高考英语单项填空解题方法和技巧.doc

高考英语单项填空解题方法和技巧 单项填空解题方法 解答单项填空题时，考生要认真分析语境，正确理解句意，把握好题干中的全部信息，对各个选项也要进行细致分析，并从词法、句法、习惯用法、固定搭配等角度综合考虑，进行合理推断，才可能选出符合题干要求的最佳答案。一、分析语境，理解句意单项填空题基本上都是将语法知识融入到具体的语境中，考查学生实际的语言应用能力，而不是考查纯语法知识。所以认真分析语境，正确理解句意，是做好单项填空题的基础。切忌片面理解，望文生义。如：She cant help the house because shes busy making a cake. Ato clean Bcleaning Ccleaned Dbeing cleaned 解析：答案为A。本题考查动词不定式作宾语的用法。该句的句意是“她不能帮助打扫房屋，因为她正忙于做蛋糕。”根据句意可知应该用动词不定式作宾语，即：help (to) do sth.，意思是“帮助干某事”。而cant help doing是“抑制不住” “情不自禁”的意思，在此处与该句的句意不符。 2She was hanging wet clothes in the balcony(阳台)when she heard a strange sound from upstairsThen she looked forward to what had happened. Asee Bsaw Cseeing Dbeing seen 解析：答案为A。本题考查动词不定式作目的状语的用法。该句的句意是“她正在阳台晾衣服时听到楼上传来奇怪的声音，她便探出头去看看发生了什么事。”根据句意可知应该用动词不定式作“Looked forward(探出头去)”的目的状语：考生容易受短语look forward to doing sth.(盼望做)的误导，错选C。 3Clothes in Shanghai are not very expensive，are they? Yes，they are in Beijing Aless expensive than Bmuch cheaper thanCmore expensive than Das cheap as 解析：答案为c。本题考查比较级的用法。该对话的意思是“上海的服装不贵，是不是?”“贵，比北京的服装贵。”如果不注意该对话的语境，而是用汉语的理解方式去理解，很容易把意思理解反了，即：是的，不贵。那么A、B、D都可以选了。 二、分析结构，辩清语法 单项填空题的题干大部分都是复合句，句子成分比较复杂，考生必须认真分析句子结构，理清句子上下文的逻辑关系和句子成分，辨清语法内容，这样不仅可以促进句意的理解，而且可以明了该题的考查意图，这样就能更准确地选出最佳答案。 如： 1 such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river AHaving suffered BSuffering CTo suffer DSuffered 解析：答案为A。本题考查现在分词的完成式作状语的用法。根据该句的句意“河流已经受到污染，要想再来治理就太晚了。”可知，动词“suffer(遭受)”的逻辑主语是the river，逻辑主语the river与suffer是主动关系，而且强调状语的动作在主句之前发生，所以用现在分词的完成时。而to suffer是动词不定式，可作目的状语，但与该句的句意不符。 2Although we may not realize ，when we talk with others，we make ourselves understood not just by words Athis Bthat Cit Dthese 解析：答案为C。本题考查人称代词it的用法。该句的句意是“当我们与别人交谈时，我们不仅仅通过语言让别人明白自己的意思，尽管我们可能没有意识到这一点。” 由于该句中Although we may not realize ，是让步状语从句，那么when we talk with others，we make ourselves understood not just by words应该是主句，只不过主句中还有一个时间状语从句When we talk with others，说明该句句子结构完整，该空后不应该是宾语从句，不能用that来引导宾语从句。如果该句用that来引导，那么该句就只有一个让步状语从句，而没有主句，句子结构就不完整。根据句意和句子结构分析可知该空应该用人称代词让指代主句When we talk with others，we make ourselves understood not just by words的内容。 3Last week our maths teacher gave us so difficult an exam problem none of us worked out A that B Which C as Dso that 解析：答案为C。本题考查定语从句的用法。该句的句意是“上周我们的数学老师给我们出了一道很难的题，我们中没有人解答出来。”该题在选择时很容易受句意的影响而错选A。如果选A，该句应该是Last week our maths teacher gave us so difficult an exam problem that none of us worked it out因为该句有了人称代词it，说明后一句的句子结构完整，该句是一个结果状语从句，当然应该用that引导。由于该句没有人称代词it，说明该句缺宾语，该句应该是定语从句，修饰先行词so difficult an exam problem，先行词前有so，那么引导定语从句时应该用关系代词as。 三、综合推断，选择最佳 解答单项填空题时，考生除了要正确理解句意，辨清语法内容外，还要从习惯用法、固定搭配等角度综合考虑，进行合理推断，才可能选出符合题干要求的最佳答案。如： 1I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report Ato go Bto have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone 解析：答案为B。本题考查动词不定式作宾语和虚拟语气的用法。would/should love=would/should like后只能接动词不定式作宾语。由“but I had to work extra hours to finish a report(但我不得不加班完成一篇报告)”这一信息句可知“昨天晚上我本想去参加晚会(而由此我没去)”。故应该后接动词不定式的完成式作宾语，构成虚拟语气。该句可理解为：If I hadnt worked extra hours to finish a report，I would have gone to the party last night. 2Shirley a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it Ahas written Bwrote Chad written Dwas writing 解析：答案为D。本题考查过去进行时的用法。该句的句意是“雪莱去年在写一本关于中国的书，但我不知道她现在写完没有。”由表示转折意义的并列分句but I dont know whether she has finished it可知，Shirley去年在写书一事肯定是在进行中。表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作要用过去进行时。而一般过去时主要用来表示在特定过去时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态，也可表示过去的习惯动作。 3Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play， ，of course，made the others unhappy Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat 解析：答案为B。本题考查非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法。根据上下文的理解可知这是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词who只用于先行词是人的情况；this不是关系词，不能引导定语从句；what只能引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句；关系代词which既可以用于限制性定语从句，又可以用于非限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中可以指代整个主句的内容。在此句中which指代的先行词是整个主句“Dorothy was always speaking highly other role in the play，”，在定语从句中作主语。该句的句意是“多萝西老是称赞自己在戏剧中扮演的角色，这当然使其他人不高兴。” 单项填空难题解题技巧 一、“还原法” 当题干出现倒装结构导致理解困难时，最好是将其还原成自然语序，这样就会消除因句子成分的错位而导致的思维混乱，使理解变得容易起来。如： 1Is this tower Mr. Lu Xun mentioned in his novel? Athat Bwhich Cwhat Dthe one 解析：答案为D。本题考查句子结构和定语从句的用法。该句是疑问句语序，如果将其还原为陈述语序， 即：This tower is MrLu Xun mentioned in his novel该句句子结构就会一目了然，应该用the one作表语，其后的定语从句省略了关系代词which或that。因句子的主语this tower是特指，故which和what在语意上都不能指代，而that在名词性从句中不充当任何句子成分。 2Next week well have the final English exams Yes? Then，every minute must be made full use EnglishAof studying Bto study Cof being studied Dof to study解析：答案为D。本题考查介词和非谓语动词的用法。分析句子结构可知该句用了被动语态结构，将其还原为主动语态， 即：We must make full use of every minute to study Englishmake full use of是固定短语，every minute是它的宾语，其后应该用动词不定式作目的状语。该句的句意是“那么，我们必须充分利用每一分钟去学英语。”3The home improvements have taken what little there is my spare time.A. from B. in C. of D. at解析：答案为C。本题考查介词的辨析。分析句子结构可知谓语动词have taken后的宾语从句是一个what引导的感叹句，单独分析这个感叹句就会发现there be句型的主语是little of my spare time，只是因为用what表示感叹而把little提前了。如果该句还原为一个陈述句，即：there is little of my spare time，或把my spare time同时提前就更好理解了，即：What little of my spare time there is!该句的句意是“住房装修花去我的业余时间是多么的少呀！”4The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out解析：答案为C。本题考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语的用法。that they would like to see the next year是定语从句，分析句子结构时应该把先行词the plan还原到定语从句中进行分析，即：they would like to see the plan the next year这样就容易看出the plan与宾语补足语carry out之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语carried out作宾语补足语。 二、“补全法”当题干出现省略结构导致理解困难时，最好是将其省略的句子成份补充完整，这样就会消除因句子成分的缺失而导致的思维断层，使理解变得容易起来。如： 1What do you think made Mary so upset? her new bicycleAAs she lost BLost C. Losing D. Because of losing解析：答案为C。本题考查动名词短语作主语的用法。该句实际上是个省略句，补充完整应该是“Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.”，Losing在此处是动名词，与her new bicycle一起构成动名词短语作主语。答案A、D是回答why的问题，而不是回答what的问题。2Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. AGet BGetting CTo get DTo be getting 解析：答案为C。本题考查动词不定式短语作目的状语的用法。该句补充完整应该是“I always make you eat an egg every day to get enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up”。动词不定式短语To get.在句子中作目的状语。 3.I cant find Mr. SmithWhere did you meet him this morning? It was in the hotel he stayed Athat B，where Cwhich Dthe one 解析：答案为B。本题考查定语从句的用法。该句补充完整应该是“It was in the hotel he stayed that I met him this morning”该句句子结构应该是一个强调句句型，he stayed应该是一个定语从句修饰先行词the hotel，先行词the hotel在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。 三、“去枝叶法”当题干有插入成份、修饰语或语法结构把原本连在一起的句子成份分裂开时，最好是将其暂时去掉，将分裂开的成份连接起来，这样就会消除因句子成分的繁杂而导致的思维冲突，使理解变得容易起来。如： 1The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday Ato be robbed Brobbed Cto have been robbed Dhaving been robbed 解析：答案为C。本题考查动词不定式作主语补足语的用法。该句如果暂时去掉地点状语in the local newspaper，即：The bank is reported in broad daylight yesterday可直接看出该句是“be reportedsaidbelievedknown.+to do sthto have done sth”句型，动词rob与逻辑主语the bank是被动关系，时间状语yesterday是过去，故应该用动词不定式的完成被动式。 2Which do you enjoy your weekends, fishing or watching TV