高级英语第一册第九课.ppt

Lesson9MarkTwain MirrorofAmericabyNoelGrove制作人 赵霞 MarkTwain 1835 1910 BackgroundInformation MarkTwainIntroductionofhismajorworksTheGildedAgeandTheGoldRush Abouttheauthor SamuelLanghorneClemens November30 1835 April21 1910 betterknownbythepennameMarkTwain wasanAmericanhumorist satirist writer andlecturer TwainismostnotedforhisnovelsAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnandTheAdventuresofTomSawyer ClemenswasawellknownauthorintheUnitedStates apopularcomedianandmonologist andfriendtopresidents artists leadingindustrialists andEuropeanroyalty MarkTwain sAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnhasbeencalledaGreatAmericanNovel Heenjoyedimmensepublicpopularityandhiskeenwitandincisivesatireearnedhimpraisefrombothcriticsandpeers AmericanauthorWilliamFaulknercalledTwain thefatherofAmericanliterature IntroductionofhismajorworksMarkTwainwrotenovelsprincipally healsowroteshortstories speeches andnon fictionsTheGildedAge 1873 TheAdventuresofTomSawyer 1876 ThePrinceandthePauper 1881 AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn 1884 AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur sCourt 1889 TheTragedyofPudd nheadWilson 1894 Healsowrotesomeautobiographicalworks includingTheInnocentsAbroad 1869 ATrampAbroad 1880 LifeontheMississippi 1883 MarkTwain sAutobiography TheGildedAgeandTheGoldRushTheGildedAge 1873 whichfollowedRoughingIt wasTwain sfirstnovel HewroteitwithhisfriendandfellowHartfordwriter CharlesDudleyWarner ThetitlereferstothedecadesfollowingtheCivilWar Thisbooksatirizestheselfishnessandmoney makingschemesthatwerecommonduringthattime Whatisthechiefendofman togetrich Inwhatway dishonestlyifwecan honestlyifwemust MarkTwain 1871 ThesagaofAmericanwealthcreation bothforthenationandforitsenterprisingcapitalists reacheditspeakduringtheGildedAge aperiodroughlydelimitedbytheendofCivilWarandthebeginningofWorldWarI InAmerica thisperiodwascharacterizedbyseeminglyboundlesseconomicexpansionandtheemergenceofanewnation whichhadcompletedtheconquestofitsvastWesternterritoriesandtakentheleadamongothernations inindustryandtrade Duringthe GildedAge everymanwasapotentialAndrewCarnegie andAmericanswhoachievedwealthcelebrateditasneverbefore InNewYork theopera thetheatre andlavishpartiesconsumedtherulingclass leisurehours Whiletherichworediamonds manyworerags RuralAmericansandnewimmigrantscrowdedintourbanareas Tenementsspreadacrosscitylandscapes teemingwithcrimeandfilth Americanshadsewingmachines phonographs skyscrapers andevenelectriclights yetmostpeoplelaboredintheshadowofpoverty LifeontheMississippi 1883 LifeontheMississippi 1883 describesthehistory sights people andlegendsofthesteamboatsandtownsoftheMississippiRiverregion Inthemostvividpassages chapters4through17 Twainrecalledhisownpilotingdays ThesechaptershadoriginallybeenpublishedintheAtlanticMonthlyin1875as OldTimesontheMississippi TheCaliforniaGoldRush 1848to1859 TheGoldRushwasoneofthemostsignificanteventsinCaliforniahistory ItbroughtpeoplefromallovertheUnitedStatesandtheworldinsearchforgold FollowingthediscoveryofgoldinCaliforniain1848 theworldrushedin EagergoldseekersheadedsouthfromOregon northfromMexico Chile andPeru eastfromChinaandtheislandsofthePacific andwestfromeverystateintheunionandcountriesthroughoutEurope Thisrichnessofintersectingfrontiersproducedthemostethnicallydiverseregioninthenation Structureofthetext Part1 par 1 AgeneralintroductionofMarkTwainPart2 par 2 20 MarkTwain smainexperiencesandworksPart3 par 21 22 Marktwain sdisappointmentinhumanlifeinlateryears DetailedStudyofthetextPart1 Para 1 Part1 par 1 AgeneralintroductionofMarkTwainIntroductionThefirstparagraphservesasanintroductionofthewholetext ItprovidesangeneralappraisalofMarkTwain thefatherofHackandTom thenation sbest lovedauthor andthegoodnewsandbadnews Theauthoradoptedsomerhetoricaldevicestoillustratethepicture andalsosomeveryemphaticadjectives adverbs suchaseternal endless everybit profound etc Thefirstparagraphishighlyconclusive Questions 1 