全国公共英语一级写作专题训练(二).ppt

专题训练 二 如何改写句子 改写句子共有三道题 主要考查考生在意思相同的情况下 对不同句型的表达方式的掌握 改写句子最基本的要求是保证改写后的句子和原句的意思大体相同 以填空的形式命题吗 考生须填补空白并使补全的句子与原句意思一致 该部分要求考生要仔细阅读原句 准确理解其含义 将原句和目标句相互比较 找出需要补全的内容 正确改写句子 说明 1 被动语态的构成 被动语态由 助动词be 及物动词的过去时 构成 人称 数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的 现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成 一般现在时 am is are taught一般过去时 was were taught一般将来时 will shallbe taught现在进行时 am is arebeing taught过去进行时 was werebeing taught现在完成时 have hasbeen taught过去完成时 hadbeen taught将来完成时 will shallhavebeen taught 一 主动语态与被动语态的转换 Manyworkersbuiltthisfactoryin2001 Thisfactory bymanyworkersin2001 wasbuilt 2 主动语态变被动语态的方法 1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 2 把谓语变成被动结构 be 过去分词 3 根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数 以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式 4 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语 将主格改为宾格 例如 Allthepeoplelaughedathim Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople Theymakethebikesinthefactory Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory 3 特殊情况 1 带情态动词的被动结构 其形式为 情态动词 be 过去分词 例 Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby sitter 2 在使役动词have make get以及感官动词see watch notice hear feel observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时 在主动结构中不定式to要省略 但变为被动结构时 要加to 例 Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding 可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding 练习 MarryteachesmeEnglish 2 Tomwillgiveabooktoheronherbirthday 3 LiLeiwascleaningtheclassroomwhenIcamein 4 Healwaysmakesmelaugh TheclassroomwasbeingcleanedbyLiLeiwhenIcamein Iamalwaysmadetolaughbyhim MyEnglishwastaughtbyMarry AbookwasgiventoherbyTomonherbirthday 二 直接引语与间接引语的转换 经典例题 Heaskedme Whereareyougoing Heaskedme whereIwasgoing 相关定义 直接引语 直接引用别人的话 要加引号例如 妈妈说 小王是个好人 Mothersaid XiaoWangisagoodperson 间接引语 用自己的话来转述别人的话 不加引号 例如 妈妈说小王是个好人 MothersaidthatXiaoWangisagoodperson 一 如何变人称口诀 一随主 二随宾 第三不更新 一随主 是指在直接引语变间接引语时 如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰 从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化Shesaid Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher 二随宾 是指直接引语变间接引语时 若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰 从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致 如果引号外的主句没有宾语 也可以用第一人称 HesaidtoKate Howisyoursisternow HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen 第三人称不更新 是指直接引语变间接引语时 如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化 Mr Smithsaid Jackisagoodboy Mr SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy 二 如何变时态 直接引语在改为间接引语时 时态需要做相应的调整 一般现在时 一般过去时态 Shesaid Iamastudent Shesaid that shewasastudent 2 一般将来时 过去将来时Shesaid Hewillgotoseehisfriend Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend Tomsaid Iamgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow Tomsaidhewasgoingtoplaybasketballtomorrow 3 现在进行时 过去进行时 Shesaid Iamreadingabook Shesaidshewasreadingabook 注意 以下几种情况时态不变 直接引语是客观真理 Theteachersaid Theearthmovesaroundthesun Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesunearth 直接引语中有具体的过去某年 某月 某日作状语 变为间接引语时 时态不变 Jacksaid IwasbornonApril2l 1980 直接引语是过去进行时 时态不变 Jacksaid IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme JacksaidhewasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseehim JacksaidhewasbornonApril21 1980 三 如何变句型 1 直接引语如果是陈述句 间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句 Shesaid Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes 2 直接引语如果是特殊问句 间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句必须用陈述句语序 Sheaskedme Whendotheyhavetheirdinner Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner Sheaskedme WhatwasJackdoingwhenIcomein SheaskedmewhatJackwasdoingwhenshecamein 3 直接引语如果是反意疑问句 选择疑问句或一般疑问句 间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句 Hesaid Canyouswim John HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike 直接引语如果是祈使句 间接引语应改为 Tell ask order beg等 sb not todosth 句型 如 1 Don tmakeanynoise theteachersaidtothestudents Shetold ordered thestudentsnottomakeanynoise 2 Openthedoor please saidshe Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor Exercise 1 Heasked Howdidyoufindit mother Heaskedhismother foundit 2 Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays heasked Heaskedme been days 3 Doyouknowwhereshelives heasked Heasked knewwhereshe how she had where I had those if I lived 4 Theteachersaid Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest Theteachersaidthatthesun intheeastand downinthewest 5 Iboughtthehouse10yearsago hesaid Hesaidthathe boughtthehouse10years 6 Inevereatmeat hesaid Hesaidthat never meat rises goes had before he ate 7 I vefoundmywallet hesaidtome He methathe wallet 8 Itookithomewithme shesaid Shesaidthat ithomewithher 10 Imetheryesterday hesaidtome He methathe mettheday yesterday 11 Youmustcomeherebeforefive hesaid HesaidthatI togo beforefive told had found his she had taken told had before had there 12 Didyouseeherlastweek hesaid He Ihadseenhe