Lesson Eight I27d Rather Be Black Than Female.ppt

LessonEight I dRatherBeBlackThanFemalebyShirlyChisholm SchoolofForeignLanguagesandCultures 2012 04 24 1 Topicsfordiscussion Haveyouoryourfriendeverencounteredsexualdiscrimination Wouldyoupleasesharethestorywithus Doyoubelievethatsexualdiscriminationisquitecommoninoursociety Canyougivesomeexamples Whyarewomenthevictimsofsexualdiscrimination Canyouhelpanalyzethereasonsbehind Whichjobsaremorelikelytobeconnectedwithwomen Why Inwhichaspectarewomenfacedwithmoreserioussexualdiscrimination Why I Warming up 2 ThecreationofmanandwomanintheBible ThentheLORDGodformedmanofdustfromtheground andbreathedintohisnostrilsthebreathoflife andmanbecamealivingbeing TheLORDGodplantedagardentowardtheeast inEden andthereHeplacedthemanwhomHehadformed OutofthegroundtheLORDGodcausedtogroweverytreethatispleasingtothesightandgoodforfood thetreeoflifealsointhemidstofthegarden andthetreeoftheknowledgeofgoodandevil ThentheLORDGodsaid Itisnotgoodforthemantobealone Iwillmakehimahelpersuitableforhim OutofthegroundtheLORDGodformedeverybeastofthefieldandeverybirdofthesky andbroughtthemtothemantoseewhathewouldcallthem andwhateverthemancalledalivingcreature thatwasitsname Themangavenamestoallthecattle andtothebirdsofthesky andtoeverybeastofthefield butforAdamtherewasnotfoundahelpersuitableforhim SotheLORDGodcausedadeepsleeptofallupontheman andheslept thenHetookoneofhisribsandclosedupthefleshatthatplace TheLORDGodfashionedintoawomantheribwhichHehadtakenfromtheman andbroughthertotheman Themansaid Thisisnowboneofmybones Andfleshofmyflesh SheshallbecalledWoman BecauseshewastakenoutofMan Forthisreasonamanshallleavehisfatherandhismother andbejoinedtohiswife andtheyshallbecomeoneflesh Andthemanandhiswifewerebothnakedandwerenotashamed 3 Thesexualdiscriminationreflectedinlanguage Womanwoman源于古英语的wifeman 即thewifeorfemaleofthemankind 男人的女人 2 History由his和story构成的 也就是说 历史是男人的故事 没有也不需要女人的参与3 以man结尾 含有man的复合词及派生词 man kind man made freshman manhood manly toman manhours manpower humanbeings synthetic first yearstudent adulthood strong tooperate workhours workforce Businessman Chairman Congressman Fireman Fisherman Policeman Spokesman Tradesman4 each everyone anyone one等在正规句子表达中也被规定要用he his或者himself代替 为规避性别歧视现象 我们不妨可用he she they those代替he II CulturalNotes AbouttheauthorShirleyAnitaSt HillChisholm November30 1924 January1 2005 wasanAmericanpolitician educator andauthor ShewasaCongresswoman representingNewYork s12thCongressionalDistrictforseventermsfrom1969to1983 In1968 shebecamethefirstAfricanAmericanwomanelectedtoCongress OnJanuary25 1972 shebecamethefirstmajor partyblackcandidateforPresidentoftheUnitedStatesandthefirstwomantorunfortheDemocraticpresidentialnomination 2 InternationalWomen sDay InternationalWomen sDay IWD originallycalledInternationalWorkingWomen sDay ismarkedonMarch8everyyear Indifferentregionsthefocusofthecelebrationsrangesfromgeneralcelebrationofrespect appreciationandlovetowardswomentoacelebrationforwomen seconomic politicalandsocialachievements ThefirstnationalWomen sDaywasobservedon28February1909intheUnitedStates FromitsofficialadoptioninRussiafollowingtheSovietRevolutionin1917theholidaywaspredominantlycelebratedincommunistandsocialistcountries ItwascelebratedbythecommunistsinChinafrom1922 andbySpanishcommunistsfrom1936 AfterthefoundingofthePeople sRepublicofChinaonOctober1 1949thestatecouncilproclaimedonDecember23thatMarch8wouldbemadeanofficialholidaywithwomeninChinagivenahalf dayoff http en wikipedia org wiki International Women s Day 2 Feministmovement Thefeministmovement alsoknownastheWomen sMovement Women sLiberation orWomen sLib referstoaseriesofcampaignsforreformsonissuessuchasreproductiverights domesticviolence maternityleave equalpay women ssuffrage sexualharassmentandsexualviolence Themovementbeganinthewesternworldinthelate18thcenturyandhasgonethroughthreewaves First wavefeminism the19ththroughearly20thcenturies wasorientedaroundthestationofmiddleorupper classwhitewomen andinvolvedsuffrageandpoliticalequality Second wavefeminism 1960s 1980s attemptedtofurthercombatsocialandculturalinequalities Third wavefeminism c 1980 c 1990 includesrenewedcampaigningforwomen sgreaterinfluenceinpolitics http en wikipedia org wiki Feminist movement 4 Feminism Feminismisacollectionofmovementsaimedatdefining establishing anddefendingequalpolitical economic andsocialrightsforwomen Inaddition feminismseekstoestablishequalopportunitiesforwomenineducationandemployment Afeministisa personwhosebeliefsandbehaviorarebasedonfeminism Feministtheory whichemergedfromthesefeministmovements aimstounderstandthenatureofgenderinequalitybyexaminingwomen ssocialrolesandlivedexperience ithasdevelopedtheoriesinavarietyofdisciplinesinordertorespondtoissuessuchasthesocialconstructionofsexandgender Feministtheoryistheextensionoffeminismintotheoreticalorphilosophicalfields Itencompassesworkinavarietyofdisciplines includinganthropology sociology economics women sstudies literarycriticism arthistory psychoanalysisandphilosophy Themesexploredinfeministtheoryincludediscrimination stereotyping objectification especiallysexualobjectification oppression andpatriarchy Feministcampaignshavechangedsocieties particularlyintheWest byachievingwomen ssuffrage genderneutralityinEnglish equalpayforwomen reproductiverightsforwomen includingaccesstocontraceptivesandabortion andtherighttoenterintocontractsandownproperty Feministshaveworkedtoprotectwomenandgirlsfromdomesticviolence sexualharassment andsexualassault Theyhavealsoadvocatedforworkplacerights includingmaternityleave andagainstformsofdiscriminationagainstwomen Feminismismainlyfocusedonwomen sissues butbecausefeminismseeksgenderequality somefeministsarguethatmen sliberationisanecessarypartoffeminism andthatmenarealsoharmedbysexismandgenderroles http en wikipedia org wiki Feminism 5 Womeninpolitics Womeningovernmentinthemoderneraareunder representedinmostcountriesworldwide incontrasttomen However womenareincreasinglybeingpoliticallyelectedtobeheadsofstateandgovernment Morethan20countriescurrentlyhaveawomanholdingofficeastheheadofanationalgovernment andtheglobalparticipationrateofwomeninnational levelparliamentsisnearly20 Anumberofcountriesareexploringmeasuresthatmayincreasewomen sparticipationingovernmentatalllevels fromthelocaltothenational http en wikipedia org wiki Women in politics Someinfluentialwomeninpolitics MargaretThatcherPrimeMinisterofEngland b 1925 IndiraGandhiPrimeMinisterofIndia 1917 1984 HillaryDianeRodhamClinton h l rida n r d m kl nt n bornOctober26 1947 ChancellorofGermany AngelaDorotheaMerkel a e lado o te a m kl born17July1954 YingluckShinawatra born21 June1967 YingluckisThailand sfirstfemalePrimeMinisterandat44istheyoungestPrimeMinisterofThailandinover60years III Readingthetext Paragraph1QuestionsWhydoesthewritersaysheissomekindofphenomenon WhydoesthewriterespeciallymentionthenumberofblacksandwomeninCongress Whicharethetwohandicaps