2012,6级考前最新命制试卷二.doc

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Foreign Abbreviations Be Banned on TV?. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.目前有些电视台禁止在节目中使用外来缩略语1. 对这种做法有人表示支持2. 有人并不赞成3. 我认为Should Foreign Abbreviations Be Banned on TV? _Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Factors for Stress and AnxietyAt some point in their lives virtually everyone will experience stressful events or situations that overwhelm their natural coping mechanisms. In one poll, 89% of respondents indicated that they had experienced serious stress in their lives. Some people are simply biologically prone to stress. Factors leading to stress and anxiety mainly are as follows: Risk FactorsConditions that are most likely to be associated with stress and negative physical effects include the following:* An accumulation of persistent stressful situations, particularly those that a person cannot easily control (for example, high-pressured work plus an unhappy relationship).* Persistent stress following a severe acute response to a stabbing event (such as an automobile accident).* Acute stress accompanying serious illness, such as heart disease.People respond to stress differently, depending on different factors:* Early nurturing: Abusive behavior towards children may cause long-term abnormalities (反常) in the hypothalamus-pituitary system, which regulates stress.* Personality traits: Certain people have personality traits that cause them to over-respond to stressful events.* Genetic factors: Some people have genetic factors that affect stress, such as having a more or less efficient relaxation response. One study found a genetic abnormality in serotonin (血清素) regulation that was connected with a heightened reaction of heart rates and blood pressure in response to stress. (Serotonin is a brain chemical involved with feelings of well-being.)* Immune-regulated diseases: Certain diseases that are associated with immune abnormalities such as rheumatoid arthritis (类风湿性关节炎) may actually weaken a response to stress.* The length and quality of stressors: Naturally, the longer the duration and the more intense the stressors, the more harmful the effects.Childhood FactorsChildren are frequent victims of stress because they are often unable to communicate their feelings accurately. They also have trouble communicating their responses to events over which they have no control. Certain physical symptoms, notably repeated abdominal pain without a known cause, may be indicators of stress in children. Various conditions can affect their susceptibility to stress.Parental stress, especially in mothers, is a particularly powerful source of stress in children, even more important than poverty or overcrowding. Young children of mothers who are highly stressed (particularly if they were depressed) tend to be at high risk for developing stress-related problems. This may be especially true if the mothers were stressed during both the childs infancy and early years. Some evidence even supports the old idea that stress during pregnancy can have adverse effects on the infants mood and behavior. Older children with stressed mothers may become aggressive and anti-social. Another study suggested that stress-reduction techniques in parents may improve their childrens behavior.Adolescent boys and girls experience equal amounts of stress, but the source and effects may differ. Girls tend to become stressed from interpersonal situations, and stress is more likely to lead to depression in girls than in boys. For boys, however, specific events, such as changing schools or getting poor grades, appear to be the major sources of stress. Work and StressIn a study of 46,000 workers, health care costs were 147% higher in workers who were stressed or depressed than in others who were not. Furthermore, according to one survey, 40% of American workers describe their jobs as very stressful, making job-related stress an important and preventable health hazard.Several studies are now suggesting that job-related stress is as great a threat to health as smoking or not exercising. Stress impairs concentration, causes sleeplessness, and increases the risk for illness, back problems, accidents, and lost time from work. Work stress can lead to harassment or even violence while on the job. At its most extreme, chronic stress places a burden on the heart and circulation that in some cases may be fatal. The Japanese even have a word for sudden death due to overwork, karoushi.Many institutions within the current culture, while paying lip service to stress reduction, put intense pressure on individuals to behave in ways that increase tension. Yet, there are numerous effective management tools and techniques available to reduce stress. Furthermore, treatment for work-related stress has proven benefits for both the employee and employer. In one study, at the end of 2 years, a company that instituted a stress management program saved nearly $150,000 in workers compensations costs (the cost of the program was only $6,000). Other studies have reported specific health benefits resulting from workplace stress-management programs. In one of the studies, workers with hypertension experienced reduced blood pressure after even a brief (16-hour) program that helped them manage stress behaviorally. In general, however, few workplaces offer stress management programs, and it is usually up to the employees to find their own ways to reduce stress. Here are some suggestions:* Seek out someone in the Human Resources department or a sympathetic manager and communicate concerns about job stress. Work with them in a non-confrontational way to improve working conditions, letting them know that productivity can be improved if some of the pressure is off.* Establish or reinforce a network of friends at work and at home.* Restructure priorities and eliminate unnecessary tasks.* Learn to focus on positive outcomes.* If the job is unendurable, plan and execute a career change. Send out resumes or work on getting a transfer within the company.* If this isnt possible, be sure to schedule daily pleasant activities and physical exercise during free time.It may be helpful to keep in mind that bosses are also victimized by the same stressful conditions they are imposing. For example, in one study of male managers in three Swedish companies, those who worked in a bureaucracy had greater stress-related heart risks than those who worked in companies with social supports. CaregivingStudies show that caregivers of physically or mentally disabled family members are at risk for chronic stress. One study reported that overall mortality rates were over 60% higher in caregivers who were under constant stress. Spouses caring for a disabled partner are particularly vulnerable to a range of stress-related health threats, including influenza, depression, heart disease, and even poorer survival rates. Caring for a spouse with even minor disabilities can induce severe stress.Intervention programs that are aimed at helping the caregiver approach the situation positively can reduce stress, and help the caregiver maintain a positive attitude. A 2002 program also demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise was very helpful in reducing stress and improving sleep in caregivers.Caregiving