不带to的不定式用法.doc

不带to的不定式用法动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，它具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，因此在句子里用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语、状语和表语。但在某些结构中，不定式又往往不带to，现将有关不定式不带to的用法大致综述如下：1用在感觉动词see，watch，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等后，作为宾语补足语，动词不定式不带to。如：We often heard them sing我们常常听到他们唱歌。I saw her walk into the headmasters office我看见她走进了校长办公室。2用在使役动词make，let，have等后，作为宾语补足语，动词不定式不带to。如：What makes you think Im a farmer？你怎么认为我是一个农民？Now let me hear you play现在让我听你演奏。Ill have my brother repair the radio for you我要让我哥哥给你修理收音机。注意：感觉动词see，hear，watch，notice，feel，look at，listen to和使役动词let，make，have等用于被动语态时，动词不定式作为主语补足语则要带to。如：She was heard to sing in the next room有人听到她在隔壁房间里唱歌。3用在had better，had best（最好），would rather（宁愿）,may/might as well (最好), cannot but (不得不,必然,不能不), can not help but (不得不) , can not choose but (不得不,只好),等结构后，词不定式不带to。如：Id better go and look for him我最好现在就去找他。Youd best get there before lunch你最好午饭前到达那儿。We would rather wait till tomorrow我们宁愿等到明天。4两个或两个以上句法功能相同的动词不定式并列使用时，通常只是第一个动词不定式带to，后面的动词不定式则不带to。如：So he decided to go and get some medicine for his cough因此他决定去买点咳嗽药。They began to read and write他们开始读和写。5用在“Will you please+动词不定式”一类表示邀请或命令的句型中，动词不定式不带to。如：Will you please bring me some chicken？请你给我带点鸡肉来好吗？Will you please ask her to call me tomorrow？请你让她明天给我打个电话好吗？6用在由“Why”或“Why not”一类表示建议的句型中，动词不定式不带to。如：Why not join us？（Why wont you join us？）为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？Why spend so much money？为什么花这么多钱呢？7用在助动词will，shall，would，do和情态动词can，may，must，need，dare等后，动词不定式不带to。如：I can sing in English我会用英语唱。I think itll fit me quite well before long我想这（件大衣）很快就会合身的。Unfair！How dare you say that？不公平！你怎么敢这么说？注意：ought to，have to中的to不能少。dare和need用作实义动词时，它后面的动词不定式要带to。如：The girl doesnt dare to swim in the river这女孩不敢在河里游泳。8用在动词help后作为宾语补足语，动词不定式既可以带to，也可以不带to。如：Will you help me repair my bike？请你帮我修理一下自行车好吗？Li Ping often helps me（to）do my lessons李平经常帮助我做功课。9用在do anything（nothing，everything）but或except一类结构后，动词不定式不带to。如：Cant you do anything but ask silly questions？难道你只会提些愚蠢的问题吗？There is nothing to do except wait until the rain stops除了静候雨停之外别无办法。9）在make do(make do with v.设法应付;make do without在没有.的情况下,设法应付过去), make believe (假装,假扮), let drop(使跌下,丢下), let fall (放下(吊桥等) ,使(帷幕)落下) , let fly (v.发射,猛烈,攻击), let slip(v.放走,松开,错过,无意中说出), let drive at (,v.对准打),let go of (释放,放开), leave go of(v.松手)等固定搭配中，用不带to的动词不定式。例如：They let go of the rope。他们松开了绳子。John let fly a torrent of abuse at me。约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。10)当What one does/did ;The first thing one should do