高三英语语法专题复习讲义.doc

高三英语语法专题复习讲义（9）Part 1高考高频短语（9）1.（2011江苏卷）Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _. Aconsequence Bindependence Ccompetence Dintelligence2.（2011福建）The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change. A. result B. cause C. warning D. reflection3. (2011浙江卷 18) Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my _. A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions4.（2011四川卷 13）Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens . A. touch B. sight C. reach D. distance5.（2011湖北卷 21） “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with_ clearly in her voice. A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic6.（2011湖北卷 22）Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big_, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made. A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition7.（2011江西卷31）Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself? A. sympathy B. theme C. object D. point8. (2011山东卷) Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship9.（2011江苏卷 32）Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan. Ain detail Bin general Con purpose Don time10. (2011全国卷 33) It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; 不填11. (2011全国卷II 16) As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight. A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a12. (2011山东卷 21) Take your timeits just _short distance from here to _ restaurant. A.不填；the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填；a13. (2011浙江卷 2) Experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ Picsso. A. the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a14. (2011四川卷 18）Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.” A. 不填；A B.不填；The C. the; The D. a; A15. (2011重庆卷）In communication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _ open attitude.A. the, / B. a, an C. a, / D. the, anPart 3 Grammar:非谓语动词 （3） I Analysis 非谓语动词的用法比较make 主动语态被动语态句法功能一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式 主 宾 表 定 状 补不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be doneto have been done 现在分词 doing having done being done Havingbeen done 动名词 过去分词 done 1、 动词不定式与动词-ing（动名词）作主语时的比较：1. _动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。如：Its not good for you to smoke so much.（特指）Smoking is a bad habit, which you should get rid of. （泛指）_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old（MET 1992） AThe walk BWalking CTo walk DWalk2、动词不定式、动词-ing（动名词、现在分词）与过去分词作表语时的比较：_（1）动词不定式、动词-ing（动名词）作表语时，前者表示某一具体动作，特别是将来的动作，而后者表示比较抽象的一般行为。如：Our job today is to sweep the floor. (2) 现在分词、过去分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特点和状态。如：The news I heard just now is very astonishing. / The car is broken and we have to have it repaired.（3）动词不定式和动名词作表语说明主语的内容，现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，_ it more difficult（NMET 1999） Anot make Bnot to make Cnot making Ddo not make 3、不定式、动名词、分词作定语比较 _（1）不定式作定语表示将要，现在分词表示正在或主动，过去分词表示已经。 The Olympic Games，_in 776 BC，did not include women players until1912（NMET 1997） Afirst playing Bto be first played Cfirst played Dto be first playing When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door，_Sorry to miss you； will call laterAread Breads Cto read Dreading（2）动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作。 a swimming pool动名词作定语（表示用途），a swimming fish现在分词作定语。（表示状态） 4、动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较 _（1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want，wish，hope，manage，de- mand，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect等。 We agreed _ here，but so far she hasnt turned up yet（NMET 1995） Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met（2）有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，前文中已有提及I would appreciate_ back this afternoon（MET 1992） Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling（3）有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词，意义上无多大区别，如：love， like，hate，prefer，intend，start， continue等。 I intend to finishfinish- ing the task this morning （4）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词，但意义上有区别，如：forget，remember， mean，regret，stop，try等。The light in the office is still onOh，I forgot _ （MET 1991） Aturning it off Bturn it off Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it offYou were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well，now I regret _ that（NMET 1995） Ato do Bto be doing Cto have done Dhaving done5、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语和主语补足语比较_（1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语，如：ask，tell，order，want，wish，warn， allow，advise，permit，forbid等。 The patientwas warned _ oily food after the operation（NMET 1996）Ato eat not Beating not Cnot to eat Dnot eating （2）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语，但意义不同，如：see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，have， make等，且不定式不带to，但在被动结构中必须带to。不定式指动作的全过程；现在分词指正在进行的动作的一部分，且表主动意义；过去分词指已经完成的动作，且表被动意义。 Paul doesnt have to be made_He always works hard（NMET 1995） Alearn Bto learn Clearned Dlearning The manager discussed the plan that they would like so see_ the next year（NMET 2000） Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out 6、动词不定式、动词-ing（现在分词）与过去分词作状语的比较：_（1）动词不定式作状语，用来修饰动词或形容词，一般作目的、结果或原因状语，多置于句末。A. They went to China to visit their relatives and friends.( 表示目的)B. He woke up to find everybody gone.(表示结果)C. e was too excited not to say a few words. (表示程度)D. Im very sorry to have troubled you so much. (表示原因)E. To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me. ( 表示条件)（2）动词-ing（现在分词）与过去分词作状语，用来修饰名词，一般作时间、原因、让步、方式状语，置于句首；还可作伴随，置于句末。A .Being a hard-working student, he succeeded in the maths exam. =As he was a hard-working student, he succeeded in . B. Working in the city , Tom had a wonderful time. =When he worked in the city, Tom had a wonderful time. C. I let him in , saying that I was his uncle. D. Mark finished his homework, taking a long time over it.(3).动词不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词，表示原因、目的和结果，分词作状语修饰动词和句子，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随和结果。_late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm（NMET 2001） ATo sleep BSleeping CSleep DHaving slept _such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river（NMET 2000） AHaving suffered BSuffering CTo suffer DSuffered II Practice 1. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. （10福建）A. sendingB. to sendC. having sentD. to have sent 2. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. stickingB. stuckC. to be stuckD. to have stuck 3. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused4. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached5. