中英文对照各种施工工艺大全.doc

中英文对照各种施工工艺大全1、 钢结构工程Steel Project1.1钢结构焊接 Welded Steel1.1.1工艺流程 作业准备电弧焊接（平焊、立焊、横焊、仰焊）焊缝检查Process Ready to workArc Weld(Flat Welding、Stand Welding、Sidelong Welding 、Welding belief) Weld inspection1.1.2钢结构电弧焊接:Arc Welding Steel:1.1.2.1平焊:选择合适的焊接工艺,焊条直径,焊接电流,焊接速度,焊接电弧长度等,通过焊接工艺验证;清理焊口:焊前检查坡口、组装间隙是否符合要求，定位焊是否牢固，焊缝周围不得有油污、锈物；烘焙焊条应符合规定温度与时间，从烘箱中取出的焊条，放在焊条保温桶内，随用随取；焊拉电源：根据焊件厚度、焊接层次、焊条型号、直径、焊工熟练程度等因素，选择适宜的焊接电流；引弧：角焊缝起落弧点应在焊缝端部，宜大于10，不应随便打弧，打火引弧后应立即将焊条从焊缝区拉开，使焊条块结合与构件间保持24间隙产生电弧。对接焊缝及对接和角接组合焊缝，在焊缝两端设引弧板和引出板，必须在引弧板上引出后再焊到焊缝区，中途接头则应在焊缝接头前方1520处打火引弧，将焊件预热后再将焊条退回到焊缝起始处，把熔池填满到要求的厚度后，方可向前施焊；焊接速度：要求等速焊接，保证焊缝厚度、宽度均匀一致，从面罩内看熔池中铁水与熔渣保持等距离（23）为宜；焊接电弧长度：根据焊条型号不同而确定，一般要求电弧长度稳定不变，酸性焊条一般为34，碱性焊条一般为23为宜；焊接角度：根据两焊件的厚度确定，焊接角度有两个方面，一是焊条与焊接前进方向的夹角为6075；二是焊条与焊接左右夹角有两种情况，当焊件厚度相等时，焊件与焊件夹角为45；当焊件厚度不等时，焊条与较厚焊件一侧夹角应大于焊条与薄焊件一侧夹角；收弧：每条焊缝焊到末尾，应将弧坑填满后，往焊接方向相反的方向带弧，使弧坑甩在焊道貌岸然里边，以防弧坑咬肉。焊接完毕，应采用气割切除弧板，并修磨平整，不许用锤击落；清渣：整条焊缝焊完后清除熔渣，经焊工自检（包括外观及焊缝尺寸等）确无问题后，方可转移地点继续焊接。Flat Welding : choice of welding technology, electrode diameter, welding current, welding speed, the length of arc welding, weld process verification; Welding : welding inspection clearance groove, assembly space whether it meets the requirements, positioning it firmly welding, weld around is not oil, rust; Electrode temperature and baking time should be required, the rod removed from the oven. tempreture-constant drum on the electrode, then used as admission; Latin America : welding supply welding thickness, welding levels and electrode type and diameter, skilled welders and other factors, and to select appropriate welding current; fillet weld arc : fluctuations in the point arc weld end, they are advised more than 10 mm, is not hard arc, sparking arc weld zone from the electrode should be started immediately. Component integration and maintaining so-rod pieces have 2-4 mm gap arc. Butt Weld and docking and corner combinations Weld, in Weld ends located arc plate and extraction plate in igniting board then leads to the welding seam, joint halfway shall weld joints in front of 2.0 mm Department Firing arc, welding pieces after preheating rod will return to weld the origin, pool filled to the required thickness, before forward welding; Welding speed : Isokinetic welding requirements to ensure weld thickness, width uniform, which masks to look for hot metal and slag bath equidistance (2-3 mm)%; Arc welding rod length : different models and determined that the general requirements of arc length is stable, acid electrode generally 3-4 mm, 2-3 mm normally alkaline electrode%; Welding perspective : According to determine the thickness of two pieces of welding, welding angle has two aspects : First, the angle between the direction of the rod and welding of 60-75 ; The second is the angle between two electrodes and welding around, the same thickness as welding, welding and welding pieces incident angle of 45 ; When the thickness ranging from welding, welding electrode and thick and thin pieces of welding electrode side angle greater than the angle between the side pieces; Arc : admission to the end of each weld should be filled crater, in the direction opposite to the direction of the back-arc welding, arc welding unchanged inside pit in 1974, to prevent the crater bite of meat. Welding completed, should be removed arc OFC boards and grinding formation, while the hammer down; Slag : After removal of the entire weld slag, welders self (including weld appearance and size, etc.) there is no problem, before relocation to continue welding1.1.2.2立焊:基本操作工艺过程与平焊相同,但应注意下述问题:在同等条件下,焊接电源比平焊电流小10%15%;采用短弧焊接,弧长一般为23;焊条角度根据焊件厚度确定.