上海沪教版英语八年级下册第二学期知识点归纳集锦.doc

上海沪教版英语八年级下册第二学期知识点归纳集锦第一部分：词与词组、重点词汇与词组1、be interested in _ in danger _ cut down _ _ let out _ belong to _ on earth _ keepalive _ communicate with _ protect oneself_ 2、at ones suggestion _ on ones suggestion _ make a suggestion _ offer a suggestion _ on the suggestion of. _ 3、come to a decision / arrive at a decision / reach a decision _ give a decision for _ give a decision against _ make a decision _4、 take charge of _ under the charge of _ in charge of _5、 agree on _ agree with _ agre to (do sth) _6、 remind sb. of sth, in addition (to), now that, be excellent for, enable sb to do sth, be covered with, feel like be responsible for, now that, help oneself (to + food/drink/vegetable.)4、 happen, take place5、 frozen, freezing、词与词组辨析1、alive, living 都是“活着”的意思，用法不同。例如： alive 是表语形容词，一般在句子中放在系动词后面，用作表语。例如： I am your friend as long as I am alive. 只要我活着就是你的朋友。 living 是定语形容词，一般在句子中放在名词前用作定语。例如： There are not any living things in the mountain area.在这个山区里没有任何活着的东西。2、 patient; impatient; patience3、 comfort; comfortable; comfortably4、reply; answer （v. & n.）5、explain; explanation6、visible; vision； invisible7、contain hold8、experience, experienced9、conclude, conclusion10、go off, go out, go up, go away, go down, go in11、used to do sth, be used to do sth, be used to doing sth, be used as, be used for12、try doing sth, try to do sth13、go on to do sth, go on doing sth14、be familiar to, be familiar with15、pleased, pleasant, pleasure, please16、accept, receive17、keep的用法18、what/how感叹句19、数词的用法20、不定冠词a、an的用法21、介词后面动词用 -ing形式22、状语从句连接词：if/as long as, when/while/as soon as/until/before/after, though/although23、when/while24、well/good25、疑问词 + 主语 + 情态动词can/should/could等 + 谓语动词 = 疑问词 + 谓语动词不定式第二部分：语法1、Its + adj. + for/of sb + to do sth2、a little, a few, little, few3、表示数量的词： plenty of, lots of, a lot of a great/good deal of, a large/small quantity of, a large/small amount of a number of, the number of4、情态动词：mustnt, cant, may not等的意思 must与may（主语是第一人称）开头的一般疑问句的否定回答 must用 或 may用 或 must, may等表示肯定的推测意义；cant表示否定的推测意义 need作为情态动词与实义动词动词的用法【情态动词用法的基本练习】( ) 1. May I take my pet dog with me into the cinema? The rule says no. So you _. A. can B. mustnt C. may D. neednt( ) 2. We hope that as many people as possible _ join us for the charity show tomorrow. A. need B. can C. must D. should( ) 3. Must I get up early tomorrow? No, _. A. you mustnt B. I dont think you have to C. you cant D. you need( ) 4. May I play computer games, mum? No. You _ finish your homework first. A. will B. can C. would D. must( ) 5. Lets go to the concert tonight, Michael! Sorry, I _ . I have to help my mother with the housework. A. mustnt B. may not C. neednt D. cant( ) 6. Can you finish the work in two days? Sorry, I _. My computer doesnt work. A. dont B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt ( ) 7. _ you speak Japanese? No, I cant. A. Can B. Must C. May D. Should( ) 8. If the traffic light is red, you _ cross the road. Its very dangerous. A. dont B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt ( ) 9. May I use your ruler? _. A. Yes, please B. You are nice C. It doesnt matter D. It was a pleasure 5、宾语从句： 陈述句改为宾语从句时，用that连接； 一般疑问句改为宾语从句时，用whether/if连接； 特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，用特殊疑问词连接。【宾语从句专项精选】( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveled( ) 6. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that( ) 7. I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( ) 8. I hardly understand. _ he has told me. A.that B. what C. which D. who( ) 9. She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be( ) 10. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when( ) 11. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how( ) 12. He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose( ) 13. They dont know _ their parents are. A that B what C why D which( ) 14. Please tell me _ last year. A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked( ) 15. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( ) 16. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said( ) 17. Did you know _? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after( ) 18. Could you tell me _? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing( ) 19. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A. that B. how C. what D. if ( ) 20. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where ( ) 21. We never know _ the old man is. They say he is a teacher. A. what B. who C. which D. where ( ) 22. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when ( ) 23. Do you know _ ? Im going to see him. Sorry, I dont know. A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived ( ) 24. W here do you think _ he _ the computer? Sorry, I have no idea. A. ; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy ( ) 25. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what the matter was D. what wrong was ( ) 26. Where is Jack? He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _ . A. that B. which C. where D. there6、直接引语转换为间接引语. 人称代词和指示代词的变化 指示代词this和these通常变为that和those。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：He said, “I came to help you.” 他说：“我是来帮助你的。” He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮助我的。. 时态的变化 引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。 引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下： 一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般将来时过去将来时. 时间状语的变化 now then last month the month before today that daythree days ago three days before tonight that nighttomorrow the next day this week that week next month the next month yesterday the day before the day after tomorrow in two days 地点状语的变化 here there 谓语动词的变化 come go【注意】含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。【将下列句子中的直接引语改为间接引语】1. “I am very happy.” said Fisher proudly.2. Dinny said: “I saw Mr Muskam yesterday.”3. He said: “I will have finished my work by that time.”4. “I have never seen anything more beautiful than this.” he said.5. Mr Rochester said; “Ive settled everything; and we will leave Thornfield tomorrow.”6. “It is too late.” he said.7. “Here is Miss Eyre, sir,” said Mrs Fairfax.8. “I will try it,” said Kate.9. “Ive studied biology,” he said.10. “We will go back to the house,” he said.7、不定代词辨析: all, any, another, both, each, every, either, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither, one, other, some 以及由some, any, no, every和body, one, thing 构成的复合不定代词。 one, ones的用法 each，every的用法 other, the other, another, others, the others的用法【不定代词专练】( ) 1. _ police officers in the UK carry guns, but most of them dont. A. No B. Some C. Many D. All( ) 2. Which do you like best, coffee，water or juice? _. I only like tea. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None ( ) 3. There are many tall buildings on _ sides of the street. A. either B. all C. both D. none( ) 4. She has written a lot of books, but _ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many( ) 5. Would you like chicken noodles or beef noodles? _. Id like tomato noodles. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None( ) 6. Im hungry. I want _ to eat. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing( ) 7. I saw Tony at the party. But he didnt speak tome _ evening. Maybe he didnt see you. A. all B. every C. either D. another( ) 8. Are you _ from America? No, none of us. A. both B. all C. any D. either( ) 9. He showed me a magazine he bought yesterday. I think its interesting. So I bought _. A. it B. this C. that D. one ( ) 10. Mike fell off the bike, but he didnt hurt _. A. he B. him C. himself D. hisself( ) 11. _ book are you looking for? A. What B. Which C. Who D. Whose ( ) 12. There isnt any milk in my glass. Would you give me _? A. some B. few C. little D. any ( ) 13. We had plenty of paper but _ ink. A. a few B. few C. not many D. not much ( ) 14. Learning a foreign lang