定语从句加强训练.doc

一、关系词的选择 在定语从句中，我们要克服思维定势，并不是表示地点的先行词就选where, 表示时间的就选when来引导。关系词的选择关键在于分析先行词在从句中所作的成分。如果先行词能直接代入从句中作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语应选用关系代词；先行词不能直接代入从句中作从句的成分应选用介词加关系代词，若作从句的状语应选用关系副词。例如： 1. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. （2010福建） A. that B. where C. which D. whose 解析：句意“史蒂芬霍金认为地球不可能是生命逐渐繁衍的唯一行星。”，先行词planet虽然被the only修饰，有不少同学一眼就选择了A项，但没有注意到先行词在从句中作状语，因此正确选项为B。 2. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future.（2010上海） A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 解析：句意“风力是一种古老的能源形式，在不久的将来我们有可能回到风力能源上来。”，先行词an ancient source of energy，在从句中不能直接作成分，根据句意，应选介词to。因此正确选项为C。 二、关系代词that与 which的选择（注意用 that而不用 which的情况） 1. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. (2010全国II ) A. who B. that C. as D. what 解析：句意“我拒绝接受因别人的过错而受的批评。”，先行词为something在从句中作主语，指物，因此正确选项为B。 三、限定性和非限定性定语从句（that不能引导非限定性定语从句） 1. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.(2010全国I) A. which B. where C. what D. that 解析：句意“小时候， 杰克在一个以祖父命名的乡村学校学习。”，先行词a village school虽然表示地点，但它在从句中不作状语而是作从句的主语，应选用关系代词A或D，由于是一个非限定性定语从句，所以正确选项为A。 四、as与which引导非限定性定语从句的区别 as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，均可指代整个句子内容，as引导非限制性定语从句，可以置于主句前，主句后，有时还可插在句中。which引导非限制定语从句，除了指代整个句子外，还可指单个词，不能放在句首。as引导定语从句，有“正如，就像”之意，常用在as is known to sb., as has been expected, as is often the case, as anybody can see, as has been said before等表达中。 例如： 1. I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. （2009天津） A. as B. which C. when D. though 解析：句意“我每天坐地铁到滨海新区，就像许多住在天津商业区的商人一样。”句意有正如、就像之意，因此正确选项为A。 五、正确区分定语从句、并列句、名词性从句和强调结构 1. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. （2010北京） A. what B. that C. why D. whether 解析：句意“狄更斯更喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说是以他本人的经历为原型的。”,考点: 本题考查表语从句,不是定语从句。从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导，正确选项为B。 2. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. (2010 山东) A. that B. there C. which D. where 解析：句意“你在哪里认识她的？ 是在我们工作的农场里。”,根据语境此处应该是一个定语从句而不是强调结构，因此正确选项为D。 六、定语从句的特殊形式 1. 定语从句的分隔现象 在英语学习中常常遇到定语从句不是直接位于先行词之后，而是被插入语、介词短语、副词或副词短语、谓语动词、非谓语动词等隔开。例如： Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.（2010湖南） A. who B. where C. when D. which 解析：句意“去年在英语演讲比赛上我和我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。”, 此定语从句是一个分隔性定语从句，先行词是the students 作I met的宾语，因此正确选项为A。 2. 关系代词作从句主语时的主谓一致 My friend, who _on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.(2006浙江) A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 解析：句意“我的朋友在奥委会工作了一生，下个月即将退休了。”关系代词who先行词My friend作从句的主语，从句谓语动词应该用单数形式，再根据语境正确选项为D。 3. 关系代词作宾语时的省略 作宾语的关系代词可以省略，但介词提前时或在非限定性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词时不能省略。例如： The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.（2009江西） A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 解析：句意“我年幼时生活的房子现已被推倒建成了办公楼。”，先行词The house在从句I grew up _中作状语，但是缺少了介词in应把介词补上，介词不提前时，作宾语的关系代词that或which (位于house之后) 省略掉了，关系词放从句前必须带介词，故不能选D，正确选项为B。 4. 找准先行词 先行词本身为名词或代词，不能是介词短语，先行词不能省略。例如： Is this Science Museum _ we visited during a trip to Europe? Yes. It attracts many tourists to be here every day. （2008江苏） A. which B. the one C. where D. what 解析：本题具有很大的迷惑性。有些考生容易误将句子主语“this Science Museum”看作表地点的先行词，而误选C。也有考生可能会在分析句子成分后，误认为visited缺宾语而误选A。我们可以将题干中的问句变为肯定形式“This Science Museum is _ we visited.”,分析后发现，主句缺少表语(即先行词)，同时省略了关系代词that，正确答案为B。 5. 定语从句中的倒装现象 在定语从句中有时会出现完全倒装语序，以便使句子更加生动、形象、流畅、自然。这种语序常出现以where或 介词 + which所引导的定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。 例如： Yesterday I went to a town, _ stands a huge monument. A. where B. that C. which D. there 解析：句意“昨天我去了一个城镇，那里矗立着一个大纪念碑。” 先行词a town在从句中作状语，只不过是从句中运用了一个完全倒装结构。因此正确选项为A。 练习： 1. The authors of computer viruses are geniuses. I agree. They can apply their wisdom to other net technology from _ human beings can benefit. A. that B. which C. what D. where 2. He wrote a lot of novels. None of _ was translated into a foreign language. A. them B. where C. that D. which 3. Our teacher urges us to form a good habit of learning, _ we think, will benefit us in the long term. A. what B. that C. which D. who 4. An earthquake happened in Haiti on Jan.12, 2010, _ many countries in the world paid close attention to. A. where B. when C. which D. what 5. Guangxi is rich in tourism resources including many famous natural scenic spots,_ Guilin Scenery is an example. A. of which B. to which C. for which D. in which 6._ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 7. We are living in a period _ many things are done easily. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 8. It was in the room _ he had studied for three years _ he found his lost pen. A. where, that B. that, that C. that, when D. where, when 9. This is the biggest laboratory _ we have ever built in our school. A. which B. what C. where D. / 10. I shall never forget the day _ Shenzhou 5 was launched, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that 11. The person is a kind man _ company my father works. A. that B. whose C. which D. in whose 12. I, who _ your friend, will help you. A. are B. am C. is D. be Keys：15BACCA 610DDADA 1112DB 定语从句专项练习题及详解50题1. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 1. This is the village _ _ my mother was born.2. My father still remember the day _ _ he joined the Party.3. A washing machine is a machine _ _ we wash.4. Which is the doctor, _ _ you knocked?5. He missed his father _ _ he had no news for years.6. There are sixty students in his class, one-third _ _ are girls.7.The writer _ which we are talking has come to our school.8.The woman _ whom I got the information is no -where to be seen.9.The factory has 800 workers, _ which 5000 are men.10.He built a telescope _ which he could study the sky.11.The travellers found a large tree _ which they could take a rest.12.You can call on me from one to five oclock, _ which time I am always at home.13.Sunday is the day _ which people go to church.14.Japan is a country _ which Id like to know more.15.The book _ which he paid ten yuan is worth reading.参考答案及解析1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C. 解析同第5题。7. A. 解析见第3题。8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10. A. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16. D. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a.,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for 以.而闻名.26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.