高中英语语法复习学案教师版-冠词.doc

高中英语语法复习学案教师版冠词 Underline the articles in the following sentences and tell the usages of them1. The (特指) famous sports star, who is also a (一个) great success in business, is in possession of a (一笔) huge fortune.2. As is reported, the (普通名词构成的专有名词前) CPI went up mainly because of an (元音音素前，表“一”) 18.2% rise in food prices.(一) 不定冠词的用法1. 【填冠词】a university a one-eyed dog a European caran hour an X-ray an ugly man an honor【总结】不定冠词有a; an 两种形式，当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音 （不是元音字母）时用an当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音（不是辅音字母）时用a【题组训练】1. I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket casher on Saturday.2. The teacher asked us to write an 800- word long composition.2. 【用英语解释冠词的用法】1) They are an age. ( = the same)2) I will return in a day or two. ( = one)3) Hi, John. A Mr. Smith is waiting for you outside. ( = a certain)【题组训练】1. Theres a dictionary on the desk by your side.2. I know a John Lemon, but not the one you know.3. They are twins, so they are of an age.3. 【填冠词】1) My work experience and education background have supplied me with many skills and an understanding of dealing with the teenagers.2) He has a fine collection of paintings.3) A knowledge of a foreign language is necessary.4) You need X specialized knowledge to do this job.【总结】有些由动词转化而来的不可数名词，如果后面有of, 在这些名词前需要加上a 或an，即抽象名词的具体化4. 【短语】have a cold have a good time have a gift for have a word with in a hurry once in a whileat a loss for a while once upon a time all of a sudden at a distance have a population ofa waste of have / take a rest have a holiday get a lift / ride go on a diet a matter of 【题组训练】 1. I dont want to have words with you. I prefer to have a word with you.2. X W(w)ord came that the president would inspect them.【特殊位置】1. What an interesting book I have read! = How interesting a book I have read! what / such / half + a / an + 可数名词单数2. This dress is twice as expensive as that one. = This is twice as expensive a dress as that one. so / as / too / how / however + adj. + a / an + 可数名词单数3. That was a quite extraordinary experience. = That was quite an extraordinary experience. quite / rather + a / an (+ adj.) + 可数名词单数(二) 定冠词的用法1. 【观察】 1) The Greens are at table. 2) The Chens are going to move to Langfang.【总结】 用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或者夫妇2. 【观察】 the Tang Dynasty the Spring and Autumn Period in the 1990s 【总结】 用在朝代、年代名词前和逢十的数词（表示某个年代）前3. 【观察】 1) I have hired the car by the hour. 2) Eggs are sold by the dozen. 【总结】 用在表量度单位的名词前，表示“每一”【题组训练】 1. The diet is measured in X calories, while the food is sold by the pound. 2. The cost of this product is calculated by X weight.4. 【填介词】 take sb. by the arm hit sb. in the face strike sb. on the back 【总结】 句型： 动词 + sb. + 介词 + the + 身体部位5. 【短语】make the most / best of in the daytime in the end in the habit of in the distance in the wayon the whole on the right / left at the same time on the one hand on the other hand at the momentgo to the cinema / theatre go to the doctors the other day for the time being on the radio / phoneon the spot to tell you the truth by the way to the public6. 【观察】 How do you like the film? 【总结】在特指的人或物前，表示“这 / 那” 7. 【观察】 This is my room, the room is bright and clean. 【总结】 用在前面提到过的人或物的前面，或者与其相关的事物前8. 【观察】 Please remember to take the medicine. 【总结】 用在双方都知道的人或物前9. 【观察】the sun; the moon; the sky 【总结】用在世界上独一无二的事物及自然现象前10. 【观察】 The car goes faster than the bike. 【总结】定冠词可以用来表示类指11. 【观察】 The first girl is his younger sister. 【总结】定冠词可以用在序数词前12. 【观察】 This is the best book I have read. 【总结】定冠词可以用在形容词和副词的最高级前13. 【观察】 He is the taller of the two boys. 【总结】 定冠词可以用在形容词的比较级前，表示“两者中较的”14. 【观察】 the young; the living; the dead【总结】定冠词用在形容词、动词-ing、或者动词过去分词前，表示一类人、一类事或一类活动15. 【观察】The milk on the table is her. This is the place where I once lived. 【总结】定冠词可以用在被修饰性的名词短语或从句前16. 【观察】 the police; the family 【总结】定冠词可以用在集体名词或可数名词复数前，表示整体17. 【观察】Bell invented the telephone in 1861. 【总结】在表示发明的单数可数名词前用定冠词18. 【观察】 play the piano; play the violin 【总结】表示乐器的名词前要用定冠词19. 【观察】 in the south of French 【总结】方位名词前用定冠词20. 【观察】the Changjiang Rive; the South Sea; Mount Qilian; Taiwan Island; Lake Michigan 【总结】 在江、河、海、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前用定冠词；而山峰、岛屿、湖泊前用零冠词21. 【观察】 the barbers (shop); the tailors (shop) 【总结】 在表示公共团体、公共建筑和店铺的名词前要用零冠词22. 【观察】 in the rain; in a heavy rain 【总结】在表示自然现象的名词前要用定冠词；但是如果名词前有形容词修饰的话，要用零冠词23. 【观察】 the more, the better 【总结】 “the + 形容词比较级，the + 形容词比较级” 意思是“越 越”24. 【观察】 the Christians; the Americans; the working class 【总结】 “the + 某些名词”表示民族、阶层等25. 【观察】 exactly the same color; just the right place; half the story; double the amount 【总结】 在名词词组中，定冠词一般放在最前面；但是词组中有exactly; just; half; double; twice; all; both 等修饰词的话，定冠词应该放在这些词后面(三) 零冠词的用法1. 