高一英语基础词法和句法.ppt

词性 成分和句型 实词 可以单独作成分1 名词 noun 可数名词 C n 不可数名词 U n 2 代词 pronoun 行为动词及物动词不及物动词系动词完全系动词3 动词 verb 半系动词助动词情态动词 feel taste looksmell sound2 keep stay remain3 become get turn grow go等4 seem appear 词类 4 形容词 adjective 5 副词 adverb 6 数词 numeral 基数词序数词虚词 冠词 article a an the2 介词 preposition 如 on at in等 3 连词 conjunction 如 and but等 4 感叹词 interjection 如 Oh Ah 等 句子成分 主谓宾表定状补同位语 1 IlikeEnglishandsodoesTom Seeingisbelieving Toseeistobelieve Whathesaidupsetme 主语表示所说的对象是 谁 或者是 什么 主语一般由名词 代词或相当于名词的词 如短语doing todo或从句充当 2 Nobodyknowshim Thericharenotalwayshappy Iamgettingoffatthenextstation Willyouhavetogotomorrow IwonderifitisbecauseIhaven tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature 谓语位置一般在主语之后 说明主语的动作或状态 谓语只能由动词或动词短语充当 3 Weloveourmotherland Hegaveupsmokinglastyear DoyouunderstandwhatImean Youneedtothinkmoreinyourstudies 宾语宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象 或介词所支配的对象 名词 代词 宾格 数词或相当于名词的词 如doing todo或其他短语或从句都可以作宾语 4 Thatsoundsgood Hebecameangry Mydreamhascometrue Seeingisbelieving Toseeistobelieve Thisiswherehelives 表语表语放在系动词 be等 之后 用来说明主语的特征 性质 身份或状态等 名词 形容词 副词 代词 分词 动词不定式 动名词 介词短语或从句都可以用作表语 5Youarehard workingstudents awomandriver aswimmingpoolaseven dayholiday somethingnewamannamedChuckNolandWeshouldhavesomeonetocareabout Whoistheboyinthehat Machinesweremadewhichusedthiskindofpower 定语主要由形容词或与之相当的其他词类 如非谓语动i才或其他短语或从句充当 定语用来修饰名词或代词 6 Theyareworkingveryhard Surely wewillhelpyou Hewasreadingyesterdayafternoon Unlesshestudieshard hewon tmakeprogress 状语主要由副词 或与之相当的其他词类 如非谓语动词或介词短语或从句充当 状语用来修饰动词 形容词 副词或整个句子 Thebadnewsmadeusupset WecallherJenny Theyfoundhimout Tiredandsleepy Iwenttobed 7 补语补充说明主语或宾语 由形容词 名词 代词 数词等充当 ThisisMissHuang ourEnglishteacher Sheherselfsaidso Areyoutwoready Thesedesksaremadeforusstudents Thenewsthatourteamwonthegamemakesushappy 8 同位语对前面名词或代词做进一步解释说明 由名词 数词 代词或从句充当 英语句子 按交际功能分 按结构分类 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 简单句 并列句 复合句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 反意疑问句 选择疑问句 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 简单句的五种基本句型主 系 表2 主 谓3 主 谓 宾4 主 谓 宾 宾补5 主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 4 主 谓 宾 宾补 1 n 2 adj 3 adv 复合宾语 4 prep Phrase 5 todo tell ask want get wouldlike waitfor等 6 do make let have see watch notice hearfind feel等 7 doing have get see hear等 8 done make have get see hear feel find等 5 主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语双宾语 1 give pass tell teach send write show bring offer等 Hetoldusafunnystory Hetoldafunnystory us buy get fetch build choose make save等 Cometothecinemaasearlyaspossible Ihavesavedyouaseat Ihavesavedaseat you to for let spractise 请说出下列句子类型 1 Autumniscoming 2 Theywon tletmego 3 Heshowedmehisnewbike 4 Sheknowswhattodo 5 Theweatherisverycold 6 Can tyougetthemtohelpyou 7 DoyouthinkitpossibleforChinesetobecomeaworldlanguage 英语句子 按交际功能分 按结构分类 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 简单句 并列句 复合句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 反意疑问句 选择疑问句 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 英语句子的种类 简单句 并列句 复合句 简单句 A 只包含一个主谓结构Maryopenedthedoor