两焊件厚度相等,焊条与焊条左右方向夹角均为45;两焊件厚度不等时,焊条厚度不等时,焊条与较厚焊件一侧的夹角应大于较薄一侧的夹角.焊条应与垂直面形成6080角,使电弧略向上,吹向熔池中心;收弧:当焊到末尾,采用排弧法将弧坑填满,把电弧移至熔池中央停弧.严禁使弧坑甩在一边.为了防止咬肉,应压低电弧变换焊条角度,使焊条与焊件垂直或由弧稍向下吹.Welding process and the peace operation : basic welding, but they should pay attention to the following issues : under the same conditions, welding current and friction over the plate short-arc welding, arc length is generally 2-3 mm; According to determine perspective welding electrode thickness. Welding two pieces of equal thickness, electrode and the electrode are around 45 angle direction; Two welding thickness ranges, electrode thickness ranges, with thick welding rod side of the incident angle and the angle is larger than the thinner side. with the vertical plane electrode formed 60 to 80 angle, arc slightly upward, towards the pool; Arc welding : admission to the end of the paper that will crater filled arc, arc moved to the central pool stopped arc. To prevent occlude, Transformation should lower electrode arc angle, or vertical rod and welding pieces of blowing down slightly from the arc.1.1.2.3横焊:基本与平焊相同,焊接电流比同条件平焊的电流小10%15%,电弧长24.焊条的角度,横焊时焊条应向下倾斜,其角度为7080,防止铁水下坠.根据两焊件的厚度不同,可适当调整焊条角度,焊条与焊接前进方向为7090.Sidelong Welding same: basic welding, the welding current conditions compared with the current level of welding small beeswax, 2-4 mm long arc. Electrode angle, horizontal welding rod should be balancing its angle of 70 to 80 to prevent the fall of molten iron. According to the thickness of two different welding pieces, it would be appropriate to adjust electrode perspective welding electrode and the direction of 70 -90 1.1.2.3仰焊:基本与立焊、横焊相同,其焊条与焊件的夹角和焊件厚度有关,焊条与焊接方向成7080角,宜有小电流、短弧焊接。Welding belief 、Sidelong Welding and Stand Welding: the same horizontal welding, the welding electrode and the incident angle and thickness of the welding, welding electrode and the direction of 70 to 80 angle are advised to a small current, short-arc welding1.1.3冬期低温焊接:在环境温度低于0条件下进行电弧焊时,除遵守常温焊接的有关规定外,应调整焊接工艺参数,使焊缝和热影响区缓慢冷却.风力超过4级,应采取挡风措施;焊后未冷却的接头,应避免碰到冰雪;钢结构为防止焊接裂纹,应预热以控制层间温度.当工作地点温度在0以下时,应进行工艺试验,以确定适当的预热,后热温度.Welding : In the winter low temperature environment under the conditions of temperature below 0, in addition to compliance with the relevant provisions of temperature welding, the welding parameters should be adjusted so that weld heat affected zone and slow cooling. Wind over four levels, measures should be taken to wind; Not the cooling weld joints should avoid encountered snow; To prevent steel welding cracks. interlayer preheating temperature to be controlled. When the temperature is below zero degree work should be carried out when a process test to determine appropriate preheating, heat temperature.1.2普通紧固件连接工程施工工艺General Parts Construction Technology（1） 成品进场Refined Approach 普通螺栓、铆钉、自攻螺钉、拉铆钉、射钉、锚钉（膨胀型和化学试剂型）、地脚锚栓等坚固标准件及螺母、垫圈等等标准配件，其品种、规格、性能等符合现行国家产品标准和设计要求。Ordinary bolts, rivets, and self-drilling screws, rivets (expansion and chemical reagents), to such strong legs stud and nut standard parts, gaskets, etc. standard accessories, variety, specifications, and other products with existing national standards and design requirements.（2） 螺栓实物复验 Complex and bolts kind experience普通螺栓作为永久性连接螺栓使用时，当设计有要求或对其质量有疑义时，应进行螺栓实物最小拉力载荷复验，其结果符合国家标准坚固件机械性能、螺栓、螺钉和螺柱（GB3098）的规定。