八年级上册英语1-2单元复习冠词讲解及练习.doc

中小学1对1课外辅导专家龙文教育个性化辅导教案讲义 任教科目： 英语授课题目：复习1-2单元，冠词用法年 级： 八年级任课教师： 陈双莲授课对象： 王梓恒武汉龙文个性化教育 常青二 校区 教研组组长签字： 教学主任签名： 日 期： 武汉龙文教育学科辅导讲义授课对象王梓恒授课教师陈双莲授课时间2月01日授课题目复习1-2单元，冠词课 型复习使用教具讲义、白纸、笔教学目标一 复习八年级上1-2单元的短语、句型和语法知识点1掌握重点单词的用法，如 help, want2 加强学生对短语的记忆如how often, how long, how far; try to do, try doing; help sb (to ) do sth, help sb doing sth, help sb with sth 等3 词/短语辨析 good与well；as good as 与 as well as ；4语法点 sound, hear, see 等感官动词+adj.(形容词)作表语practice, mind, finish, give up, cant help, keep 与enjoy 均接动词ing 二 冠词1 掌握不定冠词a 、an的用法2掌握定冠词the的用法3 掌握不用冠词的情况教学重点和难点1 与how相关词组：how much/many/long/often/far2 good 与well 区别3 感官动词sound, hear, see 等感官动词+adj.(形容词)作表语4 practice, mind, finish, give up, cant help, keep 与enjoy 均接动词ing5 冠词an 用于元音因素开始的可数名词前6 不用冠词的情况参考教材教学流程及授课详案第一部分 复习新目标八年级英语上册第一单元复习I. 词组回顾：1. go to the movies 2. look after=take care of 3. surf the internet 4. healthy lifestyle 5. go skate boarding 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 7. exercise=take (much) exercise=do sports 8. eating habits 9. take more exercise 10. the same as 11. once a month12. be different from be different in 13. twice a week 14. make a difference to 15. how often 16. although=though 17. most of the students=most students18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping19. as for 20. activity survey 21. do homework 22. do house work 23. eat less meat 24. junk food 25. be good for be good at 26. be bad for 27. want to do sth 27. want sb not to do sth want sb to do sth29. try to do sth try doing sth Try ones best30. come home from school 31. of course=certainly=sure32. get good grades 33. some advice 34. help sb to do sth =help sb with sth 35. a lot of vegetables =many vegetables36. hardly=almost not 37.keep/be in good healthII. 应掌握的句子： 1. How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？ How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。翻译：“你们多久到工厂去一次？”“每星期两次。”(“How often do you go to the factory?” “Twice a week. ”)“他们多长时间举办一次舞会？”“通常每两周举办一次。”(“How often do they have a dancing party?” “Usually, once every other week.”)“他多久去购一次物？”“一个月一次。”(“How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”)1）I have a headache and a cough. _ have you been like this?A. How soon B. How long C. How often2） _ do you go for a trip with your family? About once a year. A. How often B. How soon C. How much D. How long 3）- _ do you go to the gym? - Twice a week. A. How long B. How soon C. How many D. How often4） is the park from here? Its about 10 kilometers.A. How oftenB. How longC. How far15） Ken: is a boat ticket for children?Paul: How old is your child? Its free for kids under three years old.A. How long B. How much C. How often D. How soon2.“What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。 翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking. 3. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for.意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如：As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story，youd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。(As for myself, I dont want to go now. )至于那个人，我什么都不知道。(As for the man, I know nothing about him.)4. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”； want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”；Want sth 意思是想要某物。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。5. She says its good for my health.be good for.表示“对有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for.。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：Its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。6. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.Help 用法小结 1）help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事。 Can you help me to learn English ? 你能帮助我学英语吗 2）be of some/ no/ much help to sb. 对某人有些 / 没有 / 很有帮助。 This book is of great help to me. 这本书对我很有帮助。 Is this magazine of any help to you ? 这本杂志对你有些帮助吗 3）help oneself to 自用（食物等）。 Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼。 4）with the help of 在帮助下。 With the help of her, he found his lost child. 在她的帮助下，他找到了失踪的小孩。 5） help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。 Please help me with my French. 请帮我学法语。 7. Good food and exercise help me to study better. 这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级 well与good用法比较：从词性用法上比较 1） good 只用作形容词不用作副词其副词形式用 well。如 He speaks good English. 他的英语说得好。 He speaks English well. 他的英语说得好。 2)well 既可用作副词也可用作形容词。用作形容词时, 其用法很有限, 只表示“健康的”“恰当的”或“令人满意的”等。如 She is very well. 她身体很好。注一般说来well 用作形容词时, 只用作表语而不用作定语(如上例)但在美国英语中well 表示“身体健康”时有时也可用作定语。 从相关短语用法上比较 be good at 与 do well in两者均可表示“擅长”。如 She is good at telling stories. 她擅于讲故事。 = She does well in telling stories. 注表示擅长某一学科时也可用be good in。如 He is good at in maths. 他擅长数学。 2) as good as 与 as well as用于本义时, 两者均可表示“与一样好”, 但 good 是形容词, 而 well 是副词。如 他说英语说得跟她一样好。 正He speaks English as well as her. 