专四语法写作和词组.doc

一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为：would ratherthat从句一般过去时；It is vital necessary important urgent imperative desirable advisable natural essentialthat（should）动词原形；proposalsuggestionthat动词原形；It is timeabout timehigh timethat一般过去时；lestthatshould动词原形；if onlythatwould动词原形。2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even ifso，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；justhardly.when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as.as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语分词的形式出现。4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。5、定语从句重点考查介词关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popularpatientwith；yieldsolutionadapttransferaccessto；accuserequireof；chargefor；underdiscussion等等。2、习惯用法如：confess toset aboutbe used todoing；be supposed tohavemake sbdo等。3、由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。4、单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。5、介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外还应注意rather than，other than，such as，nonenothingbut等词在考题中的出现。四、写作替换词第一类：巨大:big Colossal:e.g.Thebuildingsarecolossal.尺寸、体积的巨大 Enormous:e.g.enormousamount/ofenormoussizeImmense:e.g.TheymadeanimmenseimprovementinEnglish.Theexpenseoflivingisimmense.Gargantuan:e.g.FalkevenpersuadedNiketospendatleast$1millionmarketingJordan,agargantuansumatthetime.Grandiose:e.g.agrandiosewritingstyle浮夸的写作风格 agrandiosebutimpracticalplan大而不当的计划 Massive:e.g.amassivemonument/drinkamassiveamountofalcoholMonolithic:e.g.amonolithicworldwidemovement统一世界性运动 Prodigious:e.g.aprodigiousopportunity绝好的机会 Prodigioussquandering巨大的浪费 Tremendous:e.g.tremendousdetermination无比的毅力/tremendousforce/atremendoustask艰巨的任务/maketremendousefforts/oftremendousmomentum气势磅礴 小的:small Diminutive:e.g.adiminutivethingorpersonMiniature:e.g.miniaturelamp/war/Miniscule:e.g.Foranother,theinterstellargrainsareminisculeonlyafewmicronsinsize.快地:fastly byleapsandbounds:e.g.HerFrenchisimprovingbyleapsandbounds.她法语进步飞快 加强:strengthen Bolster:e.g.bolsterupacrime包庇罪行/bolsteruponesmorale鼓舞士气 Bothsidesofferedstatisticstobolstertheirarguments.Buttress:e.g.buttressupanargument支持一个论点 Thegovernmentintendstobuttressupitspower.Consolidate:e.g.consolidateateverystep步步为营/consolidatealeadingbody整顿领导 班子/consolidatenationaldefenseandresistaggression加强国防抵抗侵略 Reinforce:e.g.Culturefactorsreinforcethesetrends.文化因素加强了这些趋势。 Intensify:e.g.Wewillintensifydevelopmentofsocialistculture.加强社会主义文化建设 Fortify:e.g.Goodeatinghabitshelptofortifythebodyagainstdisease.强的:strong Brawny:e.g.Successwillmeanthedifferencebetweenabrawnygiantandablubberyone.Muscular:e.g.amuscularyoungmanSinewy:e.g.asinewystyleofwriting刚劲的文风/sinewymuscles Impregnable:e.g.animpregnableargument无可辩驳的论据/animpregnablebelief Invincible:e.g.Defeatmakesusinvincible.失败使我们不可战胜。 Potent/Robust/Virile/stalwart/stout/sturdy强人:baron(巨头) Magnate/Mogul削弱:weaken Diminish:e.g.diminishthecostofproduction减少成本 Severalunpopulardecisionsdiminishedthegovernorspopularity.Debilitate:e.g.Heatdebilitatesmanypeople.酷热使人体力衰弱。 Enervate:e.g.Idlenessenervatethewilltosucceed.懒惰削弱了成功的决心。 sap/undermine/perish/wane弱的:weak Feeble:e.g.Sherepliedinbutafeeblevoice.Tenuous:e.g.atenuouslineofargument空洞的辩论方式 Hehadarathertenuousgraspofreality.他对现实认识很肤浅 frail/decrepit/impotent/puny/flaccid重要的:important Consequential:e.g.aconsequentialfigureintheacademiccommunity学术界举足轻重的人 Prominent:e.g.aprominentrole特殊作用/aprominentfigureduringthisperiod该时代著 名人物Crucial:e.g.concentrateoncrucialpoints抓住重点 momentous/eminent/pivotal/substantial/significant/essential/fundamental重要:importance Core:e.g.corecourse基础课/coreideal中心思想 Magnitude:e.g.minimizedthemagnitudeofthecrisis极度轻视危机的程度 Essence:e.g.grasptheessenceofthings抓住本质/timeisoftheessence时间就是生命 hub/gist居首位的:leading Foremost:e.g.Firstandforemost,bediscreet./aforemostposition最前的位置 Paramount:e.g.Thismatterisofparamountimportance.