Ordinary bolt connecting bolts as a permanent use, when the design requirements or questions about its quality should be carried out when the smallest lag bolts kind complex load testing and the results were consistent with national standardmechanical fasteners, bolts, screws and stud (GB3098).（3） 匹配及间距 Matching and spacing连接薄钢板采用的自攻螺钉、拉铆钉、射钉等其尺寸与被连接钢板相匹配，其间距、边距等应符合设计要求。Thin plate connecting the self-drilling screws, rivets, such as its size and connecting plate by matching their distance, should comply with the design requirements and other fringe.（4） 螺栓坚固 Solid bolts永久性普通螺栓紧固应牢固、可靠，外露丝扣不应少于2扣。Ordinary bolt should be firmly secured permanent, reliable, not less than two exposed screw deduction.（5） 外观质量Appearance Quality自攻钉、钢拉铆钉、射钉等与连接钢板应紧固密贴，外观排列整齐。Since the attack nails, rivets Steel, Steel Nailing should be secured so closely connected with stickers topology neat appearance.1.4零件及部件加工工程施工工艺Components and parts processing Construction Technology（1） 材料进场 Materials approach钢材、钢铸件的品种、规格、性能等应符合现行国家产品标准和设计要求。进口钢材产品的质量应符合设计和合同规定标准的要求。Steel, and steel castings variety of specifications, such products should be consistent with existing national standards and design requirements. The quality of imported steel products should comply with the design standards and the requirements of the contract.（2） 钢材复检 Following the steel complex抽样复验结果应符合现行国家产品标准和设计要求。Complex sample testing results should be in line with existing national product standards and design requirements（3） 切面质量 The quality of plane钢材切割面或剪切面应无裂纹、夹渣、分层和大于1的缺棱。Steel cutting surface or shear surface should have no cracks, slag, stratification and the lack of greater than 1 mm Prism.（4） 矫正和成型 correct and prototyping碳素结构钢在环境温度低于-16、低合金结构钢在环境温度低于-12时，不应进行冷矫正和冷弯曲。碳素结构钢和低合金结构钢在加热矫正时，加热温度不应超过900。低合金结构钢在加热矫正后应自然冷却。当零件采用热加工成型时，加热温度应控制在9001000；碳素结构钢和低合金结构钢在温度分别下降到700和800之前，应结束加工；低合金结构钢应自然冷却。Carbon steel in environmental temperature is below -16 C and low alloy steel in environmental temperature is below -12 C, and the correction should not cold cold bending. Carbon steel and low alloy steel correction in the heating, the heating temperature should not exceed 900 . Low alloy steel and natural heating, cooling should be corrected. When the thermal processing molding components, the temperature should be controlled between 900 1000 C; Carbon steel and low alloy steel and the temperature dropped to 700 C and 800 C, respectively, should end processing; Low alloy steel cooling naturally.（5） 边缘加工Edge processing气割或机械剪切的零件，需要进行边缘加工时，其刨削量不应少于2.0.Mechanical shear components, the need for edge processing, shaving its capacity of not less than 2.0 mm.（6）A.B级螺栓孔（l类孔）应具有H12的精度,孔壁表面粗糙度Ra不应大于12.5m.其孔径的允许偏差应符合规范的规定.C级螺栓孔（类孔）,孔壁表面粗糙度Ra不应大于25M,其允许偏差应符合规范规定.Bolt hole level to B (l category Hole) is the H12 accuracy wall surface roughness Ra should not exceed 12.5m. Its diameter deviation should be allowed to meet the norms. C bolt hole (Class II Hole), the wall surface roughness Ra should not exceed 78, the deviation should be allowed to meet the norms.（7）材料规格尺寸Size specifications钢板厚度及允许偏差应符合其产品标准的要求.型钢的规格尺寸及允许偏差应符合其产品标准的要求.Allow plate thickness and standard deviation shall meet the requirements for their products. Beam deviation should be allowed to meet the size and specifications of their products standards.（8）钢材表面质量Steel surface quality钢材表面的外观质量除应符合国家现行有关标准的规定外,尚应符合规范的规定.In addition to the exterior surface of steel quality standards should be consistent with the existing provisions of the state, there should be in line with norms.（9）切割精度Cutting Accuracy气割的允许偏差应符合规范的规定.