostnoonehastakenthetimetosayhowgood orbad thesebooksare Para 5 given means considering e g 1 考虑到这样的情况 you vedonereallywell 2 Usually Iamsensiblewithmoney asIhavetobe 考虑到我没有赚那么多钱 Giventhecircumstances giventhatIearnthatmuch ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 5 There snotellingwhichbookswillsurvivefromonegenerationtothenext Para 5 Paraphrase Itishardtotellwhichbookswillsurvivefromonegenerationtothenext e g 很难说今晚谁会出现 There snotellingwhoisgoingtoshowuptonight ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 6 Herprosemaybeunadorned butherwaywithnamingpeopleandthingsrevealsaquirkyandoriginaltalent Para 7 unadorned adorn adornmente g 1 Hishouseislavishly 2 Japanesefoodisonthewholesuperb oneofthe oftheculture 3 Theroomistypicallysimpleand withwhitewallsandatiledfloor adorned adornments unadorned ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 7 Thebestwritersrememberwhatitisliketobeachildwithastonishingintensity Para 8 withastonishingintensity means strongly Thissentencemeansthatthebestwritersarekeenlyawareofwhatistypicalofachild e g WhenLouisisaloneheseeswithastonishingintensity andwillwritesomewordsthatmayoutlastusall ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 8 Timeandagain Rowlingarticulatesjusthowdefenselesseventhebravestchildrenoftenfeel Para 8 articulate v 1 expressyourideasorfeelingsinwordse g Manypeopleareunabletoarticulatetheunhappinesstheyfeel 2 berelatedandexist使相互连贯e g Thenewcourseisdesignedtoarticulatewiththecurrentdegreecourse ReadingFocus LanguagePoint articulate adj 1 ofaperson goodatexpressingideasorfeelingsclearlyinwordse g 1 Sheisahighlyarticulatewoman 2 Itgivesanarticulatedescriptionofthedrug seffect 2 ofspeech clearlyexpressedorpronouncede g Allwecouldhearwereloudsobs butnoarticulatewords Ant inarticulate ReadingFocus LanguagePoint 9 ButIdon tthinkthebookswouldhavetheirbroadappealiftheywereonlyexcitingtalesofmagicaladventure andIknowadultswouldnotfindthemsoenticing Para 8 Thissentenceisputinthesubjuntivemood havetheirbroadappeal means 吸引这么广泛的群体 ReadingFocus LanguagePoint appeal n 1 aqualitythatmakespeoplelikesomethingorsomeonee g 1 这个岛屿有什么特别的吸引之处 Whatistheparticularappealofthisisland 2 Thefilmhasgreatappealforyoungaudiences 2 anurgentrequestforsomethingimportante g 1 Alltheorganizationsinvolvedhavesenturgentappealstothegovernment askingforextrafunding 2 Thegirl sfamilyhavemadeapublicappealforhelptotryandcatchherkiller 3 aformalrequesttoacourtortosomeoneinauthorityaskingforadecisiontobechangede g Hehaslodgedanappealagainstthesizeofthefine ReadingFocus LanguagePoint appeal v 呼吁 请求 吸引力 迎合爱好 上诉 1 beattractivee g Theideaofworkingabroadreallyappealstome 2 makeanurgentrequestforsomethingimportante g Thepolicehaveappealedtoanyonewithinformationtocomeforwardandtalktothem 3 aformalrequesttoacourtortosomeoneinauthorityaskingforadecisiontobechangede g Appealingtotherefereedoesnotoftenresultinadecisionbeingchanged ReadingFocus LanguagePoint Promisen theactofsayingthatyouwillcertainlydosomething允诺 诺言 保证许诺 允诺 希望theideathatsomeoneorsomethingislikelytodevelopsuccessfullyandthatpeopleexpectthistohappen 成功的 迹象 征兆 有 出息 有 前途vt totellsomeonethatyouwillcertainlydosomething允诺 答应 保证vi 许诺 有指望 有前途 claim1 tosaythatsomethingistrueorisafact althoughyoucannotproveitandotherpeoplemightnotbelieveit声称 宣称 断言 主张2 toaskforsomethingofvaluebecauseyouthinkitbelongstoyouorbecauseyouthinkyouhavearighttoit要求 拥有 认领 索取 索要3 astatementthatsomethingistrueorisafact