高三语法复习专题九定语从句.doc

语法专题十定语从句考点精析高考题设置此考点时，主要是考查关系词的选择。关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法做好定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。一、 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that等。who用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。例如：I have no idea about the man who wrote the article.我不认识写这篇文章的人。whom用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。在现代英语里，如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用；但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能用who了。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：Who is the girl whom(who) you talked to just now？刚才和你说话的那个女孩是谁？whose用于代替“表示人或物意义”的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。whose常表达“某人的；某物的”之意。例如：Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？that既用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，也可用于代替“表示事物意义”的先行词；在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能作介词的宾语。在一定范围内，thatwho/whom/which。例如：Views that(which) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept.那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受要点提示：1定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略，例如：This is the book(which) you were looking for yesterday.这就是你昨天找的那本书。2定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如：Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.注：关系代词that和which的区别that和which在一般情况下都可以用于代替“表示事物意义”的先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which：1)先行词本身是all, everything, something, nothing, anything等不定代词时，例如：Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy.任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。2)先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only, the very, all(the)等作定语时，例如：This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。3)当先行词既有人又有物时。例如：I am going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited.我要谈论一下我所访问过的国家和人民。4)主句以who或which开头的特殊疑问句。例如：Who is the person that is standing there?站在那儿的那个人是谁？Which of us that knows something about physics cannot join electric wires?我们中间懂得物理的谁不会接电线？宜用which而不用that的情况：1)当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语时，那么就只能用which。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：The world in which we live is made of matter.我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。 2)在非限制性定语从句中，当关系词表示事物意义时，只能用which。这是语法所规定的，没有任何解释。例如：The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.太阳给予大地热量，这就使植物的生长成为可能。3)as作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。As I know, she hasnt got married.如我所知，她还未结婚。They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。二、关系副词关系副词：when, where, why等。在定语从句中，关系副词介词which。也就是说，每个关系副词本身就已经含有了一个介词：when在什么时候，where在什么地方，why是什么原因。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定。when代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland.人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。He came at a time when we needed help.他在我们需要帮忙的时候来了。where代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：The place where were to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。why代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：He didnt tell her the reason why he was so happy.他没有告诉她他那么高兴的原因。三、介词关系代词在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：A)动词与介词的搭配；B)名词与介词的搭配；C)形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。例如：1)动词与介词的搭配He has found a good job for which he is qualified.(qualify名词for“使具有资格”)他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。2)名词与介词的搭配They are still living in the little house in which theyve been living for 15 years.他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里。3)形容词与介词的搭配The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency.(happy with“定语从句注意事项：a)one of复数名词关系代词复数型动词the(only) one of复数名词关系代词单数型动词The Great Wall is one of the worldfamous buildings that draw lots of visitors.Titanic is the(only) one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.b)what不能用于定语从句中。对表示满意”)老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她没有工作效率而被解雇。考点训练1.(2009辽宁)Theyve won their last three matches, _ I find a bit surprising actually.A. that B. whenC. what D. which2(2009陕西)Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.A. of which B. with whichC. about which D. into which3(2009山东)Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. who B. whichC. when D. that4(2009安徽)Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.A. their B. whoseC. of them D. with whom5(2009福建)Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.A. that B. whenC. which D. where6(2009重庆)Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. whatC. that D. where7(2009江西)The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. inC. in that D. in which8(2009四川)Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.A. that B. whichC. where D. when9(2009浙江)I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. which B. whereC. how D. why10(2009江苏)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. if B. whenC. which D. since11(2009天津)A person _ email account is full wont be able to send or receive any emails.A. who B. whomC. whose D. whoever12(2009湖南)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of whichC. that D. whose13(2009北京)What do you think of teaching, Bob?I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A. where B. whichC. when D. that14(2009全国)My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him.A. which B. thatC. where D. it15(2009全国)She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.A. them B. whoC. whom D. these16(2009烟台检测)Most of the roads were covered