阅读理解专项训练学案.doc

Methods and Skills of Reading Comprehension一、 主旨大意型-解题要领:A、干扰项 ：可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。B、干扰项 ：可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。C、干扰项 ：可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。D、正确项 ：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全1. Tell a story and tell it well, and you may open wide the eyes of a child, open up lines of communication in a business, or even open peoples mind to another culture or race. People regard storytelling not only as a useful tool in child education, but also as a meaningful activity that helps adults understand themselves as well as those whose culture may be very different from their own. We are all storytellers. We all have a story to tell. We tell everybodys story.Question: Whats the main idea of the text?A. Storytelling can influence the way people think.B. Storytelling is vital to the growth of business.C. Storytelling is the best way to educate children in school.D. Storytelling helps people understand themselves and others2. 2009年重庆卷Sir Steven Redgrave, winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals, once said, “In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes (糖尿病). Believing my career (职业生涯) was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was itthe encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isnt difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasnt finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”Question: What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?A. Difficulties influenced his career.B. Specialists offered him medical advice.C. Training helped him defeat his disease.D. He overcame the shadow of illness to win.主旨大意型-心得体会: 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。而整篇文章的主题句往往隐藏在首段或尾段。寻找主题句有以下四个小窍门：(1)段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。 (2)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(3)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(4)提出文章主旨时常伴有文字提示有therefore, thus, but, however, in fact, in short等。因此，这些词后的内容很可能就是文章主旨。二 事实细节型-解题要领:文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。One day, I told my mother Id changed my mind. I didnt want to make a success in the magazine business. “If you think you can change your mind like this,” she replied, “you will become a good-for-nothing.” She insisted that, as soon as school was over, I should start ringing doorbells, selling magazines. Whenever I said no, she would scold me. Question: What did the mother do when the boy wanted to give up?A. She forced him to continue. B. She punished him.C. She gave him some money. D. She changed her plan.事实细节型-心得体会:此题型最普遍的特征是题干中的某些词语和表达方式与原文的词语和表达方式相吻合，因此一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。二、 词义猜测型-解题要领:同义法: 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的。反义法: 如hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。词与词之间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法: 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。情景推断法: 根据上下文情景线索进行猜测。1. 同义法实战演练Question: The underlined word “exploits” is closest in meaning to _.A. journeys B. researches C. adventures D. operations The following year, he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgways School of Adventure in Scotland, where he learned about Ridgways cold-water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future.2. 反义法实战演练Question: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” ?A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.3. 释义法实战演练Question: The underlined word “daunting” most probably means _. A. discouraging B. interesting C. creative D. unbearable When Andrea Peterson landed her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies in a climate where standard-based learning was the focus and music just provided a break for students and teachers. 4. 情景推断法实战演练Question: The underlined word “Enraged” may probably mean_ .A. to be made angry B. to be made surprised C. to be made depressed D. to be made happy One night the wind howled loudly in from offshore. He rushed next door to the hired hands sleeping room to wake him up. But the little man rolled over in bed and said firmly, “No sir.” Enraged by the response, the man wanted to fire him on the spot.四、推理判断型-解题要领:透过现象看本质，判断有据，推论有理， 忠实原文，切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意；全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论；善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。常见提问形式:1. It can be inferred from the text that _.2. The paragraph following (before) the passage will most probably be _.3. The writers attitude is _.4. The author implied (suggested) that _.5. We can conclude from the passage that_.6. What is the tone of the author? 7. The passage is intended to _. 8. We can learn from the text that _. 1. People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasics. Such patients can be extremely good at something else. From the changing expressions on speakers faces and the tones of their voices, they can tell lies from truths.According to Dr. Sacks, they are more gifted than normal people. Normal people may get carried away by words. Aphasics seem to understand human expressions better, though they cannot understand words.Question: What do we learn from this text?A. What one says reflects how one feels.B. Aphasics have richer feelings than others.C. Normal people often tell lies in their speeches.D. People poor at one thing can be good at another.2. （江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反应). （2分钟） Question: According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.3. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. （1.5分钟）Question: The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them阅读理解解题策略1、快速读题，带着问题读文章。2、正确运用阅读策略，提高阅读效率。3、关注语篇的连接词，正确理解篇章结构。4、答题时注意正确项和干扰选项的特征，回原文找答案。5、要十分重视第一印象。巩固练习：1. When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits，such as the founding of cities.（3分钟） Question: The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _.A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization （城市化）2. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont