2015考研英语阅读理解精读P17-医学.doc

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P17医学Passage 17William Shakespeare described old age as second childishness- sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste. In the case of taste he may, musically speaking, have been even more perceptive than he realized. A paper in Neurology by Giovanni Frisoni and his colleagues at the National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimers Disease in Brescia, Italy, shows that one form of senile dementia can affect musical desires in ways that suggest a regression, if not to infancy, then at least to a patients teens.Frontotemporal dementia is caused, as its name suggests, by damage to the front and sides of the brain. These regions are concerned with speech, and with such higher functions as abstract thinking and judgment. Frontotemporal damage therefore produces different symptoms from the loss of memory associated with Alzheimers disease, a more familiar dementia that affects the hippocampus and amygdala in the middle of the brain. Frontotemporal dementia is also rarer than Alzheimers. In the past five years the centre in Brescia has treated some 1,500 Alzheimers patients; it has seen only 46 with frontotemporal dementia.Two of those patients interested Dr Frisoni. One was a 68-year-old lawyer, the other a 73-year-old housewife. Both had undamaged memories, but displayed the sorts of defect associated with frontotemporal dementia-a diagnosis that was confirmed by brain scanning. About two years after he was first diagnosed the lawyer, once a classical music lover whoreferred to pop music as mere noise, started listening to the Italian pop band 883. As his command of language and his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated, hecontinued to listen to the band at full volume for many hours a day. The housewife had not even had the lawyers love of classical music, having never enjoyed music of any sort in the past. But about a year after her diagnosis she became very interested in the songs that her 11-year-old granddaughter was listening to.This kind of change in musical taste was not seen in any of the Alzheimers patients, and thus appears to be specific to those with frontotemporal dementia. And other studies have remarked on how frontotemporal-dementia patients sometimes gain new talents. Five sufferers who developed artistic abilities are known. And in another lapse of musical taste, one woman with the disease suddenly started composing and singing country and western songs.Dr Frisoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new attitude towards novel experiences. Previous studies of novelty-seeking behavior suggest that it is managed by the brains right frontal lobe. A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the latter, might thus lead to a quest for new experience. Alternatively, the damage may have affected some specific neural circuit that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music. Whether that is a gain or a loss is a different matter. As Dr Frisoni puts it in his article, de gustibus non disputandum est. Or, in plainer words, there is no accounting for taste.11. For Shakespeare, old age as “second childishness” for they have the sameA favorite.B memory.C experience.D sense.12. Which one is not a symptom of Frototemporal dementia?A the loss of memory.B the loss of judgment.C the loss of abstract thinking .D the loss of speech.13. From the two patients mentioned in the passage, it can be concluded thatA their command of language has deteriorated.B their emotional attachments to friends and family are being lost.C the Frontotemporal dementia can bring new gifts.D Frontotemporal dementia can cause patients to change their musical tastes.14.The “novel” in the last paragraph meansA historical.B special.C story-like.D strange.15. From the passage, it can be inferred thatA the damage of the left frontal lobe may affect some specific neural circuit.B the lawyer patient has the left frontal lobe damaged.C the damage of the left frontal lobe decreased the appreciation certain kinds of music.D every patient has the same taste.答案：DADDB题目分析11. 答案为 D，属推理判断题，文章第一句“莎士比亚把老年人比作人生第二个幼年期”，紧接着后面“sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste”是补充说明的，sans 不知道是什么意思，但可以推断老人和婴儿在牙齿、眼睛、味觉方面的特点就是在这些方面都不敏感，(sans是法语，意思是“没有”)那么答案中 A 爱好 B 记忆 C 经历 D 感觉，根据原文应该是 D，因牙齿、眼睛、味觉都和感官有关。12. 答案为 A，属事实细节题，文章第二段脑周损伤痴呆顾名思义脑前和脑周受到破坏。它会影响语言表达能力，抽象思维能力和判断能力，因此答案中只有 A “丧失记忆”是文章没有提到的。13. 答案为 D，属推理判断题。 文章第五段中提到“这种对音乐品味的变化在 Alzheimers 病人中是看不到的。它好像是脑周痴呆病人特有的症状。”而且文中提到的这两个人都是在爱好的音乐类型上发生了变化，所以答案中 A 驾驭语言的能力衰退 B 对朋友和家人的感情疏远 C 脑周痴呆可能会对病人引发出新的兴趣和天分;D 痴呆可使病人在音乐品味上有变化，D 最为切合。虽然第五段也提到了这种病可以让人产生新的天分，但是其他的研究所发现的。14. 答案为 D，属猜词题，最后一段 Frisoni 论述到疾病使人对新鲜事物产生兴趣 “A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the latter,might thus lead to a quest for new experience.”A 历史的 B 特别的，C 特殊的故事般的 D 新奇的，稀奇的，这四个答案中，D 最为符合。15. 答案为 B，属推理判断题，文章最后一段解释了为什么病人会对一些新奇的经验有新的态度。“Previous studies of novelty-seeking behavior suggest that it is managed by the brains right frontal lobe.A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the latter, might thus lead to a quest for new experience. Alternatively, the damage may have affected some specific neural circuit that is needed to appreciate certain kinds of music.“研究表明，大脑的右前体控制人追求稀奇事务的作为。一旦左前体受损，右前脑体作用突出，随即引发人对新事物的兴趣。或者说，这种损伤会影响用来欣赏某种音乐的特殊神经电路。” A 左半脑体受损影响一些特殊神经电路 根据文章有两种可能，这一点不能确定。B 那位律师病人的左前脑体受损了，律师对音乐的喜好发生了变化，这证明了是左前脑体受损了;C 左半脑体受损能减少对音乐的喜好 文中指提到会影响，至于是增加还是减少对音乐的喜好就不一定了;D 每个病人有同样的品味，从文章最后一句可以看出，每个人品味是不同的。凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构；激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。如何选择考研辅导班：在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。 师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候