Identifyandexplainthemetaphorinthefirstsentence 2 Whatistheimplicationofthetwoadjectives eternal and endless 3 WhywasTwainsaidtobeadventurous patriotic romantic andhumorous 4 Whatdidtheauthormeanby IfoundanotherTwain 5 Identifyandexplainthemetaphorinthelastsentence WordsandExpressions cruise Acruiseisaholidayduringwhichyoutravelonashipandvisitlotsofplaces Whenitisusedasaverb itmeanstomoveataconstantspeedthatiscomfortableandunhurried Hewasonaworldcruise cruisemissile amissilewhichcarriesanuclearwarheadandwhichisguidedbyacomputerasitflies Itcanbelaunchedfromtheland seaorair TheyspendthesummercruisingintheGreekislands ThetaxicruisedoffdowntheChang anAvenue cruiser alargefastwarship cf aircraftcarrier helicoptercarrier battleship flagship destroyer speedboat torpedoboat etc everybitas infml justas quiteas Heiseverybitascleverasyouare I meverybitassorryaboutitasyou Cynic memberofaschoolofancientGreekphilosophythatdespisedeaseandcomfortacynicalremark attitude smileThey vegrownrathercynicalaboutdemocracy ienolongerbelievethatitisanhonestsystem obsess fillthemindcontinuously AmE toworrycontinuouslyandunnecessarily Ifsthobsessesyouorifyouareobsessedwithitorbyit youkeepthinkingaboutitoveralongperiodoftime andfinditdifficulttothinkaboutanythingelse Hebecameabsolutelyobsessedwithagirlreporterontelevision Sheisobsessedbythedesiretobecomeagreatscientist cf preoccupy tofillthethoughtsorholdtheinterestofsb almostcompletely esp sothatnotenoughattentionisgiventoother present matters Paraphrase MirrorofAmerica Metaphor Amirrorreflectsorrevealsthetruthofsomethingorsomebody MostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefather Father metaphor Endless hyperbole Thewholesentence parallelism MarkTwainisfamoustomostAmericansasthecreatorofHackFinnandTomSawyer Hack ssailing voyage journey travelontheriverwassopleasant lighthearted carefree simpleandpeacefulthatitmadehisboyhoodseemtobeinfinite whileTom sindependentmindandhisexcitinganddangerousactivitiesmadethesummerseemeverlasting FiguresofSpeech MetaphorMirrorofAmericaMostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefather UnderstatementParallelism hyperbole MostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefatherofHuckFinn sidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhoodandTomSawyer sendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure I DetailedStudyoftheTextPartII Para2 20 Part2 par 2 20 MarkTwain smainexperiencesandworksSection1 Trampprinter thesettledUnitedStates thesetting backgroundknowledgeSection2 YoungMark thatinventedretreating earlyyearsoflifeontheMississippiandasaConfederateguerrillaSection3 Hewentwest best seller Onhiswaytosuccess Section4 Attheage renewouredges Commentonhisbestworks Question1 WhycanwesayTwainisstillapopularwriter 2 Wherewasthemainchanneloftransportationinhischildhood 3 Whatdoesitmeanby medicineshow 4 Howdoyouunderstand thewildhumorist 5 Howdidheestablishhisliteraryposition 6 Explain sweptthenation wasgivenalifeofitsown WordsandExpressions frailty aweaknessofcharacterorbehaviour Oneofthefrailtiesofhumannatureislaziness Thatchairlookstoofrailtotakeaman sweight Thereisonlyafrailchancethathewillpasstheexamination tramp apersonwhohasnohomeorpermanentjobandverylittlemoney Trampsgofromplacetoplacegettingfoodandmoneybytakingoccasionaljoborbegging Awomanwhoisthoughttohavesexwithalotofmeniscursedtobeatramp Whenusedasaverb trampmeanstowalkheavilyinaparticulardirectionoralongroadsorstreets There satrampatthedoorbeggingforfood Wetrampedforhoursthroughthesnow Don ttrampaboutsonoisily you llwakeeveryoneup cf 盲流 blindflow unauthorizedmove personswhomovewithoutgovernmentsanction starry fullofstarsinthesky indicatingsparkling glowing andflashing starry eyed fullofunreasonableorsillyhopes Ifyouarestarry eyed youaresofullofdreamsorhopesoridealisticthoughtsthatyoudonotseehowthingsreallyare Wewereallstarry eyedaboutvisitingLondon range totravelwithoutanydefiniteplanordestination afairlyliteraryuse cf wander range saunter stroll