高考冠词用法及练习题和答案.doc

.冠词用法一. 冠词的基本用法不定冠词（a/an）的基本用法1.与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别。 - I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.- You shouldnt put drinks near a computer. 2.泛指某人或某物, 表示“某一个”, 相当于 a certain。 - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? - Sorry, wrong number. There isnt a Mr. Smith here.3.用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示“每一（单位）的”。 I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 4.在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词, 使之意义具体化, 表示“一种”、“一件”、“一份”等。It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。(honour是抽象名词,an honour指一件荣誉的事)定冠词(the)的基本用法1.用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。 Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was the most important one.2.指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。 Dont worry if you cant come to the party. Ill save some cake for you. 3.复述上文中提到的事物。 There is a shelf in my fathers room. The shelf is new.4.用于单数可数名词之前, 表示该类事物, 相当于 a。 When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. 5.序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词 the。 The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. 6.用于复数姓氏之前, 表示“夫妇”或“全家”。 the Smiths7.表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。 the sun, the moon, the earth, the world8.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及些建筑物等名称前。 According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS. 9.在某些形容词之前, 可表示某一类人。 the rich, the poor, the old, the wounded, the living, the dead零冠词(无冠词)情况：1.人名、地名（街名、广场名、公园名）、大学名、国名、病名前。 Wang Fu Jing Street, Pei Hai Park 北海公园, Beijing University 但也可说 the University of Beijing。2.抽象名词表示一般概念时, 一般不用冠词。 When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life. 3.物质名词表示一般概念时, 一般不用冠词。 The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.4.表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前, 常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时, 加 the。 We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 类似的名词还有：president, monitor, headmaster, mayor等。5.表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前, 不用冠词。但我国的阴历节前要用the。 Childrens Day, Womens Day, May Day the Spring Festival。6.man 作“人类”讲时, 同 human, mankind 一样不用冠词。 While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed mans understanding of color.7.复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。 It is often said that teachers have a very easy life. 二. 冠词的语义分析（根据语境判断特指与泛指）泛指和特指是每年高考必考的一组概念, 在英语中广泛使用。“泛指”是指普遍、不确定的人或事物, 而“特指”则是指具体、特定的人或事物。泛指与特指可以说是精与细的区别,前者侧重于全面撒网, 而后者旨在重点培养。具体来讲, 其两者区别如下： 1.泛指是指首次提到的, 不限定的人或事物；特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物, 或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。A boy is playing basketball.（泛指）Do you like the boy who are playing basketball?（特指）2.泛指：一般的指, 是和“特指”相对的；特指：是专门的指, 和“泛指”相对。I have a car. （泛指） The car is red.（特指）3.泛指：无特别指定对象, 是和“特指”相对的；特指：有特别指定对象, 和“泛指”相对。My mother works in a hospital.（泛指）The hospital where my mother works is in the center of the city.（特指）三. 冠词的固定搭配单一固定词组中冠词的使用1.不定冠词固定词组give sb. a ride顺便带某人一程a couple of几个have a good time过得很愉快keep a diary写日记in a hurry急忙地once in a while偶尔地tell a lie说谎do sb. a favor帮某人的忙give sb. a hand帮忙once upon a time从前all of a sudden突然地as a matter of fact事实上as a result (of)作为()的结果in a word总而言之have a word with与说句话have/take a look (at)看一看have/take a rest休息一下put an end to结束2.定冠词固定词组play the piano弹钢琴the whole整个the same同样的go to the cinema去看电影3.零冠词固定词组on foot步行by train/ boat / plane乘火车/船/飞机in fact事实上in class在上课in church在教堂in danger在危险中in hospital在医院in bed在床上at home在家at school在学校at night在晚上at noon在中午go to bed去睡觉go to college上大学play chess下棋have lunch吃午餐go to school去上学play basketball打篮球用与不用冠词的对比差异in hospital生病住院in the hospital在医院里go to sea出海go to the sea去海边on earth究竟on the earth在地球上, 在世上in front of在(外部的)前面in the front of在(内部的)前面take place发生take the place(of)代替at table进餐at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船by the sea在海边in future从今以后in the future未来out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能的, 办不到的【例题精讲】（2011山东卷,21Take your timeits just_short distance from here to_restaurant.A.不填；theB. a; theC. the; aD.不填；a（2011全国卷,33It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填（2011全国卷II,16As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a（2011四川卷,18Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A. 不填；A B.不填；The C.the; The D.a; Apleasure。（2010山东If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view. A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the（2010辽宁There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the（2010北京First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression.A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a（2010浙江Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.A. a; / B. /; the C. a; theD. /; /（2009江西Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a （2009海南Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for whileA. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a（2009陕西What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive _ prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the2009四川In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the （2008湖南Have you heard _ news？The piece of _ petrol is going up again!A. the, the B. 不填, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, 不填（2008江苏We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; theB.不填；theC. the; 不填D. 不填；不填（2008山东Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A. 不填；a B. 不填; theC. the; theD. the; a（2008江西- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a（2008辽宁My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy. A. a; 不填B. the; theC. 