2014年职称英语《卫生A》真题答案解析.docx

第一部分：词汇选项1答案：A 形容词。hollow“空腹的；空的”，选项中只有empty同义，故选A。本句的意思是：他因害怕而感到腹中空空。sincere“真诚的；诚挚的”；respectful“恭敬的；有礼貌的”；terrible“可怕的”。2答案：B 动词。duplicate“复制；重复”，reproduce“复制；重现”，因此两词都意为“复制”，选B。本句意为：最初的实验不能完全复制。invent“发明、创造”；design“设计、构思”；report“报告”。3 答案：B 动词。span“持续”，与last同义，选B。本句的意思是：他的职业生涯长达16年。start“开始”；change“改变”；move“移动”。4答案：B 名词。deed“（所做的）事情；行为”，act“行为、行动”，两者同义，故选B。本句意思是：她觉得她这一天做了好事。homework“家庭作业”；Justice“公正；正义”；model“典型；模范”。5答案：A 动词。 advocate意为“提倡、拥护”，support“支持、拥护”，两者同义，选A。本句的意思是：该集团不主张使用暴力。limit“限制、限定”；regulate“调节、控制”；oppose“反对；对抗”。6答案：D 形容词。stationary“静止的、不动的”，motionless“静止的、一动不动的”，两词同义，故选D。本句意为：一些大鸟能在空中保持静止几分钟。silent“安静的、寂静的”；seated“就座的；固定的”；true“正确的；真实的”。7答案：A 名词。inclination意为“倾向、趋向”，tendency与它同义，故选A。本句意为：有一种趋向认为地理是一门次要的科学。point“要点、重点”；result“结果”；finding“发现”。8答案：A 形容词。absurd“滑稽可笑的；荒谬的”，ridiculous“可笑的；荒谬的”，两词同义，故选A。本句意为：那种支付使警卫们看起来很滑稽。serious“严重的；认真的”；beautiful“美丽的”；impressive“令人印象深刻的；感人的”。9答案：A 形容词。monotonous“单调的”，dull“单调的、无聊的”，两词同义，故选A。本句意为：新秘书以单调的规律来了又去。amazing“令人惊奇的、惊讶的”；depressing“令人沮丧的、令人失望的”；predictable“可预言的”。10答案：B 名词。strife“冲突”，conflict与它同义，故选B。本句意为：这个国家被冲突弄得四分五裂。poverty“贫困”；war“战争”；economy“经济”。11答案：B 形容词。本句意为：这是塌天大祸。cosmic意为“宇宙的；广阔的”，huge“巨大的、无限的”，因此在这句话中两词的意思可以视为同义，故选B。 modest“谦虚的”；commercial“商业的”；national“名族的；国家的”。12答案：B 形容词。inverse“相反的”；equal“相等的”；certain“确定的”；large“大的”；opposite“相反的”，与inverse同义，选B。本句意为：一个人的财富往是与幸福成反比的。13答案：A 动词短语。defer“推迟、延期”，put off同义，故选A。本句意为：这个部门推迟了六个月才做决定。arrive at“到达某地”；abide by“遵守；信守”；protest against“反对；抗议”。14答案：C 动词。render“提出；汇报”，如render a report“提供报告”；copy“复制；抄袭”；publish“出版；发表”；summarize“总结”；furnish“提供”，与render同义，注意不是finish，故选C。本句意思是：该委员会被要求提供住房情况报告。15答案：D 动词。manifest“显示、出现”；ease“缓和；减轻”；appear“显现；出现”，与manifest同义；improve“提高；改善”；relieve“缓解、减轻”，与ease同义，故答案选D。本句意为：十天后，这种病的症状显现出来。第二部分：阅读判断16答案：A 定位于第一段When British TV chef Jamie Oliver launched his Feed Me Better campaign in 2004 in schools in the Greenwich area of London with the aim of （=target）improving the diet of British schoolchildren意为“以提高英国学生的饮食为目的”，与题干相同，故选A。17答案：B 定位于第一段some people were skeptical about the impact it would have.意为“有些人对这一活动带来的影响产生怀疑。”与题干“大家都认为这活动会取得成功”不一致，故选B。18答案：C 定位于第二段Now, research at the institute for Social and Economic Research（ISER）has shown that Oliver s experiment did not only help pupils eat more healthily, it also resulted in them performing better at school in English and Science and in helping schools reduce their rates of absenteeism（缺勤）.可知这机构调查了学生在英语和科技方面的表现，有没有调查学生在体育方面的表现，没有提及，故选C。 19答案：C 定位于第二段substantial positive effects, with the performance of 11-year-old pupils eating Olivers meals improving by up to 8% in Science and by as much as 6% in English.可知吃奥利弗饭菜的人数增加，但没有说学生们喜欢吃，题干的信息没有提及，故选C。20答案：A 定位于第二段In addition, the number of children having authorized absences for sickness since 2004 showed a 14% decrease.意为“自2004以来，学生因生病请假的人数下降了14%”与题干相同，故选A。21答案：B 定位于第三段The ISER study analysed the academic test results of more than 13,000 children in Greenwich between 2002 and 2007 to evaluate the impact of Olivers healthier meals on school performance.可知这机构对此新饮食的影响进行了对比研究，与题干意思相反，故选B。