高考英语单元知识点复习Unitnbsp;8.doc

高考英语单元知识点复习Unitnbsp;8 Unit 8理解:要点诠释 单词1.drown讲：vt.vi使溺死，淹死；淹没；消除；忘却例：Betty tried to drown herself in the lake.贝蒂企图投湖自杀。The noise from the airplane drowned his voice.来自飞机的噪音淹没了他的声音。The streets were drowned by the floods.那条街道被洪水所淹没。He tried to drown his sorrows in drinks.他试图以酒消愁。He drowned himself in his job.他埋头工作。He fell from a bridge and drowned.他从桥上掉下去淹死了。练：（2010湖北宜昌调研）How dangerous it was!Yes,but for the passerby s quick action,the girl_.A.was drowned B.has drownedC.should be drowned D.could have been drowned提示:本题考查虚拟语气的用法。短语but for的意思为“多亏了；如果不是的话”，要求主句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，动作发生在过去，谓语用could have done。答案:D2.calm讲：adj. vt.宁静的，风平浪静的，镇静的；使平静（镇静）例：It was a calm,cloudless day.那是个无风无云的日子。The high wind passed and the sea was calm again.大风过后，大海又风平浪静了。He always keeps/stays calm in an emergency.他碰到紧急事件时总是保持镇定。She tried to speak in a calm voice.她尽量用平静的声音讲话。She got frightened and excited,but is much calmer now.她受惊吓而显得激动，但现在平静多了。They tried everything to calm him down.他们想尽一切办法让他镇静下来。链接 提示 比较：quiet安静的，不吵闹的；still不动的；silent沉默的，不发表意见的。练：When I started playing for him,he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous.After I_down,I played better.A.fell B.steppedC.slowed D.calmed提示:根据上文中的relax和nervous可以判断出作者过于紧张，影响了能力的发挥，等作者冷静下来，发挥得更好了，所以使用短语calm down。答案:D3.reach讲：vt. n.到达；够到；达成例：Your letter reached me this morning.你寄给我的信今天早上收到了。They discussed it for a whole day,but no agreement has been reached.这个事他们讨论了一整天，但没有达成任何协议。Medicine should not be left within reach of small children.药品不可留在幼儿伸手可及的范围内。He reached out for a piece of cake.他伸手去拿一块蛋糕。The banana is out of the monkey s reach.那个香蕉在猴子够不到的地方。链接 提示 注意在表示“到达”时，reach为及物动词，arrive为不及物动词，get后跟名词时要使用介词to才能表示此意。练：（2010湖北模拟）Dont leave matches or cigarettes on the table within_of little children.A.hand B.reach C.space D.distance提示:短语within reach of sb.的意思为“在某人够得到的范围内”。答案:B4.loose讲：adj.未打结的；宽松的短语:break loose 挣脱；let.loose释放例：He wore a long,loose coat.他穿一件大而宽松的外衣。She has a loose tongue.她嘴巴不严。链接 提示 （1）loosen vt. 放松；松开 He loosened his coat but didnt take it off. 他解开外衣的扣子但没有脱下来。 (2)比较：lose v. 丢失练：She got _in the crowd.A.lose B.loose C.lost D.loosen提示:本处为系表结构，过去分词作表语。答案:C短语1.keep.in mind讲:该短语的意思为“记住”，一般宾语放在动词keep之后。keep in mind 还可以跟从句作宾语，也表示“记住”。例：Please keep these rules in mind.请记住这些规则。Ill keep in mind the instructions you have given me.我会记住你给我的指导。There is one thing that you must always keep in mind.有一件事你要牢记。Keep in mind that the petrol can only last 2 hours.请记住，这点汽油仅能维持两个小时。You must keep in mind that he is much younger than you.你要记住他比你小很多。练：You must keep_in mind_you are a student in this school,so you should obey the school rules.A.it;that B.such;asC.everything;which D.something;because提示:keep something in mind是固定短语。这里，因为that引导的宾语从句太长，影响句子的平衡，所以在第一空用形式宾语it来代替。答案:A2.in honour of讲：为纪念；为向表达敬意例：We decide to hold a meeting in honour of him.我们决定举行会议来纪念他。There is a party tonight in honour of our new president.为庆祝我们的新经理就任，今晚有个聚会。链接 提示 相似短语还有：in memory of为纪念；in praise of 为表彰；in favour of 支持，赞?