B 两个并列主语和一个谓语Steveandhisfriendarecomingtodinner C 一个主语和并列谓语Maryopenedthedoorandgreetedtheguests D 两个并列主语和两个并列谓语MaryandStevewenttotheshop boughtsomefruitandvisitedtheirfriend 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来 则成为一个并列句 并列句 let spractise 1 IturnedontheTV Wewatchedit IturnedontheTVandwewatchedit 2 Hemadeapromise Hedidn tkeepitHemadeapromise buthedidn tkeepit 常用并列连词1 1 和 与and 2 但是 而是but yet andyet然而 而 而且while 3 就在这个时候when 4 或者 还是or 5 否则or orelse otherwise 6 因为for 7 因此 所以so 8 both and neither nor notonly butalso either orNotonlyisheinterestedinfootballbutalsohisparentsarebeginningtoshowinterestinit EitheryouleavetheroomorIcallthepolice 用合适的词填空 Heisahard workingstudent weneedn tmakehimstudy 2 Thedaybreaks thebirdsaresinging 3 Whenmothercameback shefoundIwaswatchingTV myyoungersisterwasdoingcleaning 4 OnedayChuckNolandwasonaflightacrossthePacificOcean hisplanecrashed 5 Studyhard youwillfailtopasstheexam so for while when or 1 Hehastwochildren Theyarestudents 2 Hehastwochildren theyarestudents 3 Hehastwochildrenandtheyarestudents 4 Becausehestudiesveryhard hedoeswellinhisclass 5 Hehastwochildrenwhoarestudents 由一个主句加一个或多个从句构成复合句主句是一个完整的句子 independentsentence 它可以独立存在 从句是一个不完整的句子 它必须由连接词和一个主句连用 不能独立存在 复合句 CompoundSentence Iwonderifyoucouldgivemeahand 请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分 从句 主句 Annewishedshecouldtellpeopleeverythingthatshehadgonethroughintheconcentrationcamp 集中营 复合句中 主句只有一个 从句可以有n个 n 1 Shesaidthatshewasunhappyandthatshewouldtellmymanageraboutthis 1 名词性从句 在复合句中 主要包含以下类型从句 1 主语从句2 宾语从句3 表语从句4 同位语从句 2 状语从句 3 定语从句 let spractise 指出下列各从句的类型 Ihopethateverythingisallright ShewasreadingthenewspaperwhenIcamein Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall 宾语从句 状语从句 定语从句 Itissuchabigboxthatnobodycanmoveit Hedidn tcomeyesterdaybecausehewasill I llgivethelettertohimwhenIseehim We llgotothegreatwallifit sfinetomorrow Althoughtheplaceisquitepleasant weshouldnotgothereallthetime 指出下列各从句中的从属连词 Hehasfoundout Shewaslate why 请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句 Istillremembertheday IfirstcametoBeijingonthatday when IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing Hehasfoundoutwhyshewaslate 1 Myroommatewassleeping wedidn twanttowakeherup 请用所学知识改正下列病句 改正 Myroommatewassleeping Wedidn twanttowakeherup Myroommatewassleeping sowedidn twanttowakeherup 2 IwenttobedBecauseIwastired 改正 IwenttobedbecauseIwastired 1 I llgivethelettertohim Iseehim 时间 2 Hedidn tcomeyesterday Hewasill 原因 3 Itissuchabigbox Nobodycanmoveit 结果 4 We llgotothegreatwall It sfinetomorrow 条件 5 Weshouldnotgothereallthetime Theplaceisquitepleasant 让步 请把每组句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句 That sallfortheclass Thankyou 1 Withautumn theweatherbecomescolderandcolder 2 Withalotofdifficultproblems thenewly electedpresidentishavingahardtime A settledB settlingC tosettleD beingsettled3 Thethiefwasbroughtin withhishands behindhisback A beingtiedB havingtiedC tobetiedD tied4 Withtwochildren middleschoolinthenearbytownnow theparentsareworkinghard A toattendB attendingC attendedD havin