A-工艺美术-扇子-装饰.docx

段落翻译扇子：中文：扇子在中国人的生活中举足轻重。无论男女都可以随身带着扇子。扇子种类繁多，各有用途。扇子在中国如此重要，因此人们也非常看重扇子的装饰。优质的中国扇子所体现出的精致品位（exquisite taste）也从未被超越。在中国，许多伟大的画家倾其才华来装饰扇子，而且装饰好的扇子并不总是用来使用的。语言要点：be reserved for; attach significance to; high-quality; equal (v.); devote to译文：The fan has played an important part in Chinese life. Fans were carried by men as well as women. There were many classes of fans, each reserved for some special purpose. With so much significance attached to the fan in China, a great deal of attention was paid to its decoration. The exquisite taste displayed in the decoration of high-quality Chinese fans has never really been equaled. In China, many of the great painters devoted their talents to the decoration of fans, and the resulting works of art were not always for actual use. 段落翻译塔中文：中国古塔（pagoda）大小不一，形状各异。有些像楼，有些像亭（pavilion），有些则像金字塔。有些孤零零的，而有些则成群而建。大多数中国古塔是和中国佛教（Buddhist）传统有关。最早的塔建于公元一世纪，当时佛教刚从印度传入中国。一些塔是为封建（feudal）统治者而建，为了让他们与据说是住在云端的神仙们(immortal)交流。其它塔则保存着宗教文物（artifacts）和遗址（relics）。陕西西安壮观的大雁塔(the Wild Goose Pagoda)也许就是这种佛塔的一个最好的例证。语言要点：in clusters; be connected to; be introduced to译文：Chinese pagodaspgd come in various sizes and shapes. Some look like towers, others like pavilions, and still others like pyramids prmd. Some stand alone, while others are built in clustersklst(r). Most Chinese pagodas are connected to the Buddhist tradition in China. The earliest were built in the first century AD, when Buddhism was introduced to China from India. Some were built for feudal rulers to communicate with the immortals who were believed to live in the clouds. Others housed religious artifacts and relics. The best example of these Buddhist pagodas is perhaps the imposing Wild Goose Pagoda in Xian, Shanxi provinces. 段落翻译C-古代建筑-园林-石水元素-4中文几大元素构成了中国古典园林之美。其中，石是一大重要元素，因它特殊的形状、颜色和质地（texture）而被看重。水，作为另一大重要元素，被中国私家园林广泛采纳，不仅因为它实质的美，也在于它的重要象征意义。水是道教最喜欢的象征之一，老子（Lao Tzi）曾说过“上善若水”，水也许会退却，但能征服任何障碍。语言要点：constitute; valued for; more appreciated than; resemblance; not only but also; yield; 译文：Several elements constitute the beauty of classical Chinese gardens. Among them, stone is an important component, valued for its specialshapes, colors as well as the texture.Water, as another important element, is widely used in the Chinese private gardens, not only because of its physical beauty but also for its important symbols. Water is one of Taoists favorite symbols. Lao Tzi had remarked that “the highest virtue is like water,” which may yields, but can overcome any obstacles.段落翻译中文：根据古代中国哲学，宇宙万物都可以用阴（yin）阳（yang）来描述。这也是中医（Traditional Chinese Medicine）的根本理念之一。人体生命的存在依赖于阴阳平衡，失去平衡人就会生病。中医与西医的主要区别在于中医治“阳”而西医治“阴”。也就是说，西医作用于身体的物质本身，即细胞和化学物，中医则关注如何能量激活细胞活力。语言要点：in terms of ; result in; lie in; primary译文：According to the ancient Chinese philosophy, everything in the universe can be described in terms of yin or yang. This is also one of the underlying philosophies of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Human bodys life exits in the balance of yin and yang, the loss of which results in sickness. The primary difference between Chinese and Western medicine lies in that Chinese medicine deals with yang and Western medicine deals with yin. That is to say, Western medicine acts upon the substance of the body, the actual cells and chemicals, and Chinese medicine works more on the energy that animates those cells.段落翻译中文：中国的活字印刷术（movable type printing）先向东传到了朝鲜、日本，接着向西传到波斯（Persia）、埃及。14世纪末，一种用雕版印刷术（woodblock printing）制作的拉丁教科书出现在欧洲。印刷术的发明大大加快了世界各国文化发展、交流的速度。例如，印刷术影响并塑造了欧洲的文艺复兴（Renaissance）和宗教改革（Reformation）时期。印刷术使书变得便宜而使教育普及。毫无疑问，活字印刷术对世界的影响是深远的。语言要点：introduce; speed up; shape; popularize; It is no doubt that; profound译文：Chinas movable type printing was first introduced eastward to Korea and Japan, and then westward to Persia and Egypt. At the end of the 14th century, a Latin textbook made from woodblock printing appeared in Europe. The invention of the technique of printing greatly sped up the international development of culture and exchange. For example, it influenced and shaped both the Renaissance and the Reformation periods in Europe. Education was popularized through printing as books became cheaper. It is no doubt that the influence of the moveable type printing had upon the world was profound. 