with thick snow, _ made our journey more difficult.A. one B. itC. which D. that17(2009福建毕业班质检)I come from a small town, _ flows a branch of the Min River.A. over which B. from whichC. on which D. through which18(2009合肥教学检测)_ is often the case with elder people, my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.A. That B. WhichC. As D. It19(2009石家庄毕业班教学检测)Is this the reason _ she explained in the report for her success in the job?A. what B. thatC. how D. why20(2009南昌调研)You can only be sure of all _ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.A. that; what B. that; /C. which; that D. what; that21(2009南昌调研)Have you ever had a case _ someone accused your journalists of going the wrong end of the stick?A. that B. whichC. where D. when22(2009江西重点中学协作体联考)The pig trapped in the collapsed building still found alive, _ it had been waiting for days to be rescued, quickly became the hero across the country.A. which B. whenC. while D. where23(2009重庆联合诊断)He is confident, _， in my opinion, is most important in society.A. how B. thatC. what D. which24(2009龙岩毕业班质检)At 13, Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years, _ he got a good opportunity for further development.A. after that B. after whichC. after it D. after this25(2009江南十校测试)Could it be in the restaurant _ you had dinner with me yesterday _ you lost your handbag?A. that; which B. which; thatC. where; that D. that; where26(2009苏锡常镇四市教学调查)It is not an idea _ the community can unite. On the contrary, I see it as one that will divide us.A. that B. whichC. around that D. around which27(2009潍坊教学检测)English is a free site _ visitors can not just learn the English language but also chat online.A. where B. whichC. that D. what28(2009南京调研)He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ was translated into a foreign language.A. them B. whatC. that D. which29(2009南京调研)Everyone has periods in their lives _ everything seems very hard.A. when B. whereC. which D. that30(2009石家庄毕业班教学质检)The opening ceremony is to be held in the lecture hall this afternoon, _ can seat 400 people.A. where B. whenC. that D. which31(2009湖南十校联考)In the flats Tom was the only man from _ bedroom the thief had stolen much money.A. whose B. whomC. who D. where32(2009湖南十校联考)Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. whereC. what D. which33(2009江西九所重点中学联考)Zunhua is one of the famous tourism destinations, _ lies Dongling, a group of the Qing Imperial Tombs.A. 20 miles northwest of itB. 20 miles northwest of whichC. northwest 20 miles to itD. northwest 20 miles of which34(2009潍坊质检二)Take an active part in sports or other activities you enjoy _ you can meet various kinds of people.A. what B. whenC. that D. where35(2009安徽皖南八校二联)The discovery was made quite by accident, _ we hadnt expected.A. what B. thatC. which D. it36(2009成都诊断检测一)After graduating from high school, you will reach a point in your life _ you need to decide what to do.A. that B. whatC. which D. where37(2009郑州质检一)The music drama, _ the pop singer Sha Baoliang stars, comes from the story of the “Butterfly Lovers”A. which B. of whichC. who D. in which38(2009北京西城抽样)The moon travels round the earth once every month, _ is known to everybody.A. it B. asC. that D. what39(2009北京东城目标检测)A huge amount of oil was spilt on the road, the effects of _ are still being left.A. it B. thatC. which D. whom40(2010山东济南质量检测)Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport, popular with young aduts, _ courage matters more than strength.A. whose B. thatC. of which D. where答案1D。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容。2C。考查定语从句。argue about sth.“对展开讨论”，因此可知C项正确。3B。考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知空格处在从句中作主语，且指代前面句子的内容，故选B。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。4B。考查定语从句。根据句意，先行词是children，修饰名词parents，表示“某人的”，所以用关系代词whose。5D。考查定语从句。先行词为situation, condition, state, point, case等时，且引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，此时常用where引导定语从句。6D。考查定语从句。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词race。where在从句中作状语，表示地点，即“在比赛中”。7B。考查句子结构。句意：我成长过程中居住的房子已经被拆毁，取而代之的是一幢办公楼。(that/which) I grew up in是定语从句，修饰先行词the house，关系代词在从句中作介词in的宾语。假如选择D项，应该是the house in which I grew up。8D。考查定语从句。先行词her stay表示“逗留(时间)”，在从句中起状语的作用，用关系副词when引导定语从句。9B。考查定语从句。在主句中找出先行词，该句中的先行词是a point，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”，此处先行词a point在定语从句中作地点状语，应该用关系副词where来引导，据此选B项。10B。考查限制性定语从句。本题属于分隔型定语从句，因为谓语部分很短，谓语部分are gone被插入到先行词days与定语从句之间。when引导定语从句修饰先行词days。11C。考查定语从句。a person为先行词，空格处指代该词且与定语从句中的email account间存在所属关系，故用whose。12D。考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。由于name与a city是所属关系，于是排除选项A、C；而且of which显然不合适，故答案选D。13A。考查定语从句。where you are doing something serious but interesting是定语从句，修饰先行词job, where在从句中作地点状语，相当于in which。14A。考查定语从句。题干中的逗号之后为非限制性定语从句，关系代词which指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语。15C。考查定语从句。先行词为her three friends，表示人的关系代词在从句中作宾语且位于介词of之后，故只能用whom。16C。考查非限制性定语从句。这里which指代前面的整个句子。17D。河流穿过小镇应用through。18C。考查定语从句的引导词。表示“正如”时，只能用关系代词as。as引导的从句放在主句的前面、中间或末尾都可以。19B。考查定语从句。因此处关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故此处用that，which或省略。20B。考查定语从句。第一空的先行词为all，后面应该用that引导定语从句；第二空的先行词something暗示应该用that，但因为此处that在从句中作宾语，故可以省略。21C。考查定语从句的引导词。先行词a case在定语从句中作抽象地点状态，故应用where，相当于in which。in a case意为“在一个事例或实例中；在某种情况下”。22D。考查复合句。where it had been waiting for days to be rescued是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词building，关系副词where在句中充当地点状语。23D。考查定语从句。此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代指主句的内容，在从句中充当主语。句中的in my opinion是插入语。