正His English is as good as hers. 但是用于引申义时两者的意思很不相同as good as 意为“几乎”“差不多”(=almost)as well as 意为“而且”。如 The work is as good as finished. 工作差不多干完了。 Shes clever as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮而且聪明。 As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm. 他不但摔断了腿, 而且还伤了胳。8. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy9. That sounds interesting.这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。新目标八年级英语上册第二单元复习I. 应掌握的词组：1. Have a cold 2. sore back 3. neck and neck 4. I have a stomachache = I have got a stomachache =There is something wrong with my stomach= My stomach hurts = I have (got) a pain in my stomach5. Whats the matter? = Whats the trouble (with you)? = Whats your trouble?= Whats wrong (with you)? =What is the matter (with you)? =What has happened to you? =Is there anything wrong (with you)?= whats up?6. sore throat 7. lie down and rest 8. see a dentist9. drink lots of water 10. hot tea with honey 11.Thats a good idea 12.Thats too bad 13.I think so 14. Im not feeling well. = Im feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad. = I dont feel well.15. get some rest 16. I have no idea = I dont know 17. stressed out 18. I am tired 19. a healthy lifestyle 20. traditional Chinese doctors21. a balance of yin and yang 22. you have too much yin.23. to eat a balance diet 24.healthy food 25. stay healthy =keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fit 26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself反身代词) =have a good time = have a wonderful time=have fun27. enjoy sth. =like sth. enjoy doing sth.=like dong sthpractice doing sth. mind doing sth. ，finish doing sth. give up doing sth.cant help doing sth. keep ding sth. 即：practice, mind, finish, give up, cant help, keep 与enjoy用法基本相似 28.at the moment = now 29. Host family 30. Conversation practice 31.Im sorry to hear that.应掌握的句子：1. 你怎么了？我得了重感冒。2或许你应该看牙医。3我希望你很快好起来。4传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。5吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。6太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。7有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。8. 疲倦时，晚上你不该外出。9. 我认为每天晚上睡八小时很重要。10这段时间我感觉不大好。我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。11我很容易紧张，因为普通话没有长进。12我每天练习弹钢琴。第二部分 冠词的用法考点精讲一、不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人、事或物，相当于any。这是不定冠词a / an的基本用法。A horse is a useful animal. 2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。A boy is waiting for you at the school gate. 3.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4.表示“每一”，相当于every。Take the medicine three times a day. 吃这种药，每日三次。5.用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。Ive tried it three times. Let me try a fourth time.我已试过三次了。让我再试一次吧。6.用在某些固定词组中。a bit 有一点儿; 一会儿 a bit of 一点儿; 少许 a few 一些; 少数几个 a little 一点儿 a lot (of ) 许多a moment later 片刻之后 a pair of 一对，一双 a piece of 一张/片/块 after a while 过一会儿have a good time 玩得很高兴have/take a look看一看have a rest休息have a swim游泳have a test 进行测验once upon a time 从前 leave a message 留话 make a mistake 犯错误 take a photo/picture 照张像in a minute 一会儿; 立刻 make a noise 吵闹 just a moment 等一会儿 want a go 试一试二、定冠词the的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Open the window please. 请把窗户打开。(双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗户)3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。4.指世上独一无二的事物。Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon?太阳、地球和月亮哪个最大？5.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。The first truck is the fastest of all.6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great wall长城，the Summer Palace颐和园，7.用在某些形容词前，表示某类人。the rich富人the poor穷人the sick病人the old老人the young年轻人8.用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。The Turners are going home on a train. 9.用在方位词前。on the left在左边 in the east在东方 at the back/front of在的后/前面10.用在乐器名称前。Do you like playing the piano? 你喜欢弹钢琴吗？11.用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派名词前。the Huai River 淮河 the United States of American 美国12.用在某些固定词组中。all the same 仍然all the time 一直at the same time 同时 all the year round 一年到头at the age of 在岁时at the beginning of 起初; 开始at the end of 在的尽头/末尾at the entrance of 在门口at the foot of 在脚下at the head of 在的前面at the moment 此刻by the time 到时候by the way 顺便说do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服give.the message 捎口信给go to the classroom 去教室 in the end 最后 in the hat 戴帽子的 in the middle of the day 中午in the morning在上午in the open air 在户外；在野外jump the queue 不按次序排队the people 人民look the same 看起来很像 on the earth 在地球上the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天the high jump 跳高the long jump 跳远 the next day 第二天the next year下一年the starting line起跑线三、不用冠词的情况1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。Im going to England next week for a holiday.下周我将要去英国度假。2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词my, your, his, her等；指示代词this/ these, that/those; 不定代词some, any等及所有格限制时。