Whichoneismoreserioustothewriter Whatisthetoneofthewriter Howistonereflectedinthelanguage 2 ExpressionsBeelectedtoCongressSomekindof HandicapDrawback 3 SentencesBeingthefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongresshasmademesomekindofphenomenon BeingthefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongresshasmademequiteanunusual extraordinarywoman 成为第一个当选为国会议员的黑人妇女使我成了个突出人物 Ofthetwohandicaps beingblackismuchlessofadrawbackthanbeingfemale Ofthetwodifficulties beingfemaleisamoreseriousdifficultyformethanbeingblack 在这两个不利因素中 是个黑人远远不如是个女人糟糕 是个女人远比是个黑人糟糕 Paragraph2QuestionsWhydoesthewriterput weallknow inquestionmarks Whydoesn tthewriterjustsay nearlyallmenandmostwomen butexpressherideasinthatway Whatkindofwritingstrategyisadoptedinthisparagraph 2 ExpressionsPrejudicestrikesbas Paragraph3QuestionsDidwhitepeopleknowfromthestartthattheydiscriminatedtheblackpeople Whatwerewhitepeople sreactionwhenblackpeoplebegantostrugglefortheirequality Whichformsdidtheblackpeopletaketofightfortheirequality Whyistheword mention putinquotationmarks Whatisthemeaningfor painfulreeducation Isracialdiscriminationfullyeliminatednowadays Howisthisexpressedinthetext 2 ExpressionsInvisibleSit inBoycottFreedomrideIncredulousLiberalEliminateRacist 3 SentencesItwasthestartofalong painfulreeducationforwhitepeople Theblackpeoplebegantostrugglefortheirequalityinvariousformsandthislongstrugglingtaughtthewhitepeopleabouttherelationbetweenthemandtheblackpeopleinapainfulway 对白人来说 这是漫长而痛苦的再教育的开始 Paragraph4QuestionsIsiteasytoeliminatetheprejudiceagainstwomen Why Whatisthemeaningofbeing brainwashed Whatisthetoneofthewriterwhensheismentioningtheattitudesofwomentowardstheirstatus 2 ExpressionsBrainwash Paragraph5QuestionsWhatisthemainideaofthisparagraph Andwhatisitintendedfor Whatismeaningofthepartbetweenthetwodashes Whichistoneofthewriterinfusedinthethisparagraph 2 ExpressionsReapInvariablyLot 3 SentencesForallbutthelastsix Ihavedonethework allthetediousdetailsthatmakethedifferencebetweenvictoryanddefeatonelectionday whilemenreapedtherewards whichisalmostinvariablythelotofwomeninpolitics Forallthepastyearsexceptthelastsix Ihavedonethework alltheboringroutinejobsthatcandeterminethefinaloutcomeofanelection whilemenharvested enjoyedthevictories whichisalmostthedoomforeverywomaninpolitics 除了最后的六年以外 干活的是我 所有那些能在选举之日决定成败的乏味的琐碎之事 然而得到好处的是男人 这几乎是政界女性不变的命运 Paragraph6QuestionsWhatdoes thiswork referto Whatisthebestthosewomenvolunteersinpoliticscanhopefor Whydothosewomengetthepositions Howcan separate but equalposition beunderstood Whatcanawomenenjoywhenshegetsthejob Whatisawomensupposedtododuringthosenationalmeetingsandconventions Whatdoesthewritermean 2 ExpressionsVolunteerHopeforVote 3 SentencesThebestanyofthemcanhopeforisthehonorofbeingdistrictorcountyvice chairman akindofseparate butequalpositionwithwhichawomanisrewardedforyearsoffaithfulenvelopstuffingandcard organizing 她们能指望得到的最好的结果就是有幸成为区或者县的副主席 一种分开但是平等的职位 是给女性多年忠实地装信封 组织牌局的回报 Paragraph7QuestionsWhatroledidthewritertrytobreakoutof Howdidshetrytomakeabreak out Whatdidthewriterencounter Wheredidtheresistancecomefrom Whywasthewriterobjectedto Whatisthisparagraphusedfor 2 ExpressionsBreakoutofRunforAssemblyUndisguisedhostility 3 SentencesFromthestartofthatcampaign Ifacedundisguisedhostilitybecauseofmysex Fromthestartofthecampaign Ifacedopenhostilitybecauseofmysex 从竞选活动一开始我便因为我的性别而面毫不掩饰的 公开的 敌意 Paragraph8QuestionsWhendidmysexbecomeamajorissue