【观察】1) Father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble. 2) Horses are useful animals. 【总结】 不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词【题组训练】 1) He likes to talk on the phone while I prefer writing X letters. 2) Water is changed into X steam by heat and into X ice by cold. 3) The W(w)ater in the well is sweet.2. 【口诀】 月、季、星期、节假、洲； 呼语、头衔、职务前； 三餐、球类、惯用语；学科、棋类名词前【题组训练】 1) X A(a)utumn is the harvest season. 2) The organization was founded in the spring of 2010. 3. 【观察】 1) Has he turned scientist? 2) When did he become a scientist? 【总结】系动词turn (变成)后的单数名词做表语， 用零冠词4. 【句型转换】 1) Although he is a hero, he has some shortcomings. Hero as / though he is, he has some shortcomings.2) Though he is a young man, he has seen much of the world. Young man as / though he is, he as seen much of the world.【总结】 as 表示“尽管”时， 做表语的单数名词放在句首，省略冠词a / an5. 【特殊用法】翻译： 老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。 The teacher came in, book in hand. / with a book in his hand. / holding a book in his hand. / a book held in his hand.6. 【短语】pen and ink master and servant on second thoughts no such boy come to light come to powergive birth to in case of come / rank first ahead of time in debt day and night in publichusband and wife father and son sun and moon side by side shoulder to shoulder catch fireface to face 【题组训练】1) Mary is always shy in X public, and she never dares to make a speech to the public.2) The little girl is very happy, X flower on X head.3) He turned X politician many years ago.【注意】1. 名词前有this; that; these; those; some; no 或形容词性物主代词时，用零冠词2. during the summer of 2014 It was a hard winter 在表示时间的名词前，如果是特指，要用the; 如果表示的是具有某种特点的某个时间，需要用a 或an3. 一般在中国传统的节日前需要用the; 而其他由 “Day” 构成的节日前用零冠词4. This is a good lunch. How do you like the breakfast?三餐的名词前如果有修饰性形容词，则要加a 或 an; 如果是特指，则要用the5. Hyde Park London Bridge 由专有名词+普通名词构成的专有名词用零冠词6. Room 312 基数词表示编号是，用零冠词7. by bus / train / plane by + 交通工具的名词，用零冠词8. Some people think that husband and wife should never work together. 以and 连接的两个相对名词并用时，用零冠词四、冠词的活用1. 【填冠词】 1) I didnt think my chance of X success were very good. 2) His new book was a great success. 3) The girl came as a complete surprise to me. 4) He expressed the surprise that no one had offered to help. 5) Of her plays, three were successes and one was a failure. 6) Just as the famous saying goes, X failure is the mother of X success 【总结】抽象名词具体化时，前面可能会用a 或an；特指时应该用the2. 【填冠词】 1) Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? 2) This pair of shoes is not fit for me. Would you show me a bigger one? 3) He is the most diligent student in our class. 4) It is a most useful book. (a very useful) 【总结】形容词比较级前用the 表示“两者当中较的” 形容词比较级前用a / an 表示“再/ 更” most 前用the 表示“三者或以上中最的” most 前用a , 并无比较含义，而是等于very3. 【观察】 1) Go down this road and turn left at the second crossing. 2) Can you give me a second chance, please? 3) He was only 5 years old when I first saw him. 【总结】 “the + 序数词”表示排序；“a + 序数词”表示“又一、再一”；序数词修饰动词时，用零冠词4. 【填冠词】 1) Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon. 2) A full moon hangs over the garden. 【总结】世界上独一无二的事物前一般用the; 但如果名词前有修饰成分，可用a / an5. 【观察】 Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.【总结】牢记高考证常见的纯不可数名词，它们是：weather; fun; space (太空); advice; word (=news); progress; information; news, 以上不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用6. 【观察】play the piano; play the violin; play erhu; He is playing a borrowed violin. 【总结】西洋乐器名称前往往用定冠词，但是当此类名词用作普通名词时，可以与不定冠词连用； 中国乐器名称前用零冠词7. 【观察】Beijing New York the Changjiang River the Hudson River the West Lake the Great wall the Summer Place Beijing University = the university of Beijing 【总结】A. 不含有普通名词的纯专有名词前用零冠词 B. 在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、运河前用定冠词 C. 在由普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词 D. 有一些地名，如果是以纯专有名词开头的，一般用零冠词； 但是如果是以普通名词开头的，一般用定冠词8. 【观察】有无冠词的区别go to school 去上学 go to / be at church 去做礼拜/ 在做礼拜go to the school 到学校去（不一定是去上学） go to / be at the church 去/在教堂（不一定是在做礼拜）go to bed 就寝；上床睡觉 go to sea 出海（是海员）go to the bed 向床走去；走到床前（不一定是去睡觉） go to the sea 去海边（不一定是海员）be in hospital 在住院 be in prison 在坐牢be in the hospital 在医院里（不一定是病人） be in the hospital 在监狱（不一定是犯人）in front of 在(外部) 的前面 sit at table 吃饭in the front of 在(内部) 的前面 sit at the table 坐在桌旁（不一定是吃饭）by day 在白天 take place 发生by the day 按天计算 take the place of 代替in possession of sth. 拥有某物 in sight of 能看见in the possession of sb. 为某人所拥有 in the sight of 据的见解in place of 代替 in future 今后in the place of 在的地方 in the future 将来take advice 征求意见 He is still in office. 他仍在执政。take the advice 听从劝告 He is still in the office 他仍然在办公室里She is in cl