althoughotherpeoplemightnotbelieveit声明 说法 断言 note1 ashortpieceofwriting短笺 便条2 ashortexplanationoranextrapieceofinformationthatisgivenatthebottomofapage atthebackofabook etc 注释 说明 批注 音乐作品的 封套介绍3 asinglesoundataparticularlevel usuallyinmusic orawrittensymbolthatrepresentsthissound音 音符4 anemotionorawayofexpressingsomething语调 口气5 apieceofpapermoney纸币6 importance orthefactthatsomethingdeservesattention重要性 值得注意之处Therewasnothingofnoteinthelatestreport 最近的这份报告中并无值得关注之处 given1 pastparticipleofgive送给 提供 赠与 给予支付 付 款 献出金钱 投入时间 付出最大努力2 prep knowingaboutorconsideringaparticularthing考虑到 鉴于Givenhisage he saremarkablyfastrunner 考虑到他的年龄 他可称得上是个很出众的赛跑运动员了 3 adj alreadydecided arranged oragreed规定的 特定的 已经安排好的 已认可的Atthegivensignal thegrouprushedforwardtothebarrier 预定信号一发出 人群便向关卡冲去 4 n somethingthatiscertaintohappen 定当发生的 假设事实 假定事实Youcantakeitasagiventhattherewillbechampagneatthewedding 你可以假设婚礼上一定会有香槟酒 put1 tomovesomethingorsomeoneintothestatedplace position ordirection把 放在 放置2 towritesomething写3 toexpresssomethinginwords说 表述 表达 likesv 1 v toenjoyorapproveofsomethingorsomeone喜欢 喜爱2 usedtosaypolitelythatyouwantsomething想 想要 希望3 usedinrequests 用于请求 想要 希望得到likeprep conj 1 similarto inthesamewayormanneras像 与 相似 与 近似2 inawaythatsuggests好像 仿佛 似乎 Liken 1 thelikeofsb sth sb s sth slike alsothelikesofsb sthaperson thing orgroupsimilarincharacterorqualitytotheonementioned 之类Boxinghasn tseenthelikesofMuhammadAlisinceheretired Hewasaverygreatactor wewon tseehislikeagain 他是个非常了不起的演员 没有人能达到他那样的水平 2 andsimilarthings等等 之类There sabigsportshallfortennisandbadmintonandsuchlike 那里有一个可供网球 羽毛球等比赛用的大型体育馆 1 That smorelikeit 这还差不多2 Likecureslike 以毒攻毒3 Likeknowslike 英雄识英雄1 like作介词 在句中构成介词短语 2 like作名词 在句中分别作主语和宾语 3 like作名词 句型同上 articulatev toexpressinwords清楚地表达topronounce清晰地吐 字 清晰地发 音 adj abletoexpressthoughtsandfeelingseasilyandclearly orshowingthisquality能表达清楚的 善于表达的 口齿伶俐的 有口才的 Key1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Task1Choosethesentenceinwhichtheunderlinedwordhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentencequotedfromthepassage P 75 A B A B B B C A ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction Task2 1 Howdoesourproduct thoseofourcompetitors 2 Mr Jenkins argumentsforstability withEurope stwomostpowerfulpoliticians Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatephrasefromthebox Changetheformifnecessary P76 stackupagainst struckachord stackupagainstpulloffchopoffthrust upon fadeawayturnoutappealtoamounttokeepclearofstrikeachordbringtogetherpickupon ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 3 Thecourtdecidedthatthecompany sactions unfairdismissal 4 Youcouldimprovethetreeby someoftheupperbranches 5 Itincludestipsonhowtowriteforkidsandwhycertainstories differentages 6 Hehaslearnedto hissuperior smoodsandactaccordingly amountedto choppingoff stackupagainstpulloffchopoffthrust upon fadeawayturnoutappealtoamounttokeepclearofstrikeachordbringtogetherpickupon appealto pickupon ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 7 Asit hepassedtheexamquiteeasily 8 Sympathyfortherebels thegovernmentclaims isbeginningto 9 We researchersfromthreedifferentuniversitiestoworkontheproject turnedout fadedaway stackupagainstpulloffchopoffthrust upon fadeawayturnoutappealtoamounttokeepclearofstrikeachordbringtogetherpickupon broughttogether ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction 10 Thisisthemostdelicatedealthatwe veever wehavereasontobeproudofourselves 11 I vehadthreeoftheneighbors