此事至关重要 Thereductionofunemploymentshouldbeparamount.降低失业率应为头等大事。 Prevailing:e.g.aprevailingsetofculturalvalues一套盛行的文化价值观 Thrifthasbecometheprevailingpractice.节约成风 overriding/predominant/preeminentprevalent/supreme不重要的:unimportantMarginal:e.g.marginalculture边缘文化/marginalwritingability写作能力很低 Trivial:e.g.atrivialmind微不足道的意见/somethingunsubstantialortrivial Negligible:e.g.Lossesintradethisyearwerenegligible./haveanegligibleeffectonperipheral/trifling超过:surpass Override:e.g.Considerationsofsafetyoverrideallotherconcerns.对安全的考虑压倒一切。 Theappealcourtoverridesthedecisionofthelowercourt.上诉法院推翻了夏季法院的判决。 Transcend:e.g.Suchmatterstranscendhumanunderstanding.这些是人类无法理解的。 Transcendmyselfcompletely.完全超越自我。 Theytranscendnationalbordersandgenerations.它们超越国界及世代。 Outwit:e.g.tooutwitbytalking以口才取胜 Eachtryingtocheatoroutwittheother尔虞我诈 Prevail:e.g.prevailagainstaperson胜过某人/Truthwillultimatelyprevail.真理终将胜利。 exceed/overwhelming/besuperiorto/outweigh/beinferiorto（劣于）=besubordinateto 霸权:ascendancy hegemony/supremacy六、写作出彩句型一、the+est+名词+(that)+主词+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc) themost+形容词+名词+(that)+主词+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc) 例句：HelenisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveeverseen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr.ChangisthekindestteacherthatIhaveeverhad.张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。二、Nothingis+erthanto+V Nothingis+more+形容词+thanto+V 例句：Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。三、cannotemphasizetheimportanceoftoomuch.（再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。） 例句：Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。四、Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V.（不可否认的.） 例句：Thereisnodenyingthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。五、Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子（全世界都知道.） 例句：Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattreesareindispensabletous. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。六、Thereisnodoubtthat+句子（毫无疑问的.） 例句：Thereisnodoubtthatoureducationalsystemleavessomethingtobedesired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。七、Anadvantageofisthat+句子（.的优点是.） 例句：Anadvantageofusingthesolarenergyisthatitwontcreate(produce)anypollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。八、Thereasonwhy+句子isthat+句子（.的原因是.） 例句：Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovideuswithfreshair. Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycansupplyfreshairforus.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。九、So+形容词+be+主词+that+句子（如此.以致于.） 例句：Sopreciousistimethatwecantaffordtowasteit. 时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。十、Adj.+as+Subject（主词）+be,S+V（虽然.） 例句：Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebynomeanssatisfactory. bynomeans=innoway=onnoaccount一点也不 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。十一、The+er+S+V,the+er+S+V The+more+Adj.+S+V,the+more+Adj.+S+V（愈.愈.） 例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake. 你愈努力，你愈进步。Themorebooksweread,themorelearnedwebecome.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。十二、By+Ving,can（借着.，.能够.） 例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。十三、enable+Object（受词）+to+V（.使.能够.） 例句：Listeningtomusicenableustofeelrelaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。十四、Onnoaccountcanwe+V（我们绝对不能.） 例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。十五、Itistime+S+过去式（该是.的时候了） 例句：Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolvethetrafficproblems. 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。十六、Thosewho（.的人.） 例句：Thosewhoviolatetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished. 违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。十七、Thereisnoonebut（没有人不.） 例句：Thereisnoonebutlongstogotocollege. 