22答案：A 定位于最后一段He commented that we could see that it （=the healthier diet）made them（=schoolchildren） calmer and therefore able to learn（=improve academically）.意为“他评论，我们可以知道健康的饮食能让学生们静下心来好好学习。”与题干“健康的饮食能帮助学生们提高学业成绩”意思相同，故选A。第三部分：概括大意与完成句子23. D 定位于本段第一句Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties.为中心句，意为“芳香疗法是一种替代医学基于非常集中的使用精油的鲜花、树叶、树皮、树枝或根的植物被认为是治疗功效。”，因此第一段是对芳香疗法作介绍，故选D。24. F 定位于本段第一句Many people have aromatherapy massages（按摩）,and depending on the treatment a person is having（=personalized）, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders.为中心句，故选F。25. C 第三段没有中心句，定位每句的主谓语Practitioners（职业医生） of aromatherapy believe that；Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that；It has also been argued that可知本段是对芳香疗法的不同观点，故选C。26. E 定位于本段第一句However, while aromatherapy may have real effects that promote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers（=Doubts about the benefits aromatherapy），意为“对芳香疗法好处的怀疑”，故选E。27. E 定位于第一段第一句Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties（=effects）.故选E。28. A 定位于第二段末句The sessions are tailored（定制） to the individuals health and mood at the time, so every session is unique.与选项F suit different people（适合不同的人群）符合，故选A。29. D 定位于第二段the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders.意为“芳疗师把按摩油抹在手上活肩上。”，选项B be used externally意为“外部使用”，两者相同，可选D。30. B 定位于第四段末句More research needs to be conducted(=be further explored) to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects（=the used and the benefits）.意为“需要进行更多的研究以对芳香疗法的使用效果作出正确的结论。”故选B。第四部分：阅读理解31答案：B 细节辨认题。定位于第一段末尾the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.可得出A和D；第三段Of the women, 47% said walking was their only recreational activity.可得出C；选项A breathing exercise会误认为是“有氧运动”，但真正的意思是“气功；呼吸训练”，故选B。32答案：A 推理判断题。定位第四段We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day（=daily walking） was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer （=cut the chance of breast cancer）in these women.可推断选A，且C和D错误；选项B在文章中没有提及。33答案：D 细节辨认题。定位于第四段Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study，可知选D。epidemiologist意为“流行病医师”，B错误；Dr. Alpa Patel是在American Cancer Society不是在Cancer Epidemiology或Breast Cancer Campaign，A和C错误。34答案：D 细节辨认题。定位于第三段Of the women, 47% said walking was their only recreational activity.选项A中是most women“大多数女人”，两者不一致，选项A错误，选项D中是about half of the women正确，故选D。35答案：D 词义解释题。定位于末段最后一句The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer. sustainable意为“可持续的”，continuable同义，故选D。affordable“负担得起的”；available“可利用的”；persistent“执着的”。36答案：B 观点态度题。定位于第一段In order to generate that energy, fossil fuels (coal oil, and gas) are burnt, and these produce greenhouse gases in particular carbon dioxide (CO2) a year, and it is the same CO2 that is changing the climate and damaging the environment.是主旨句，选项B最符合，故选B。37答案：C 细节辨认题。定位于第三段In 2008, the total UK CO2 emissions were 533 million tones 27% (144 million tons) of those emissions came from the energy used to heat, light, and power homes. Transport emissions caused by passenger cars, buses and motorcycles accounted for a further 16% (87 million tons) of the UKs CO2 emissions.