机械剪切的允许偏差应符合规范的规定.Deviation should be allowed to comply with the norms. The shear machine error should be allowed to meet the norms.（10）矫正质量Correction quality矫正后的钢材表面,不应有明显的凹面或损伤,划痕深度不得大于0.5,且不应大于该钢材厚度负允许偏差的1/2.冷矫正和冷弯曲的最小弯曲率半径和最大矢高应符合规范的规定.钢材矫正后的允许偏差,应符合规范的规定.After correction of the steel surface and concave or injury should be clear, scratch depth not greater than 0.5 mm, and should not be allowed to outweigh the negative deviation of the thickness of the steel half. Cold cold bending and rectify the minimum and maximum bending radius vector high rate should be in line with norms. After the error correction allows steel, should conform to norms.（11）边缘加工精度Edge machining accuracy边缘加工允许偏差应符合规范的规定.Edge processing deviation should be allowed to meet the norms.（12）制孔精度Precision Drilling螺栓孔孔距的允许偏差应符合规范的规定.螺栓孔孔距的允许偏差超过规范规定的允许偏差时,应采用与母材材质相匹配的焊条补焊后重新制孔.Bolt Hole Spacing should be consistent with the allowable deviation of norms. Bolt Hole Spacing over the allowable deviation of the standard deviation to allow that should be matched with base metal electrode material re-hole fix.1.5单层钢结构安装施工工艺Installation Process Steel monolayer（1） 基础 Foundation建筑物的定位轴线、基础轴线和标高、地脚螺栓的规格及其紧固应符合设计要求。基础顶面直接作为柱的支承面和基础顶面预埋钢板或支座作为柱支承面时，其支承面、地脚螺栓（锚栓）位置的允许偏差应符合规范的规定。Axis positioning buildings, infrastructure and elevation axes, anchor bolt fastening should conform to the specifications and design requirements. Top - directly as a basis and foundation of the bearing surface as the top-embedded steel bearings or bearing surface, the supporting surface, the anchor bolt (Anchor) position should be consistent with the allowable deviation of norms.（2） 构件 Components钢构件应符合设计要求和规范的规定。运输、堆放和吊装等造成的钢构件变形及涂层脱落，应进行矫正和修补。Steel components should comply with the design requirements and norms. Transport, storage and loading of the steel components, such as deformation and peeling coating, repair and should be corrected.（3） 顶紧接触面 The top tight contact设计要求顶紧的节点，接触面不应少于70%紧贴，且边缘最大间隙不应大于0.8.Top tight design requirements of the node, not less than 70% of close contact, and the gap should not exceed 0.8 mm greatest risk.（4） 垂直度和侧弯曲 Vertical and lateral bending钢屋架的垂直度和侧向弯曲的允许偏差应符合规范的规定.Vertical and lateral bending of the steel roof of the deviation should be allowed to meet the norms.（5） 主体结构尺寸 The size of the main structure主体结构的整体垂直度和整体平面弯曲的允许偏差应符合规范的规定.Verticality and the main structure of the overall total deviation should be allowed to meet the plane bending norms.（6） 地脚螺栓精度 Anchor bolt precision地脚螺栓（锚栓）尺寸的偏差应符合规范的规定.地脚螺栓的螺纹应受到保护.Anchor Bolt (Anchor), the error should be consistent with the size norms. Thread the anchor bolt should be protected.（7） 标记 Marker钢柱等主要构件的中心线及标高基准点等标记应齐全.Steel and other major components such as marking the centerline and elevation benchmarks should be complete.（8）梁、柱、檩条等安装精度Beams and columns, purlines installation accuracy梁、柱、檩条的安装的允许偏差应符合规范的规定。Beams and columns and purlines deviation should be allowed to meet the norms.（9）平台等安装精度Platforms installation accuracy钢平台、钢梯、栏杆安装等应符合现行国家标准固定式钢直梯（GB4053.1）、固定式钢斜梯（GB4053.2）、固定式防护栏杆、（GB4053.3）和固定式钢平台（GB4053.4）的规定.钢平台、钢梯和防护栏杆安装的允许偏差应符合规范的规定。Steel platforms, ladders, railings installation should comply with the national standard fixed straight staircase (GB4053.1), fixed steel ladder(GB4053.2), a permanent protective railings， (GB4053.3) and the fixed steel platform(GB4053.4). Steel platform, and the installation of protective railings maximum deviation should be allowed to meet the norms.