among the health professionals is also a high risk factor for stress. One study, for example, found that registered nurses with low job control, high job demands, and low work-related social support experienced very dramatic health declines, both physically and emotionally. Anxiety DisordersPeople who are less emotionally stable or have high anxiety levels tend to experience specific events as more stressful than others. Some doctors describe an exaggerated negative response to stress as treating the event as a catastrophe. Nevertheless, a 2003 study of patients with anxiety disorder did not find any differences in actual physical response to stress (heart rate, blood pressure, release of stress hormones) compared to people without anxiety.Lacking a Social NetworkThe lack of an established network of family and friends predisposes (使预先有倾向) one to stress disorders and stress-related health problems, including heart disease and infections. A study, meanwhile, reported that older people who maintain active relationships with their adult children are buffered against the adverse health effects of chronic stress-inducing situations, such as low-income or lower-social class. Another study suggested this may be because people who live alone are unable to discuss negative feelings as a means to relieve their stress.Studies of people who remain happy and healthy despite many life stresses conclude that most have very good networks of social support. One study indicated that support even from strangers reduced blood pressure surges in people undergoing a stressful event. Many studies suggest that having a pet helps reduce medical problems aggravated by stress, including heart disease and high blood pressure.1. Stress is most likely to rise from conditions in which _.A) two persons with different characteristics work togetherB) a person always recalls past painful experienceC) a person has just gotten over a serious physical diseaseD) parents abuse their children too much in early nurturing2. Immune-regulated diseases are related to stress because such diseases _.A) tend to produce a stress-related chemicalB) will affect a persons character severelyC) will make people weak in body and soulD) tend to undermine the response to stress3. We can consider our children under stress when they _.A) are unable to communicate their feelings accuratelyB) have trouble communicating their responses to eventsC) often feel abdominal pain without a known reasonD) have a poor and overcrowded family4. Stress is likely to strike teenaged girls when they _.A) have an aggressive and anti-social motherB) fail to build a sound relationship with palsC) get into a new school environmentD) fail to pass an important school test5. Which one is the most serious effect of chronic work stress according to the passage?A) Harassment.B) Violence.C) Heart burden. D) Karoushi.6. The 2-year-long study is presented in the passage mainly to show that stress management programs _.A) cost littleB) cost muchC) benefit the employersD) benefit the employees7. What does the author suggest doing when we cant endure a job?A) Changing to a new institute.B) Asking senior colleagues for help.C) Founding a sound social network.D) Focusing more on positive outcomes.8. Caregivers of disabled family members are reported to undergo a mortality rate of _.9. According to the program in 2002, caregivers were expected to reduce stress by_.10. Older people who maintain active relationships with their adult children have less stress because they have someone to _.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) The man doesnt want to go to the movies.B) The woman is too tired to go to the movies.C) The man wants to go to the movies.D) The woman wants to go out for dinner.12. A) Colleagues.B) Husband and wife.C) Teacher and student.D) Mother and son. 13. A) Coming back for a later show.B) Waiting in the queue.C) Coming back in five minutes.D) Not going to see the movie today.14. A) Both shirts.B) The green shirt.C) The red shirt.D) Neither of the shirts.15. A) She wants to go to the laboratory.B) She will go to the concert.C) She is going to study in the library.D) She wants to hear a lecture on American history.16. A) The man should go to the game with her tonight.B) The game will not be on television.C) The results of the game were announced in the newspaper.D) The man can find the information about the game in the newspaper.17. A) To be a writer.B) To be a driver.C) To go into the family business.D) To become an artist.18. A) The committee has just begun to write the report.B) The committee report will be short.C) The committee members have just become acquainted.D) The report is finished except for the introduction.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) A tale related to bamboo.B) Different kinds of bamboo.C) Bamboo artifacts in Japanese culture.D) The use of bamboo in Asian countries.20. A) The Shinto gods lived inside the bamboo.B) Bamboo was the food of the Shinto gods.C) The Shinto gods used bamboo to build houses.D) The early inhabitants worship bamboo as the Shinto gods.21. A) It has many joints.B) It can be easily planted.C) It has a delicate fragrance.D) It is a strong plant but can be easily bent.22. A) It is used to add sugar.B) It is used for mixing tea.C) It is used for measuring tea.D) It is used as a tea container.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Rooms were overbooked for that evening.B) The hotel clerk confused him with another guest.C) There were no more rooms available for five people.D) The price for the room was higher than he expected.24. A) A single room.B) A double room.C) A honeymoon suite.D) A room for five people.25. A) She charged no money for the room.B) She provided the man with three free meals.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) He would be aggressive in his first class.B) He was well-prepared for his first class.C) He waited long for the arrival of his first class.D) He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.27. A) Write down their names on the paper cards.B) Cut some cards out of the construction paper.C) Cut maple leaves out of the construction paper.D) Write down their suggestions on the paper cards.28. A) They began to talk.B) They stayed silent.C) They raised their hands.D) They shouted to be heard.29. A) He thought it was an easy topic.B) He wanted to calm down the students.C) He had prepared the topic before class.D) He got disappointed with his first class.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. A) Help the disabled to recover.B) Control a persons thoughts.C) Help to update computer systems.D) Link the human brain with computers.31. A) By using his mind.B) By moving his hand.C) By talking to the machine.D) By controlling his muscles.32. A) To make them live longer.B) To make profits from them.C) To prove the technology useful to them.D) To learn about their physical condition.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It is changing humans existing manner.B) It makes the world increasingly warmer.C) It consumes most of the natural resources.D) It has given way to sustainable product industries.34. A) Cutting public expenses.B) Forbidding carbon emission.C) Developing public resources.D) Encouraging energy conservation.35. A