【备考2014 志鸿优化设计】（湖南专用）2013版中考英语总复习 专题二十一 翻译语篇（题型专题探究+命题趋势+题型解法）（含解析） 人教新目标版.doc

题型专题探究专题二十一 翻译语篇1“翻译”是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思想内容、感情、风格等忠实地重新表现出来。要求考生掌握各种句式、短语及习惯表达法的运用，正确运用两种语态和八种时态。2中考对翻译句子的考查重点是：（1）常见句型的结构及固定搭配；（2）常见短语的用法及习惯表达方式；（3）重要语法规则及其运用；（4）英、汉两种语言在表达方面的异同。3考查的方式主要有：英汉句子互译。翻译句子通常有两种题型：把文中画线部分的句子译成英语或译成汉语。这是对考生综合知识能力的考查，考生必须具备丰富的词汇和语法知识，同时还要结合句子所在文章的特定语境及背景，灵活翻译。解答英汉句子互译题，要注意一词多义和一句多译，比较、区别两种语言的不同表达，选择合适的句型、句式。要掌握英语句子的语序，防止逐词翻译而构成汉语式英语。要用自己最熟悉的、最有把握的词汇和句型，要注意选择正确的时态、语态，注意主谓一致，注意词的正确形式等。如果是语篇翻译，还要注意上下文的联系。【例】 （2012湖南岳阳中考）Students learn their lessons in class.Teachers teach them.71.Students sit in the classroom listening to the teacher.This is the common way of learning.Is this the only way for students to learn？Of course not.72.有一些其他的学习方式。Besides listening to teachers，students can learn something by themselves.As you know，many students in schools have found new ways of learning things by themselves in class.The first thing is to read something they are interested in or they have to read.The second is that before they ask others，they must ask themselves questions that they dont understand.The third is,73.to_answer_the_questions_themselves_by_thinking_hard，by reading the text or other books.If they still have questions，they may show them to the class.Any student or the teacher who can deal with the questions may answer them in class.74.学生们可以互相学习。They are learning by working together.75.They_have_found_great_success_in_their_study. If you keep doing in this way for a long time，youre sure to succeed in your study，too.71_72_73_74_75_参考答案：71学生们坐在教室里听老师讲课。72There are（some）other ways of learning.73通过自己努力思考来回答问题。74Students can learn from each other.75他们在学习中（已经）取得了很大的成功。AWhen I was 13 years old，a boy gave me an important gift.1.那是一丝微笑。It was the early autumn of my first year at a junior high school，and my old school was far away.As a result，no one knew who I was.I was very lonely，and afraid to make friends with anyone.Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing，I felt my problem，and I didnt want my parents to worry about me.Then one day，my classmates talked happily with their friends，but I sat at my desk unhappily as usual.2.那时，一个男孩走进教室。I didnt know who he was.He passed me and then turned back.He looked at me and，without a word，smiled.Suddenly，I felt the touch of something bright and friendly.3.It_made_me_feel_happy，lively_and_warm.4That_smile_changed_my_life.I started to talk with the other students and made friends.5.Day_by_day，I_became_closer_to_everyone_in_my_class.The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now.One day，I asked him why he smiled，but he couldnt remember smiling at me!It doesnt matter because all the dark days have gone.Now I believe that the world is what you think it is.If you think you are lonely，you might always be alone.So，smile at the world and it will smile back.1_2._3._4._5._B（2012湖南常德中考）Being a youth（青年）is one thing，and being a good one is another.A good youth should have these qualities（品质）：6.首先，健康是最重要的。 Without it，nothing can be done well.If you are poor in health，you cant work，do sports and so on.7.Secondly，one_must_have_a_kind_heart. Always do something good for others.Help those in trouble and care about the people around you.If everyone does the same，we will have a wonderful world.8.Thirdly，one_must_have_the_ability_to_work_with_others. Cooperation （合作）and communication （交际）are two important keys to better human relations （关系）.9.Everyone_needs_friends_because_no_one_can_live_alone.10.此外，人人都要热爱祖国。A good youth will do the things his country asks him to do.I think a good youth of today should also have some training in art.If they can enjoy arts，they can also enjoy life.6_7_8_9_10_CSalt is very important to us.11.Without_enough_salt_we_will_get_ill.Animals need salt，too.They need salt to grow strong.Most of salt comes from the sea.12.People_dig_very_big_pools_and_let_sea_water_in.When the sun dries up the water，people can get the salt from the ground.There are a lot of salt wells（井）in our country.People bring the well water up to the ground and then dry it up in big jars（罐子）over fire.13.用这种方式，人们得到食盐。We can also get salt from salt mines（矿）The salt mines are under the ground.14.A_few_years_ago，people_found_a_big_salt_mine_in_China.In the northwest of China，there are a great number of salt lakes.15.其中有些湖很大。The salt in these lakes will be enough for all the people in our country for as long as hundreds of years.11_12_13_14_15_DWhen you want to go shopping，you should decide how much money you can spend for new clothes.Think about the kind of clothes you really need.Then look for those clothes on sale.There are labels（标签）inside all new clothes.16.标签告诉你怎样保管你的衣服。The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water.A sweater label may tell you to wash it in cold water.Washing may ruin（损坏）your coat.If you do as the directions say on the label，you can keep your clothes looking their best.17Many clothes today must be drycleaned.Drycleaning is expensive.When buying new clothes，check to see if they will need to be drycleaned.18.如果你买能用水洗的衣服你将会省钱。Wellmade clothes last longer.19.They_look_nice_even_after_they_have_been_washed_many_times.Clothes that cost more money are not always better made.20.Sometimes_less_expensive_clothes_look_and_fit_better_than_more_expensive_ones.16_17_18_19_20_EA Program Helps African Children Get Farming SkillsA program supported by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization（FAO：联合国粮农组织）is helping more and more African children get farming skills important for their life，the UN said.The program was carried out（执行）in 2004 in four schools of Bondo District in Nyanza Province in Kenya.21There_many_children_lost_their_parents_because_of_AIDS_so_they_couldnt_get_farming_skills_from_their_parents.At first，the program wanted to reduce hunger among young people in the country.And then 22.the FAO thought teaching those children without parents farming skills was also very important.So the program began to do so.The program，named Junior Farmer Field and Life School，uses a “Living classroom” method.23.他们用这种方法鼓励孩子们练习农业技能，such as planting in schoolyards and exchanging ideas with classmates.The UN report says the method（方法）of the program has not only been passed to over 20 other schools in the district，but another 11 African countries.24.Over_17,000_children_have_got_farming_skills_under_the_program.“We think the program is good.It can help those children without parents to learn farming skills.25.我们高兴的是很多孩子在我们的项目的帮助下获得了农业技能。We will work harder to pass the program to more and more countries to help more children.”a UN official（官员）said.21_22_23_24_25_参考答案 专题二十一翻译语篇专题提升演练A1It/This/That was a smile.2At that time（moment），a boy entered（came/went into）the cl