Wanderimpliestheabsenceofafixedcourseormoreorlessindifferencetoacoursethathasbeenfixedorotherwiseindicated Thetermmayimplythemovementofawalkerwhetherhumanoranimal butitmaybeusedofanythingcapableofdirection Hiseyeswanderedoverthelandscape Hismindwanderedandhewasunsureofhimself Rangemaybepreferredwhenliteralwanderingisnotimpliedorwhenthestressisonthesweepofterritorycoveredratherthanontheformoflocomotioninvolved Hespentthesummerrangingtheworld Animalsrangethroughtheforests Saunterstressesaleisurelypaceandinidleandcarefreemind Strolldiffersfromsaunterchieflyintheimplicationsofanobjective assight seeingorexercise pursuedwithouthasteandsometimeswithwanderingfromoneplacetoanother strolling around inthepark adopt totakeanduseasone sownTheUSgovernmentdecidedtoadoptahardlinetowardsterrorists Congresshasadoptedthenewmeasures Iadoptedtheirmethodofmakingthemachine adoptaname acustom anidea astyleofdress Havingnochildrenoftheirowntheydecidedtoadoptanorphan dog Paul smotherhadhimadoptedbecauseshecouldn tlookafterhimherself heradoptedcountry ienothernativecountrybuttheoneinwhichshehaschosentolive adept insth at indoingsth She sadeptatgrowingroses He sanadeptincarpentry adapt sth forsth makesthsuitableforanewuse situation etc modifysthThismachinehasbeenspeciallyadaptedforuseunderwater ThisnovelhasbeenadaptedforTVfromtheRussianoriginal Oureyesslowlyadaptedtothedark Paraphrase withthelanguagethathesoakedupwith Heabsorbedanddigestedthecolourfullanguagewithanastonishinggoodmemorywhichseemedtobeabletorecordthingslikeaphonographic gramophone maincurrentofpioneeringhumanity metaphor peoplewithpioneeringspiritwhoformsthemajority themainpartofthemwerepeoplewithdevotion dedicationtoopenupnewareasandpreparewaysforothers FiguresofSpeech Metaphorsawclearlyaheadablackwallofnight mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnation sheartthevastbasindrainedthree quartersofthesettledUnitedStatesAllwouldresurfaceinhisbooks thathesoakedup Steamboatdecksteemed maincurrentof butitsflotsamWhenrailroadsbegandryingupthedemand theepidemicofgoldandsilverfever Simile amemorythatseemedphonographicPersonification toliterature senduringgratitude anentrythatwilldeterminehiscourseforever thegraveworldsmilesasusual Antithesis betweenwhatpeopleclaimtobeandwhattheyreallyare tookunholyverbalshotsattheHolyLand Alliteration theslow sleepy sluggish brainedslothsstayedathome DetailedStudyofthetext Part3 par 21 22 Marktwain sdisappointmentinhumanlifeinlateryears Questions1 WhatareTwain spersonaltragedies 2 Howmightthesetragediesinfluencehispersonalityandwriting 3 Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph 4 Identifythefiguresusedin theyvanish hadexisted WordsandExpressions feedonsth benourishedorstrengthenedbysthHatredfeedsonenvy pad toprotectormakesthmorecomfortablebycoveringorfillingwithsoftmaterialajacketwithpaddedshouldersHepaddedtheseatofthechairwithsomefoamedplastics n anythingmadeorfilledwithasoftmaterialusedtoprotectsth ormakeitmorecomfortable ortofilloutashapeGetapadtosit lieon Thefootballplayerworeapadonhisknee ashoulderpadawritingpad Nowtheglovescameoffwithbitingsatire glove mittentheglovesareoff sbisreadyforafight be handinglove workingincloseassociationHewasfoundtobehandinglovewiththeenemy anironfist handinavelvetglove anappearanceofgentlenessconcealingseverity determination etcIfyoudescribesb ashavinganironfistinavelvetglove youmeanthattheyhideafirmanddeterminedpersonalitybehindagentleandquietmanner glovepuppet kindofpuppetwornonthehandandworkedbythefingersbite a cutintowiththeteethThatdogjustbitmeintheleg Stopbitingyournails badlybittenbymosquitoes asnakeOncebitten twiceshy Itriedtosellhimmyoldcar buthewouldn tbite iehe b criticizesbangrily andoftenunfairly Iwasonlyfiveminuteslatebutshereallybitmyheadoff biting causingasmartingpainabitingwind ofremarks sharplycritical cuttingbitingsarcasmsatire Satireisridiculeorironyorsarcasmthatisused esp inplaysandnovels toshowhowfoolishorwickedsomepeople sbehaviourorideasare NowMarkTwainthrewawaythepretendedsoftnessandge