不填；theD. a; the（2008全国IIIts not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the（2008浙江_ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填（2008重庆In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the;the（2007 全国IICould you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; theB. the; a C. /; the D. the; /（2007 福建How about Christmas evening party? I should say it was success.A.a; a B.The; aC.a;不填D.the; 不填（2007 四川How about taking _ short break? I want to make _ call. A. the；a B. a；the C. the；the D. a；a（2007 浙江I like _ color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the（2007 重庆Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church.A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a（2007 辽宁Chrismas is _ special holiday when _ whole family are supposed to get together.A. the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a, the（2006 全国- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? - Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one1. Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /, the B. the, / C. an, the D. the, a 2. Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for while.A. the, the B. the, a C. a, the D. a, a3. Its not good idea to drive for four hours without break.A. a, a B. the, a C. the, the D. a, the4. - I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A.a, a B.the, the C./, / D./, a5. In the United States, there is always flow of people to areas of country where more jobs can be found.A.a, the B.the, a C.the, the D.a, a6. In many places in China, bicycle is still popular means of transportation.A. a, the B. /, a C. the, a D. the, the7. _apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An, the B. The, the C. An, / D. The, /8. My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy.A. a, / B. the, the C. /, the D. a, the9. There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the10.First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression. A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a【课后作业】A组1. Since tasting the excitement of _ big city life, she never wants to live in _ country again. A. the, the B. /, / C. the, / D. /, the2. The operation is _ success and the patient is now out of _ danger. A. a, the B. a, / C. /, the D. /, /3. As _ writer, he was _ complete failure. A. a, a B. a, the C. /, / D. a, /4. I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. /; theC. the; /D. a; the5. This is _ best kind of _ pen you can get here. A. the, the B. the, a C. the, / D. a, the6. As is known to us all, _ tiger is in _ danger of becoming extinct. A. the, a B. the, / C. a, / D. /, the7. He spent too much time talking on _ phone while we were all busy at _ work. A. the, / B. a, / C. /, / D. the, the8. As _ unemployment is very high at the moment, its very difficult for people to find _ work. A. the, / B./, / C. the, a D. an, the 9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _ bedroom apartment. A. one a B. the one C. one D. a one10.The education of _ young is always _ hot and serious topic. A. /, / B. the, a C. /, the D. the, /11.I often have conversations with John over _ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by _ letter. A. /, the B. /, a C. the, / D. the, a12.- John has put forward _ most challenging question for us to answer. - Yes, it really is. I have never heard _ harder one. A. the, / B. /, the C. the, the D. a, a13.“What about _ school?” “It is as good, as anybody can see, _ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.” A. a, the B. the, a C. a, a D. the, the14.The market for _ used computers is getting larger and larger as _ years go on. A. /, / B. the, / C. the, the D. /, the15.“Charley Oakley, _ NBA All-star, hasnt missed _ game in the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.” A. an, the B. a, the C. the, a D. an, a B组1. To tell truth, his coming is really big surprise to most people present at the party.A. /, a B. the, / C. the, a D. /, /2. Jack wanted to be _ university student, but in _ entrance examination he missed by a mile.A. a, an B. an, the C. the, an D. a, the3. _ on-going division between Englishspeaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country. A. The, / B. The, a C. An, the D. An, /4. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation. A. / B. the C. a D. one5. The cakes are delicious. Hed like have _third one because _second one is rather too small. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 6. In china, pressure to pass exams gives students the impression that learning comes from textbooks. A. /, /B. the, theC. the, /D. /, the7. Recently some studies have found that learning _ second language can lead to _ increase in ones brain power. A. a, theB. /, theC. a, anD. the, an8. - What do you remember Alexander Graham Bell as? - As _ inventor of _ telephone. A. an, / B. the, a C. the, the D. /, the9. - What in _ world do you like most in _ world?- I hope _world is _ peaceful and fair world. A. the, the, the, the B. , the, the,C., the, the, a D. the, the, the, a10.As we all know, _ life is hard for any of us. If we live_ happy life, we must all work harder. A. , B. , a C. a, D. a, a11.In the market, vegetables are sold by _ kilogram, I mean, by _ weight. A. the, / B. /, / C. the, the D. /, the12.Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today. A. the, an B. a, / C. the, the D. /, the13.The cakes are delicious. Id like to have _ third one as _ second one I ate was too small. A. the, the B. a, the C. the, a D. a, a14._ England of those years was _ England in peace. A., B. The, an C. The, D., an15.- Did you happen to see _ black and _ white cat? - Are they missing? I told you to take care of them. A. a, / B. the, / C. the, the D. a, theC组1. The chairman will be pleased at _ scene that everything is in _ place.A. a, a B. the, the C. the, / D. /, the2. Play, often seen as activity for kids, is still important in development of teenagers.A. the, the B. an, the C. an, / D. the, /3. Sad to say, nowadays many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places.Athe, / B/, / Cthe, the D. /, the4. It was _ exciting news that more than ten students in a single school were admitted to Tsinghua University in the same year. A. one B. an C. / D. a5. - What have we got for supper?- I got huge fish at market opposite our school for only five pounds. A. the, the B. a, the C. the, a D. a, a6. - My flight was delayed because of _ heavy rain- But you are