children mefortheafternoon 12 Allexitsmust baggage pulledoff thruston stackupagainstpulloffchopoffthrust upon fadeawayturnoutappealtoamounttokeepclearofstrikeachordbringtogetherpickupon bekeptclearof ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction Task3 ReadtheexcerptfromtheHarryPotterbooks thenfillinthetenblanks P77 Key1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 swirling delivered glowed intervals converge wanderings navigate jealousy presence absorbed ReadingFocus VocabularyinAction PracticalTranslation 状语从句包括时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 条件状语从句 让步状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句等 状语从句的翻译 1 语序处理1 很多情况下 翻译状语从句时 语序仍可以遵循原文的语序 2 有时候 翻译状语从句时 可将其位置前移 2 转换译法在有些情况下 按照上下文的需要 在翻译某种状语从句时要将它译成其他类型的状语从句 使译文更符合汉语习惯 状语从句的翻译 1 Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxed dishonestpeoplearegivenachancetoproducevirtuallyanythinginthenameof art 当审查放宽时 招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘 在 艺术 的幌子下炮制出形形色色的东西来 2 Thepoliciesopentodevelopingcountriesaremorelimitedthanforindustrializednationsbecausethepropereconomiesrespondlesstochangingconditionsandadministrativecontrol 由于贫穷国家的经济对形势变化的适应能力差一些 政府对这种经济的控制作用也小一些 所以发展中国家所能采取的政策比起工业化国家来就更有局限性 在翻译时间状语从句时 遵循了原文的语序 翻译时 将原因状语从句位置前移 符合汉语习惯 3 Forexample theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances 例如 他们 测试 并不对社会总的不平等作出补偿 因此 测试不能告诉我们 一个社会地位低下的年轻人如果生活在较为优越的条件下 会有多大的才能 4 Electricityissuchapartofoureverydaylivesandsomuchtakenforgrantednowadaysthatwerarelythinktwicewhenweswitchonthelightorturnontheradio 电在我们的日常生活中所占的地位是如此重要 而且现在人们认为电是想当然的事 所以我们在开电灯或开收音机时 就很少再去想一想电是怎么来的 Thus是表示结果的副词 翻译时语序不变 这里 将结果状语从句 such that so that 转移成原因状语从句 使语意更加清楚 5 Theysethimfreewhenhisransomhadnotyetbeenpaid 虽然他还没有交赎金 但他们还是把他释放了 6 WhileIgranthishonesty Isuspecthismemory 虽然我对他的诚实没有疑义 我对他的记忆力却感到怀疑 7 Nomatterwhatmisfortunebefellhim healwayssquaredhisshouldersandsaid Nevermind I llworkharder 不管他遭受什么不幸事儿 他总是把胸一挺 说 没关系 我再加把劲儿 这里 将when引导的时间状语从句转移成让步状语从句 语意更明确 这里 将while引导的时间状语从句转移成让步状语从句 更符合汉语习惯 Nomatter引导的让步状语从句较符合汉语结构 翻译时语序和语义也无需替换 8 Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast 尽管几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定 但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释 这里 将while引导的时间状语从句转移成让步状语从句 更符合汉语习惯 TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese Payparticularattentiontotheadverbialclauses ParagraphOneWhatevertheexplanation theideaofawork lifebalanceisastapleofEuropeandiscourse studiedinthinktanks mulledoverbypolicymakers IntheUS theterm whenit susedatall issaidwiththesortofsneerreservedforthosewhoeatquiche Butitmightstillcatchon WhenBillKellerwasnamedexecutiveeditoroftheNewYorkTimeslastweek heencouragedthestafftodo alittlemoresavoring oflife spendingtimewiththeirfamiliesorviewingart TranslationforReference 不管如何解释 工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主要谈资 同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题 在美国 人们使用这个说法时总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的有闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度 但是 它可能还是会流行起来的 时任 纽约时报 执行主编的比尔 凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩 多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术 ParagraphTwoP L Travers theauthoroftheMaryPoppinsbooks putitbestwhenshewrote Youdonotchopoffasectionofyourimaginativesubstanceandmakeabookspecificallyforchildren for ifyouarehonest youhave infact noideawherechildhoodendsandmaturitybegins Itisallendle