没有人不渴望上大学。十八、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V（不得不.） 例句：Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledtogiveupdoingsports. 既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。十九、Itisconceivablethat+句子（可想而知的） Itisobviousthat+句子（明显的） Itisapparentthat+句子（显然的） 例句：Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinourlife. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。作者:平常心时间:2009-5-217:34:00二十、Thatisthereasonwhy（那就是.的原因） 例句：Summerissultry.ThatisthereasonwhyIdontlikeit. 夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。二十一、Forthepast+时间，S+现在完成式.（过去.年来，.一直.） 例句：Forthepasttwoyears,Ihavebeenbusypreparingfortheexamination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。二十二、Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式。 例句：Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool,hehasworkedveryhard. 自从他上高中，他一直很用功。二十三、Itpaysto+V（.是值得的。） 例句：Itpaystohelpothers. 帮助别人是值得的。二十四、bebasedon（以.为基础） 例句：Theprogressoftheesocietyisbasedonharmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。二十五、Sparenoeffortto+V（不遗余力的） Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。二十六、bringhometo+人+事（让.明白.事） 例句：Weshouldbringhometopeoplethevalueofworkinghard. 我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。二十七、becloselyrelatedto（与.息息相关） 例句：Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth. 做运动与健康息息相关。二十八、Getintothehabitof+Ving =makeitaruleto+V（养成.的习惯） Weshouldgetintothehabitofkeepinggoodhours.我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。二十九、Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving,（因为.） 例句：Thankstohisencouragement,Ifinallyrealizedmydream. 因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。三十、Whata+Adj.+N+S+V!=How+Adj.+a+N+V!（多么.！） 例句：Whatanimportantthingitistokeepourpromise! Howimportantathingitistokeepourpromise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事！三十一、Leavemuchtobedesired（令人不满意） 例句：Theconditionofourtrafficleavesmuchtobedesired. 我们的交通状况令人不满意。三十二、Haveagreatinfluenceon（对.有很大的影响） 例句：Smokinghasagreatinfluenceonourhealth. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。三十三、dogoodto（对.有益），doharmto（对.有害） 例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind. 读书对心灵有益。Overworkdoesharmtohealth.工作过度对健康有害。三十四、Poseagreatthreatto（对.造成一大威胁） 例句：Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。三十五、doonesutmostto+V=doonesbest（尽全力去.） 例句：Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife. 我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。首先，尤其重要的，最重要的above all偶然，无意中 by accident 对（于）很积极be active in 合计为 add up to 承让错误 admit ones mistake接受某人的建议 take / follow ones advice就提出建议 give advice on建议某人做某事 advice sb. to do sth.后天 the day after tomorrow毕竟；终究 after all违心 against ones will在岁时 at the age of实现目标 achieve ones aim 在空中；悬而未决 in the air在户外，在露天里 in the open air在机场 at the airport火警 the fire alarm满腔怒火be filled with anger因某人之言行而生气be angry at sth.生某人的气be angry with sb.通知 make an announcement相继地，按顺序地one after another相互，彼此（三者或三者以上之间）one another相互（指两者之间）each other没有回答 give no answer为而担心 be anxious about急于做某事 be anxious to do sth.分开住live apart除了 apart from因某事向某人认错或道歉 make/offer an apology to sb for sth.与某人争论某事 argue with sb. about sth.放在一边lay sth. aside请某人指点 / 帮助 ask sb. for advice / help惊讶于be astonished at sth.以前，曾经 at one time注意pay attention to 对抱正确的态度take a correct attitude towards sth.引起（注意，兴趣等）attract ones attention仰卧仰泳lie / swim on ones back重感冒 a bad cold两件行李 two pieces of baggage保持失去平衡keep / lose ones balance在舞会上at the ball洗冷水澡have / take a cold bath阵亡be killed in battle在海滩on the beach整理床铺make the bed以开始begin with在起始，开始 at the beginning of 自始自终 from beginning to end形成局面；产生come into being安全带 a safety belt三思而后行。Second thoughts are best.