初中英语人教版七年级下册Unit 11 How was your school tr.docx

Unit 11 How was your school trip?一般过去时的用法 一、概念 1. 表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。 如： 1）I was at the zoo yesterday. 昨天我在动物园。 2）I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11：00睡觉。 2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 1）When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我在小的时候，我经常在街道上踢足球。 2）My father often drove to work last year. 去年，我爸爸经常开车上班。 二、句子结构1. 在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过式was, were构成。 如：（1）I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 （2）We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。 2. 在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。 如：I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。 3. 各种句式 （1）一般过去时的肯定陈述句： 主语 动词过去式 宾语或表语。 He worked in Shanghai ten years ago. （2）一般过去时的否定句： a主语 didnt 动词原形 宾语。 (did + not = didnt) He didnt do morning exercises yesterday. b主语 wasnt/werent 表语。(was + not = wasnt were + not = werent) He wasnt an English teacher ten years ago. （3）一般过去时的一般疑问句： aDid 主语 动词原形 宾语 ？ Did you study English in 1990? bWas/Were + 主语 表语 ？ Was he a pupil five years ago? （4）一般过去时的特殊疑问句： a特殊疑问词 did + 主语 动词原形 宾语？ Where did your parents live five years ago? What did you do last Sunday? b特殊疑问词 were/was 表语? Who was at the zoo yesterday? 三、时间特征 在一般过去时句子中，通常与下列表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday, yesterdaymorning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening, the day before yesterday（前天）, last night, last week, last month, last year, a moment ago（刚才）, just now（刚才）, two days ago, a week ago, in 1990,? 四、动词过去式的构成规律 (一)规则动词的过去式 1.一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。 look looked play played start started visit visited 2.以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。 live lived use used 3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 ed。 study studied, try tried fly flied 4.以重读闭音节（即辅音元音辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 ed。 stop stopped plan planned, prefer preferred (二)不规则动词的过去式 1.改变动词中的元音 begin began drink drank come came eat ate grow grew run ran know knew win won speak spoke take took write wrote get got 2.变词尾的d 为t build built lend lent send sent spend spent bend bent 3.与动词原形一样 cut cut put put cost cost hurt hurt shut shut 4.变-ay 为-aid (少数动词) say said pay paid lay laid 5.采用不同词根: sell sold teach taught buy bought 6.其他 am/is was are were have/has had do did 五、加“-ed”后的读音方法 1.ed加在清辅音后面读/t/。 finished /-t/ help /-t/ asked /-t/ 2.ed加在浊辅音或元音结尾的，读/d/。 played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/ 3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面，读/id/。 wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/ 六、句式变化 (一)一般过去式的一般疑问句 1.把was, were放在句首，其余位置不变。由Was?？引导的一般疑问句，肯定答为：Yes, I/he/she/it was.否定回答为：No, I/he/she/it wasnt. 如果是第一人称，要把was改为were。由Where? 引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为：Yes, we/they were.否定回答为：No, we/they werent. 如： （1）I was born in Shanghai. Were you born in Shanghai? Yes, I was. (肯定回答) No, I wasnt. (否定回答) （2）They were in Li Yans home last night. Were they in Li Yans home last night? Yes, they were. (肯定回答) No, they werent. (否定回答) (3)It was cloudy yesterday afternoon. Was it cloudy yesterday afternoon? Yes, it was. (肯定回答) No, it wasnt. (否定回答) 2.在行为动词的句子中，要用助动词词did来引导，其余的语序不变。要注意的是，要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为：Yes, did. 否定回答：No, didnt. 如： （1）John played computer games last night. Did John play computer games last night? Yes, he did. (肯定回答) No, he didnt. (否定回答) (2)They took a trip to Hang Zhou last summer? Yes, they did. (肯定回答)No, they didnt. (否定回答) （二）一般过去式的否定句 1.在表示过去存在的状态的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。 如： （1）He was in the park the day before yesterday. He was not in the park the day before yesterday. (2)We were busy last week. We were not busy last week. 2.在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中，要在行为动词的前面加助动词didnt.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即：didnt + 动词原形。 如： （1）She played the violin last night. She didnt play the violin last night. (2)They swam in the lake yesterday. They didnt swim in the lake yesterday. (三)、一般过去式的特殊疑问句 1. What did? （主要是询问过去发生了什么事情，注意要把过去式改为动词原形。） We ate Chinese food last night. What did we eat last night? 2. Where did ( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方) They sang and dance in t