成，有利于练：The street was named after a great man_his great contributions to the city.A.in honour of B.in want ofC.in case of D.in need of提示:用一个伟人的名字来命名这条街道，为的是“纪念他为这座城市所做出的巨大贡献”。答案:A句型1.as if引导的从句讲：请观察下面教材原句：It looked as if she were dead.看上去她好像死了。（此处为虚拟语气，表示假设）as if描述非现实情况时，as if从句中用虚拟语气（表示现在用过去时，表示过去用过去完成时）；在口语中，主句为现在时，而且有内容可清楚判别是表达非现实的意思时，在as if后的从句有时也可以用现在时。例：She looks as if she were drunk.她看起来简直就像喝醉了似的。It seems as if he would leave for Shanghai.他好像要动身去上海。It looks as if its going to rain.看起来似乎要下雨。(确有可能发生)He treats me as if I am(were)a stranger.他待我好像我是陌生人。链接 提示 若使用现在时，则是表达实际的事实关系；as if从句里的主语和动词，有时可省略。He walked up and down as if (he was) worried.他来回走动，似乎挺着急。练：When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it_.A.breaks B.has brokenC.were broken D.had been broken提示:根据as if对从句谓语的要求，此处从句表示的是一种对现在情况的假设，所以使用一般过去时，be动词一律用were。答案:C2.could have done讲：请观察下面教材原句：Learning about first aid is the best way to make sure that we will not have to feel that we could have done more.学习急救是保证遇到此类事情不留遗憾的最佳途径。could have done为情态动词的一种用法，表示“过去本能够做某事”，但事实上没有去做。should/ought to have done“过去本应该去做”；need have done“过去本必要做”；may have done“过去可能做过”。例：I could have come on time,but my car broke down on the way.我本来能够按时来的，但车在路上坏了。You could have been more careful.你本来可以更细心的。You should/ought to have told me about it earlier.你本应该早点告诉我的。I should have finished the work earlier.我应当早一点完成这项工作的。You may (might) have read about it.你可能在报上已经读到这件事了。He neednt have worried about it.他本不必为此事担心。There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party.You ought to have come,but why didnt you.昨天的聚会非常有意思。你本应该来，为何不来呢？链接 提示 比较：must have done sth.过去一定做过某事；cant have done过去一定没有做过某事He isnt here.He must have missed the train. 他还未到，一定是没赶上火车。 Where can (could) he have gone? 他能到哪里去了呢？练：Miss Yang_at 5:00 for the meeting,but she didnt appear.A.should have arrived B.should arriveC.should have had arrived D.should be arriving提示:本题考查情态动词的用法。从句子的意思分析，此处应该表示“本应该在5:00来开会”，但事实是没有到。所以使用should have done结构。答案:A辨析1.catch fire，be on fire,make a fire,set fire to,put out the firecatch fire表示动作，“着火”。(be)on fire表示状态，“着火”。make a fire生火start/light a fire点火put out the fire扑灭大火set.on fire/set fire to纵火，放火烧即时练习:(1)If a pan of oil _,turn off the gas and cover the pan quickly.(2)The company _last night and it is still on fire.(3)The fire has been _for half an hour.(4)They _to keep warm.(5)The old woman was about to _to cook dinner when someone knocked at the door.(6)They _to be seen by the rescuing team.(7)The fire had been _before the firemen arrived.(8)The Japanese to his house.答案:(1)catches fire (2)caught fire (3)on fire (4)made a fire (5)make a fire (6)started a fire (7)put out (8)set fire2.in case of,in case,in any case,in no case,in that casein case of +n.万一；在情形下in case后跟从句或用作副词位于句尾，意为“在情况下；万一的话”。in any case在任何情况下in no case无论如何in that case那样的话；在那种情况下即时练习:(1)_an earthquake,dont panic.(2) _ should you give up.(3) _ anything important happens,please call me up.(4)Take a taxi_you are late for the meeting.(5)You had better carry some money_.(6)Come late again and you will be dismissed. _,you will be helpless.(7)You cant be late again_.答案:(1)In case of (2)In no case (3)In case (