尽力，尽最大的努力do / try ones best尽量利用，善用 make the best of 一切顺利，万事如意 all the best黑体地，粗体地 in bold出身于农民家庭 be born in a peasants family鞠躬make a bow动动脑子 use ones brains打破纪录 break the record深吸一口气 take a deep breath屏息；憋住气 hold ones breath上气不接下气 out of breath刷牙 brush ones teeth突然哭起来 burst into tears突然一阵大笑 a burst of laughter要不是 but for呼救声 a call for help保持镇静（别慌） keep calm保持安静（别吵） keep quiet保持不动（别动） keep still保持沉默（别说话） keep silent夏令营 a summer camp去野营 go camping情不自禁 cannot help doing打牌 play cards照顾，保管 take care of 医疗护理 medical care假若那样的话 in that case以防万一 in case下倾盆大雨 rain cats and dogs赶上（或超过） catch up with偶然 by chance免费 free of charge主管，在掌管之下 in charge由负责 in the charge of掌管，负责 take charge高兴起来 cheer up童年时 in ones childhood挑选，选择 make a choice圣诞节时 at Christmas去做礼拜 go to church烟头 cigarette end为鼓掌 give sb. a clap接近 get close to一块桌布 a table cloth一套衣服 a suit of clothes童装 childrens clothing集邮 collect stamps产生，发生 come about（偶然）遇见或发现 come across走过来；长出，发芽，上升；抬头 come up共同，共有 in common参加比赛 compete in a contest举办音乐会give a concert 条件是 on condition that祝贺某人 congratulate sb. on sth.相反地 on the contrary失控 out of control与谈话；交谈 have a conversation with sb.在期间过程中 in / during the course of被覆盖 be covered with因某事和某人发脾气 be cross with sb. at sth.划掉 cross out对残忍 be cruel to sb.立方米 cubic meter 对感到好奇 be curious about sth.对造成巨大损害 do great damage to 处境危险 in danger过时 out of date在不久前，前几天 the other day对充耳不闻 be deaf to sth.对付，应付 deal with负债 in debt还清债务 out of debt做出决定 make a decision做好事 do good deeds付诸行动，生效 do the deed直到深夜 deep into the night沉思 deep in thought深夜 deep into the night毫不耽搁，立刻 without delay迟迟未做某事 delay doing sth.发表（演说等） deliver a speech满足要求 meet the demands外语系 foreign language department百货商店 department store难以形容 beyond description决心做某事 be determined to do sth.随着工业的发展 with the development of industry献身于，致力于 devote oneself to处于灭亡的危险中 be in danger of dying out没作用，没影响 make no difference做有困难，难以 have difficulty in doing sth.应邀赴宴 be invited to dinner向四面八方 in all directions做出新的发现 make a new discovery正在讨论中 under discussion洗盘子 wash dishes在远方，在远处 in the distance对冷淡 be distant toward sb.对有益 do good to 做坏事，犯罪 do wrong挨门挨户 from door to door隔壁的 next door下楼 go downstairs到市区去 go downtown缓慢前进，拖延 drag ones feet催人泪下 draw tears from sb.渴望做某事 dream of doing sth.在墙上钻孔 drill a hole in the wall赶走 drive off使某人发狂 drive sb. mad挣钱 earn money谋生 earn ones living 究竟 on earth别着急，别紧张，放松些 take it easy对有很大影响 have a great effect on 努力做某事 make efforts to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.量入而出；使收支相抵 make ends meet美满的结局 a happy ending说英语的国家 English-speaking countries报名比赛 enter oneself for a contest剧场的入口 the entrance to the theater在除夕 on New Years Eve虽然，即使 even if / even though时事 current events参加考试 have / take an examination进行体格检查 carry out a medical examination考试及格 pass an examination为树立榜样 set an example to sb.做早操 do morning exercises产生，成立 come into existence做实验 carry / do / make an experiment做解释，说明 make an explanation 做鬼脸，装怪相 make a face事实上 as a matter of fact未能 fail to do sth.落后，掉队 fall behind对而熟悉 be familiar with sth.因而闻名 be famous for 作为而闻名 be famous as摸某人的脉 feel ones pulse觉得想做 feel like doing sth.伤害某人的感情 hurt ones feelings春节 the Spring Festival发高烧 have a high fever科学领域 the field of science五十多岁时 in ones fifties关键人物 a key figure填写表格 fill in the form刹那间 in a flash一场大洪水 a big / great flood扫地 sweep the floor在三层 on the third floor三层楼的建筑 a building of three storeys正在开花 be in flowers放（风筝等） fly a kite糊里糊涂 in a fog欺骗，愚弄某人 make a fool of sb.在山脚下 at the foot of the mountain空军 the air force靠武力，强行 by force用很大力气 with great force对外贸易 foreign trade养成好习惯 form a good habit碰碰运气 try ones fortune每四个一组（一批）；四个四个地 in fours常客 a frequent visitor新手 a fresh hand同交朋友 make friends with那时起 from then on 不时地，时常 from time to time不劳而不获。 No pains, no gains.做游戏 play games代沟 generation gap开始认真（做某事） get down to sth.陷入麻烦 get into trouble有音乐天分 have a gift for music用尽，耗尽，筋疲力尽 give out朝看了一眼 take a glance at 向人瞪眼，怒目而视 glare at（灯，火）熄灭 go out复习功课