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce6. He had a wonderful childhood, _with his mother to all corners of the world（10安徽）A. travel B. to travelC. traveled D. traveling7. Listen! Do you hear someone for help? （10湖南）A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 8. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle9. So far nobody has claimed the money in the library. A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered10 The lady walked around the shops, _ an eye out for bargains. （10江西）A keep B kept C keeping D to keep11 There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered12 I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. （10山东） A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed13. It rained heavily in the south， serious flooding in several provinces. （10天津）A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 14. A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano. （10四川）A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning15The lawyer listened with full attention， to miss any point Anot trying Btrying not Cto try not Dnot to try16.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library. （10全国）A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing17. With Fathers Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought18. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,_the students to return to their classrooms. （10江苏）21世纪教育网A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled19._ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees . （10陕西） A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see20. His first book next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published21(2011全国卷I) 27. The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen22（2011全国卷II）15. The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined23（2011全国卷II）18Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _nothing about the argument. A. says B: said C. to say D. saying24（2011北京卷）25. Its important for the figures _ regularly. A. to be updatedB. to have been updated C. to updateD. to have updated25（2011北京卷）33. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _ on your feet. A. to keepB. keeping C. having keptD. to have kept26(2011上海卷) 27. Its no use _ without taking action.A. complainB. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained27 (2011上海卷) 32. The rare fish, _ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved28(2011上海卷) 33. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, _ that he could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realized C. realizingD. being realized 29(2011上海卷) 40. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lost30（2011山东卷）27. Look over theretheres a very long, winding path_ up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead31（2011江西卷）32. On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from office. A. saysB. saidC. sayingD. to say32（2011江苏卷）31. Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared33（2011安徽卷）30. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break34（2011浙江卷）14. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost35（2011浙江卷）19. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters. A. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. to be cheered D. were cheered36（2011福建卷）23. Tsinghua University, _ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded37（2011福建卷）27.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _. A.held B. holding C.be held D.to hold38（2011四川卷）2. Lydia doesnt feel like_ abroad. Her parents are old. A. study B. studying C. studied D. to study39（2011四川卷）11. Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep40（2011四川卷）16. _ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer41（2011辽宁卷）30. _ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering42（2011天津卷）7.Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried43（2011天津卷）12._ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated44（2011陕西卷）14.Claire had luggage _ an hour before her plane left. A.check B. checking C. to check D. checked45（2011陕西卷）20.More highways have been built in China, _it much easier for people to travel form one place to another. A. making B. made C. to make D. having made46（2011重庆卷）29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _peoples concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised47（2011重庆卷）33. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. renmind48(2011湖南卷)21 . The ability _an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed49(2011湖南卷)23.The players_from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selected50 (2011湖南卷)29 .Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and ready to start a new day?A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. feltPart 3 综合能力训练 第四部分 任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)When Carla Fisher and her husband announced plans to travel the globe with their young daughters for a year, some friends called them crazy. Seven years later, with wonderful memories and a book documenting their world travel, the Fishers now seem like global trailblazers (先驱者). “Its really encouraging to hear that many other people want to educate their kids in that manner,” said Fisher.Some parents are trying to raise knowledgeable and open-minded “world citizens”. Others want to give their children the skills theyll need to compete globally. “There is a huge amount of interest in spending time abroad at all stages of life and increasingly, as a family with children,” said Maya Frost, author of “The New Global Student”. She knows American families in every corner of the globe who have made that choice. “Theres so much more to education than school,” said Tessa Hill, who recently returned to her Houston-area home, after driving her family across North and Central America and Europe in a motor home for 13 months. “World travel is an education in people, cultures, language, travel skills, street smarts and in how lucky we are to live in the United States.” When Hill and her husband began considering extended global travel, their middle child, Charles, 13, was surprised. “My first reaction was well, are we really going to do this?” Charles said. “But it did sound like great fun.” Charles said missing his friends was the hardest part. He stayed in touch via e-mail and made some new friends along the way, playing soccer with kids in France and learning about rugby from youths in Ireland.“Id definitely recommend this to other kids,” Charles said. “It was such a great opportunity to see different countries and learn geography a different way.”To make re-entry smoother, most school officials prefer that families work out an educational plan before