（10）现场组对精度Precision Group to the scene现场焊缝组对间隙的允许偏差应符合规范的规定。Weld scene deviation should allow the group to meet clearance norms.（11）结构表面Surface structure钢结构表面应干净，结构主要表面不应有疤痕、泥沙等污垢。Steel surface should be clean, not a scar on the major surface structures, such as silt dirt.1.6压型金属板安装施工工艺Pressed metal plate Installation Process（1） 压型金属板进场Pressed metal plate approach金属压型板及制造金属压型板所采用的原材料,其品种、规格、性能等应符合现行国家产品标准和设计要求。压型金属泛水板、包角板、和零配件的品种、规格以及防水密封材料的性能应符合现行国家产品标准和设计要求。Metal plate and metal plate used in the manufacture of raw materials, varieties and specifications, and other products should be consistent with existing national standards and design requirements. Pressed metal pan of water boards, Angle plates, and a variety of spare parts, and sealing materials specifications should conform to the performance of existing national product standards and design requirements.（2） 基板裂纹Substrate cracks压型金属板成型后，其基板不应有裂纹。Pressing sheet metal forming, its substrate should be crack.（3） 涂（镀）层缺陷Coating errors有涂层、镀层的压型金属板成型后，涂、镀层不应有肉眼可见的裂纹、剥落和擦痕等缺陷。A coating, the coating - pressure molding of sheet metal, the coating should be visible to the naked eye, cracked concrete and scratches error.（4）现场安装Field Installation压型金属板、泛水板和包角板等应固定可靠、牢固，防腐涂料涂刷和密封材料敷设完好，连接件数量、间距应符合设计要求和国家现行有关标准规定。Pressed metal plates, the water board and the whole board should be fixed angle reliable, strong, anti-corrosion coatings and sealing material coating installation intact, connector size, spacing and the state should comply with the design requirements of the standard.（5）搭接Lap压型金属板应在支承构件上可靠搭接，搭接长度应符合设计要求且不应小于规范的数值。Pressing sheet metal components in supporting reliable lap, lap length comply with design requirements and should not be less than the numerical standards.（6） 端部锚固Anchorage end组合楼板中压型板与主体结构（梁）的连接，其锚固支承长度应符合设计要求且应小于50，端部锚固件连接应可靠，设置位置应符合设计要求。Floors were plate with the main structure (beam) link, the length of anchor support should comply with the design requirements and should be less than 50 mm, will be a reliable link anchor pieces, location should meet the design requirements.（7） 压型金属板精度Pressure-precision sheet metal压型金属板的尺寸及允许偏差、表面质量、涂层质量等应符合设计要求和规范的规定。Pressed metal plate size and allow deviation, surface quality, quality coating should comply with the design requirements and norms.（8） 轧制精度Rolling accuracy压型金属板的尺寸允许偏差应符合规范的规定。压型金属板施工现场制作的允许偏差符合规范的规定。Pressed metal plates the size of deviation should be allowed to meet norms. Pressure produced by the metal plates to allow the construction site with a standard deviation requirements.（9） 表面质量Surface Quality压型金属板成型后，表面应干净 ，不应有明显的凹凸和皱褶。Pressing sheet metal forming, the surface should be clean, there should be clear and convex fold.（10） 安装质量Installation Quality压型金属板安装应平整、顺直，板面不应有施工残留物和污物。檐口和墙下端应呈直线，不应有未经处理的错钻孔洞。Pressure should be the formation of metal plates installed, straight, there should be no construction of the plate surface residue and dirt. Eave wall and the bottom should shoot and should not be handled without drilling holes in the wrong.（11） 安装精度Installation accuracy压型金属板安装的允许偏差应符合规范的规定。Pressure to allow the installation of metal plates with a standard deviation should be required1.7防腐涂料涂装施工工艺Anticorrosion coating Construction Technology1.7.1工艺流程Process基面清理底漆涂装面漆涂装检查验收Surface cleaning upPainting PrimerPaintingInspection and acceptance1.7.2基层清理Surface cleaning up建筑钢结构工程的油漆涂装应在钢结构安装验收合格后进行.油漆涂刷前,应将需涂装部位的铁锈、焊缝药皮、焊接飞溅物、油污、尘土等杂物清理干净。基面清理除锈质量的好坏，直接关系到涂层质量的好坏。因此涂装工艺的基面除锈质量分为一级和二级，见表5-25的规定Paint steel construction proj