专题十：句类...doc

十 句类一陈述句1.用来说明一个事实或表达说话人的看法或观点的句子叫做陈述句。如： He is a good boy I like playing the piano构成：1）.主语+系动词+表语 （系动词和表语一起构成复合谓语）2）.主语+谓语 3）.主语+谓语+宾语 4）.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 5）.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 2.陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句：1） 肯定陈述句：谓语动词不含否定词的陈述句。 基本结构：主+谓 如：It is cold in winter. He went to London to pass his holiday.2）否定陈述句：把肯定结构变为否定结构，只要将not放在第一个助动词或情态动词之后；若句中无助动词或情态动词，则按照不同人称和时态，在动词前加do , does或 did后再加not 。如： I am not a doctor He doesnt jump high二疑问句 分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句: 1 一般疑问句：是指用yes或no来回答的疑问句。结构： 助动词 连系动词 主语谓语如: Do they live here？ Yes，they do No , they dont2特殊疑问句：用来对句中某一部分提问的疑问句。结构：疑问词 一般疑问句如：Where do you come from? Who are you looking for ?常见疑问词的用法总结:who 谁（询问人是谁） ； whose 谁的（询问某物是谁的） ；which 哪一个 ； what 什么 ； what time 用来询问时间几点 ； when 何时 ；where 何地 ； how 如何 ；why 为什么 ； how much 多少钱 ；how manymuch 数量的多少（前者用于可数名词，后者用于不可数名词） ；how long 多久 ； how old 多大年纪 ；how far 多远 ； how big 多大 ；what color 什么颜色 ； what / how about 怎么样 ；三祈使句用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子叫做祈使句。构成：1 等同陈述句，但主语通常省略，以动词原形开头。 如：Open the door2表示语气更加客气，通常在句首或句末加please 。 如：Turn off the TV , please3否定形式一般用dont 动词原形。 如：Dont touch it四感叹句 感叹句通常由what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，结构：1 How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序 如：How clever a boy he is!2 How+形容词或副词+陈述语序如：How lovely the baby is!3What +名词+陈述语序如：What noise they are making!4What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序如：What a clever boy he is!5 What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序如：What wonderful ideas (we have)!6What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序如：What cold weather it is!五there/here be结构1.there be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”，包括there is、there are、there was、there were。here be结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”。2、和have、has、had的区别：1). there be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） ；而have、has、had表示：某人拥有某物。2). 在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is；主语是复数，be 动词用are；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最接近be 动词的那个名词决定“就近原则”。 3). there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 4). there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 5). some和any在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6). and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。课堂练习：一 用括号中词的正确形式填空。1. Let him _ ( look ) at this map.2. Be _ ( care )!3. I _ ( not go ) to work by car every day.4. Yesterday they _ ( not visit ) their teacher.5. What a clever girl _ ( her ) is!6. Please _ ( not ) run in the room.7. _ ( not ) speak loudly.8. _ ( do ) your uncle live in Beijing?9. _ ( not close ) the window , please.10._she _ ( walk ) to school every day?二 将下列肯定句改为否定句。1You are at home now_2He is going to visit the farm next Friday_3There was an old swing in the park last year_4There were some knives in the basket_5The rabbits are next to the apple tree now_三 将下列否定陈述句改为肯定陈述句。1.She doesnt usually go to work on foot._2.They dont have lessons from Monday to Friday._3.Im not going to see my grandparents._4.Sometimes Lily doesnt do some shopping._5.You wont get fatter._四 将下列陈述句改为一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答。1. I am on the farm now._2. You are going to visit the History Museum._3. My two brothers went fishing one day._4. The twins are climbing the tree now._5. He has a lovely dog._五 对画线部分提问。1.I like summer because I like eating icecream._2.I worked for two hours on the farm._3.They read newspapers after supper._4.He and his friends play baseball every day._5.Jack lives in France._六选用适当的疑问词填空。1 . -_ are you doing? - -Im doing housework.2. -_ T-shirt is this? -Its Yang Lings.3. _ do you like better, the big one or the small one?4. _ is the man in the car? - Hes my uncle.七 从栏中找出与栏中意思相对应的祈使句。 （ ）1.You cant walk on the glass. A. Let me help you.( ) 2.Would you please sweep the floor? B. Sweep the floor, Please.( ) 3. I can help you. C. Dont ride a bike in the park.( )4. Tell him not to come in. D. Dont play in the street.( )5. You cant play in the street. F. Let him not in.( )6. You shouldnt ride a bike in the park. G. Keep off the grass.八. 选用What 或How填空。1_ a nice telephone! 2. _ delicious the food is!3. _ beautiful Nancy dances! 4 ._ interesting books they are!九、用恰当的be动词填空。1. There_ four seasons in a year. 2. There_not any trees two years ago.3. -_there a post office near your school? -Yes, there_.4. -How many stops_there? -There_only one.5. There_not any stamps on the envelope.十 、选用“have, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were”填空。1. I_a good father and a good mother. 2._ a telescope on the desk. 3. He_a tape-recorder. 4._a basketball in the playground. 5. They_ a nice garden. 十一. 阅读。Most American families are smaller than the families in other countries. Most American families have one or two parents and one or two children each.When children are young, parents often ask them to do some work around the house. And in many families, parents often give the money for doing the housework by children. And children can learn how to make money for their own use. Some children will find a part-time job to get the money to use. So children know how to make money and take care of themselves when they are young.Children in the US will leave their parents home when they grow up. They usually live far from their parents because they want to find good jobs. They often write to their parents or telephone them. And they often go to visit their parents on vacation. Parents often let children choose their own jobs. Americans thinks it important for young people to decide on their lives by themselves.生词：1.own 自己的 2.housework 家务 3. vacation 假期 4. choose 选择疑难词句： 1.be smaller than 2. make money 挣钱 3. find a part-time job 找份兼职4. grow up 长大 5. live far from 离 很远 6. decided on 决定1.根据短文内容，选择一个正确的答案。( )1).Most of American families have _ children each. A. one B. two C. one or two ( )2).American children have to do _ at home when they are young.A .house work B. homework C. housework( )3). Children can get money from their _when they are young.A. housework B. part-time job C. housework and Past-time jobs( )4). Do children in America usually live with their parents when they grow up? A. Yes, they do B. No, they dont C. We dont know( )5) ._ usually choose childrens job in America