可知家庭使27% (144 million tons)使用而排放的CO2多于交通16% (87 million tons)的排放量。故选C。38答案：D 细节辨认题。定位于第二段people have been burning increasing amounts of fossil fuels, thus releasing more CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the process.故选D。39答案：C 细节辨认题。定位于最后一段In the UK in the last 40 years, winters have grown warmer with much heavier rainfall.故选C。40答案：D 主旨大意题。本文主要的目的是描述英国天气变化的影响，选项D最符合。选项B是第三段的主旨；选项C是第二段的主旨，选项A在文中没有提及。41答案：C 细节辨认题。定位于第二段Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday.可知选C。42答案：A 细节辨认题。定位于第二段Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday. The hospital said the patient was “awake and responsive”（=in a good condition） Tuesday and resting comfortably.因此知道“手术后第二天，这位病人看起来状况很良好。”故选A。43答案：B 细节辨认题。定位于第四段The new pump, called AbioCor, is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s, which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. The most famous of those, the Jarvic-7,可知在1980年代时，the Jarvic-7是机械心脏中最有名的的一个，故选B。44答案：B 细节辨认题。定位于第五段However, he said the dream of an implantable, permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality. ”This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated.”“这显然是一个实验装置，长期的成功必须有待证明。”故选B still in the experimental stage“仍然处于实验阶段”。45答案：A 推理判断题。定位于第六段Only about half of the 4,200 Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year, and most of the rest died. 可知捐赠的心脏数量有限，极少数的人可以成功，即使人工制造的心脏效果没有这样好，在将来的某一天也经代替捐赠心脏，故可推断选A。选项C和D是文章中的原句，不是推理的，故不选；选项B在文中没有提及。 第五部分：补全对话46. E 定位于空白处前一句During her ordeal, Thompson swore to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist, a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted her brutally.可知Thompson回忆起被袭击的当晚，而选项E就是对这句话的进一步解释和说明，主要讲Thompson被袭击时的行为。空白处后一句可知Thompson指认出当晚袭击她的人，符合逻辑和语境，故选E。47. A 定位于空白处前一句Cottons lawyer appealed the decision, and by the time of the appeals hearing, evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole.和后一句Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.可知Thompson再次指认强奸她的人就是Cotton，故选A Another trial was held.意为“进行了另一次审判。”48. C 定位于空白处前一句Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated（证明清白）Cotton and just as unequivocally（明确地） convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime.可知Cotton证明无罪，而Poole宣告有罪。因此Thompson感到震惊和伤心，且空白处后一句的主语是she与选项C相同，故选C。49. D 定位于空白处前一句And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.可知Thompson如此确定的人却是清白的，因此她亲自就见他，并道歉，故选D。50. B 定位于空白前一句Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives “with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly.可知Thompson很后悔，认为深深地伤害了Cotton，因此选B。第六部分：完形填空51. D 代词。本句意为：科学家们发现，采用皮肤化验的方法可以判断病人是否患有早老性痴呆症，并且最终有助于医生预测哪些人有患上这种神经功能紊乱性疾病的危险。因此选D who。52. D 动词。diagnose“诊断”，如diagnose the disease“诊断疾病”，且后面有出现这次可判断选D。本句意为：要诊断一个病人是否患有这类疾病，目前唯一的方法是进行一系列长期而昂贵的测试，以排除 导致痴呆的其他病因。fight“打架”；transmit“传播”；carry“拿；携带”。53. C 名词。disease“疾病”，由文章的内容和复现可选C。本句意为：自从艾洛伊斯阿尔茨海默记载了这一病症以后。54. B 副词。slowly“慢慢地”；accurately“准确地”；newly“最近；重新”；incorrectly“错误地”，根据语境选B。本句意为：近一百年来人们一直在努力寻找能够在早期阶段就精确地诊断出这种疾病的方法。55. C 动词。design“设计”；announce“宣布”；confirm“确定；证实”；report“报告”，根