The letter is in her pocket. 信在她的衣袋里。3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。My father and mother are teachers. 我的父亲和母亲是教师。4.在星期、月份、季节、节日前。Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teachers Day.The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. 注意 如月份、季节被一限定性定语修饰，要加the：He joined the Army in the spring of 1982. 他在1982年春季参军。5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。Happy Teachers Day, Miss Zhao! Here it is, Mom!6.在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前。Can you play basketball? We are having lunch. I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 我认为汉语比其它学科更普及。7.固定词组：与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus, by car, by bike, by train, by air/plane, by sea/ship名词词组：day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there介词词组：at home在家 at noon在中午 at night在晚上 at work在工作 in hospital在住院 in bed躺在床上 in surprise惊奇地 on foot步行 on duty值日 on time准时 on holiday在度假 on business经商 on show展览 on top of在顶部 for example例如 go短语：go home回家 go to bed上床睡觉 go to school去上学 go to work去上班go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼考题解析1. We saw_ elephant in the zoo. _ elephant was from India. A. a; The B. the; An C. an; The D. the; A点拨表示泛指某类事物中的一个，用a或an；第二次提到某事物时用the。因elephant以元音e开头。2. If you dont mind, pass me _ apple, please. (2003长沙) A. a B. an C. the D. 不填点拨由前半句If you dont mind的语气判断，此处应用不定冠词表泛指。用定冠词，显得生硬，不礼貌。3. I am reading _ novel. It is _ interesting story. (2003昆明) A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an点拨此题考查不定冠词表“泛指”及a与an的用法区别等。4. _ earth we live on is bigger than _ moon. (2003广东) A. The; a B. The; the C. An; a D. An; the 点拨此题考查定冠词用在世上独一无二的名词前的用法。earth, sun, moon, , sky, world前要用定冠词。5. Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. (2003山西)Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a点拨第一空用不定冠词表泛指；由后一句I think I saw it somewhere.(我想我在某个地方见过)可知，第二空用不定冠词泛指“一支黑色的”。6. The boys and girls often play_ football in _ afternoon. (2003兰州) A. /; an B. the; an C./; the D. a; the点拨此题考查零冠词和固定短语。球类运动和三餐等名词前不用冠词。in the afternoong是固定词组。7. Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou? (2003杭州)Yes. I had _ wonderful time.A. a B. an C. the D./ 点拨“我们玩地很开心”。此题考查固定短语中不定冠词的用法。have a good/great/wonderful time是固定短语。又如have a rest, have a swim, have a meeting, have a look, have a picnic等。10. Theres _ “h” in the word hour. (2003南京) A. a B. the C. an D. 不填点拨考a和an区别。h是辅音字母但以元音开头，故用an。以元音开头的辅音字母有f, h, l, m, n, r, s x。【专项训练】一、单项选择1. We work five days _ week. A. a B. an C. the D. /2. _book on the desk is _ useful one. A. The; an B. A ; a C. The ; a D. The ; /3. We cant see _ sun at _ night. A. a; / B. a; the C. the; /.D. the; the4. After _ supper, he stayed at home and played _ piano. A. the; the B. /; the C. /; a D. /; / 5. I have two dogs._ black one is two years old and _ yellow one is three years old.A. A; a B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the6. Ive tried it three times. Let me try _ fourth time. A. a B. an C. the D. /7. In the word poridge _ r is lost. A. the B. an C. a D. /8. English is _ useful language in _ world. A. an; the B. a; the C. the; the D. an; an9. _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River. A. The; a B. A; / C. A; the D. An; an 10. This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table. A. a; The B. an; The C. an; An D. the; An11. Have you seen _ bag? I left it here just now. Is it _ one on the chair near the door?A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a12. I have _ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some13.This is _ apple. Its_ big apple. A. an; a B. a; the C. a; an D. an; the14. They passed our school _ day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the15._ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school.A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the16.This is _interesting story-book and it is also _ useful one. A. a; a B. an; an C. an; a D. a; an17. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to go there by _bus.A. an; / B. an; a C. a; / D. /; /18. Bill is _English teacher. He likes playing _ football. A. a; the B. an; the C. a; / D. an; /19. Shanghai is in_ east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a20. Beijing is _ beautiful city. Its _ capital of China. A. a; a B. the; the C./; the D. a; the21. Bill had _apple in one hand and _orange in the other.A.a , a B.an , an C.a , the D.the , the22. Is there _“s”in the end of the word? A.an B.a C.the D. /23 My brother will be back in half _hour. A.a B.the C.an D.one24. The word “your” has _“y”,_“o”_“u”and _“r”in it.A.a, a, an, a B.a , an , a , a C.a , an , a , an D.an , an , a , a25. This is_usefull book for beginners in _English. A.a , an B.a , C.a , a D.the , the26. _ book is very usefull. I bought it from_unknown little town. A.A , a B.The, a C.The,the