whatwastheattitudeofmyownpartymembersconcerningmyenrollmentintheelection 2 ExpressionsRunfor Paragraph9QuestionsWhatdidmyopponentdo Whydidthewritermentionablackopponent Whatisspecialaboutthosewomen Whydidthewritermentiontheiridentity WhydidFarmerlose 2 ExpressionsOpponentProjectMasculineTourDashikisPTA 3 SentencesMyopponent thefamouscivil rightsleaderJamesFarmer triedtoprojectablack masculineimage hetouredtheneighborhoodwithsoundtrucksfilledwithyoungmenwearingAfrohaircuts dashikis andbeards Myrival thefamouscivil rightsleaderJamesFarmer triedtoestablishtheimpressionofastrongblackmaleinthemindsofthevoters hevisitedtheneighborhoodwithbroadcastingtrucksfilledwithyoungmenwearingAfrohaircuts dashikis andbeards 我的对手 著名的黑人民权运动领袖詹姆士 法墨企图表现出一个具有男子气概的黑人形象 他坐着广播车 车上满载着留着非洲发型 穿着颜色花哨的非洲式宽袍和蓄着胡子的年轻人 在附近地区巡回 Paragraph10QuestionsWhatisthefrequentquestionforafemalegraduatewhenshelooksforajob Whydoemployersalwaysaskthequestion Whataretheusualjobsforwomen Fromthelistofposts whichareconsideredmoresuperior Whatarethestereotypesforwomen Whoarethecontenteddarky 2 ExpressionsStartdoingLookforLiebehindThinkofsb sthas Darky Paragraph11 12QuestionsWhatisthisparagraphabout Whatdoes do meanin nonedoatpresent Whatismeaningof tokenism inthefirstsentence Whatisadead endjob Whatkindofwritingstrategyisusedinthisparagraph Canyougiveexamples Whatdoes that inparagraph12referto 2 ExpressionsTokenismCabinetAmbassadorialPredominateMenialUnrewardingDead end 3 SentencesWomenhavenotevenreachedtheleveloftokenismthatblacksarereachingWomenhavenotevenachievedtheminimal symbolicequalitybeingachievedbytheblackpeople 妇女甚至还未达到黑人正在达到的象征性的平等的水平 Paragraph13QuestionsWhatisthisparagraphabout Whydidthepoliticalleaderwanttogiveupbuildingthegirlup 2 ExpressionsPromisingBuildsbupDropout of Runsbfor aposition 3 SentencesWhyinvesttimeandefforttobuildthegirlup Whyshouldwewasteourtimeandenergytohelpthegirlgaininfluenceandreputation 为什么要投入时间和精力去树立这个女孩的威望 Youknowshe llonlydropoutofthegametohaveacoupleofkidsjustaboutthesametimewe rereadytorunherformayor Youknowshewillquitthisgameofpoliticstohaveseveralchildrenjustwhenwehavepreparedherwellenoughtorunformayor 你明明知道她只会在正当我们准备好让她来竞选市长的时候退出角逐去生上几个孩子 Paragraph14and15Questionswhatdo similarthings referto Whatdoesthewritermeanbysayingthat assoonasIamconvincedthatthiscountrynolongerneedsawoman scontribution Whatisthewriter sattitudetowardsteaching Whatisthefunctionofparagraph15 Whatkindoffigureofspeechisusedinparagraph15 2 ExpressionsConvinceHardwareEnforceEvade Paragraph16and17QuestionsWhydoesthewriterstronglybelievethatmorewomenareneededinpolitics Whatdoesthewriterhopetoachievewithherownexample Howcanweunderstand havehadtodevelopbecauseofoursuppressionbymen Whatdoeweknowaboutpoliticsfromthewriter saccount Howdoesthewriterendthisarticle Howdoyouthinkofthisending 2 ExpressionsEmpathySuppressionMoldMoral 3 SentencesThewomenofanationmolditsmorals itsreligion anditspoliticsbythelivestheylive Thewomenofanationshapeitsmoral religiousandpoliticalstandardsbythewaytheyactineverydaylife 通过她们在日常生活中的所作所为 一个国家的妇女塑造了这个国家的道德 宗教和政治标准 IV Summary SummarizethemainideaInthisarticle thewritermentionstwomajorsocialissuesintheAmericansociety namely racialdiscriminationandsexualdiscrimination andespeciallylaysemphasisonthelatter ThewriterthinksthatwomenintheAmericansocietyaremuchmorebrainwashedandcontentwiththeirstereotypedrolesassecond classcitizensthanblackseverwere Hence thewriterdedicatesthisarticletoraisethepublic sawarenessofsexualdiscriminationandalsoenco