段落翻译中文:武术，也称为功夫或中华武术，是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产，是一项具有民族特色的传统民间竞技技术。武术历史悠久，习武者（practitioners）众多。根据武术中使用的不同动作，可形成不同套路（set exercises）的徒手（barehanded）或持器械的动作组合。武术形式可以是单打、双打或多人打斗。习武者在或攻击或防御、或快或慢、或强或弱的动作中，相互打斗较量，试图打败对方。习武有助于人们强劲体魄（physique），锻炼意志、培养人格、保护生命。语言要点：heritage, based on, offensive, defensive, preserve, cultivate 译文：Wushu, also known asgongfuor martial arts, a valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, is a traditional Chinese sport with a unique national characteristic. It enjoys a long history and a large number of practitioners. Based on movements employed in fighting,wushuis practiced in various types of set exercises, either barehanded or with weapons. They can be practiced singly, in pairs or collectively. Offensive or defensive, quick or slow, hard or soft, the practitioners wrestle with each other and try to outwit each other. Wushu helps people build their physique, heighten their will, cultivate themselves and preserve their lives.段落翻译中文：“华夏”指史前（prehistoric times）居住在黃河流域一带的部落联盟（confederation of tribes），这些部落成为后来中国汉族的祖先。黄帝（Huangdi）和炎帝（Yandi）被视为华夏民族的始祖。传说他们都来自炎黄部落，后来成为两个敌对的部落的首领。在阪泉之战，黄帝最终打败炎帝，统治中原地区（the Central Plains）所有部落。从此，中原地区各部落的沟通和交流得到进一步的加强，经过长期的融合（integration）和发展，形成了华夏族。语言要点：refer to; the Han ethnic group; Legend has it that; opposing; rule over; strengthen译文：Huaxia refers to a confederation of tribes living along the Yellow River in prehistoric times, who were the ancestors of what later became the Han ethnic group in China. Huangdi and Yandi are both regarded as the ancestors of the Huaxia people. Legend has it that they both came from the Yanhuang tribe, and later became chiefs of two opposing tribes. In the Battle of Banquan, Huangdi eventually defeated Yandi and ruled over all the tribes of the Central Plains. From then on, the communication and exchange of these tribes were further strengthened, which gave birth to the Huaxia people after a long-term integration and development. 段落翻译中文：唐代文化是中国文化的一个高峰，古典诗歌发展到全盛时期（in full blossom）。在唐代300余年的历史中，产生的流传于后世的诗歌就有48900多首。唐诗在创作方法上，现实主义（realism）与浪漫主义（romanticism）并举。唐诗在形式上有五言、七言绝句和律诗（four-line and eight-line verse）。唐代著名诗人有李白、杜甫、白居易等。直到今天，唐诗仍为人们所喜闻乐见，许多诗篇连儿童都能背诵。语言要点：witness a peak, hand down, combine, be fond of译文：The Tang Dynasty witnessed a peak in Chinese culture, and ancient poetry was in full blossom. In more than 300 years of history of the Tang Dynasty, some 48900 poems were created and handed down, and remain widely known today. As far as the writing technique is concerned, the Tang poetry combined realism and romanticism. In form, poetry of the Tang Dynasty contained four-line and eight-line verse with five or seven characters in each line. The noted poets in the Tang Dynasty include Li Bai, Du Fu and BaiJuyi, etc. Even today, Chinese people are still very fond of the Tang poetry, many of which can be recited even by children.段落翻译中文：南京长江大桥（The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge）是中国第一座自己设计建造的双层双线（double-deckerand double-line）公路、铁路两用大桥。犹如一道彩虹凌空江上，它是中国造桥史上的一座里程碑，也是中国人民的骄傲。南京长江大桥的建成，使横跨长江的交通由过去的一个半小时缩短为二分钟，大大方便了长江两岸的交流和往来，对促进经济发展和改善人民生活产生了积极的作用。语言要点：hang over; milestone; shorten from to ; facilitate译文：The NanjingYangtze RiverBridge is the first double-decker and double-line bridge of road and railway, designed and built independently by Chinese people. Like a rainbow hanging over the river, it is a milestone in Chinas history of bridge construction and a pride of Chinese people. The completion of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge has shortened the journey across the Yangtze River from one and a half hours in the past to two minutes, greatly facilitating the communications and exchangeson the both banks of the Yangtze River, and playing an active role in promoting th