专题1定语从句和名词性从句.doc

专题一 定语从句和名词性从句 一，各从句概念及特点简析：名称定义特点定语从句修饰限定名词或代词的从句跟在名词或代词之后名词性从句主从主句中作主语的从句引导词在句首或前有it 从句在后表从主句中作表语的从句跟在系动词词之后宾从主句中作宾语的从句跟在动词或介词之后同位语从句主句中作同位语的从句跟在抽象名词之后说明其内容二，各从句引导词对比简析：从句成分不完整（引导词主要作主语宾语） 从句成分完整（引导词作状语）定语从句指人：that, who, whom.指物：that, which.表所属关系： whose（作定语）as：主要在非限中指代整个主句。指地点及抽像化地点where指时间：when指原因：why介词 + which / whom名词/代词+of+which/whom名词性从句指事物：what, which指 人：who, whom表所属关系：whosethat, （无词义）if / whether (是否), as if (好像，引导表语从句) when, where, how, why.区别1、that在定从中作成份，在名从中不作成份，且不翻译。2、what, how只用于名从；as只用于定从。3、在名从中，whether和if同时出现时，首选whether。4、which在名从中译为“哪一（个）”。5、在名从中，“wh”词加“ever”意思变为“无论 ”。三，定名从解题两步法：1）判断从句成分是否完整，排除一部分选项。 2）定语从句看先行词做最终选择，名词性从句看题意做最终选择。四，注意特殊问题。 1），定语从句中that的两用两不用原则：两用：1）先行词是最高级，序数词，不定代词或有人有物时；2）先行词被以上词或the only/the very/the last修饰时；两不用：1）在非限制性定语从句中不用that；2）关系词置于介词之后不用that； 2），在定语从句中，当that/which/who/whom做从句宾语的时候，可省略。在宾语从句中，that可省略。其他情况下，只要是从句必须要有引导词。 3），定从中用“介词+which/whom”引导从句时，介词根据先行词和从句之间搭配来确定。如：He is the boy with whom I played yesterday.(搭配：I played with the boy yesterday.) 4)，定语从句中先行词是the way 且从句完整时，引导词有that/in which/省略。 5），定语从句中where/when/why可以用“介词+which/whom”代替。 如：this is the room where I lived=This is the room in which I lived.=This si the room that/which/省略 I lived in.6) ，定语从句和同位语从句的区别： （1）定语从句可以修饰任何名词或代词，而同位语从句只能跟在抽象名词之后。常用抽象名词有：fact, feeling, idea, news, hope, belief, thought, truth, doubt, suggestion, warning, reason, question, possibility，decision，promise等。（2）定语从句是对先行词的修饰限定。而同位语从句只是对抽象名词的内容进行补充说明。如：This is the news that he is a robber.(同位语从句)。This is the news that he told me.(定语从句)。7） ，名词性从句中whether和if的区别。 （1）whether在名从中通用，无限制。 （2）if只用于宾语从句中。（但当宾语从句跟在介词或discuss之后、从句中有or not或 者与to do连用，也只能用whether。）(3) whether.or.可引导让步状语从句，if可表“如果”，引导条件状语从句。8） doubt后的从句：在肯定句中，用if/whether。否定句中用that。疑问句中用that。9） 疑问词+ever：(无论.可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句)，no matter+疑问词：（无 论.，只能引导让步状语从句。）10）名词性从句中的特定句型 1）主语从句：用it 作形式主语的句型A,It + be + adj./n. +主语从句 It is natural / important / necessary / surprising / strange / funny + that 引导的主语从句，从句的谓语动词可以用 (should) + do / be done 的形式B, It + be +announced/believed/expected/hoped/decided/reported/said/shown +主语从句It is requested that Miss Wang (should) give a speech at the meeting.C,It (so) + happened +主语从句It happened that I was out that day.D, It + matters /mattered (much/little) +主语从句It matters much whether you are determined or not if you want to succeed.E,It + doesnt/didnt matter +主语从句It doesnt matter whether we have money or not.F,It + seems/seemed (to sb) + adj./n. + 主语从句It seems to me quite strange that he should be so rude to his classmates.G, It + depends +主语从句It depends whether we can do it with fewer workers and less money.H, It is no wonder + that主语从句It is no wonder that he got high marks in the exam.R,It makes no / little / great difference +主语从句It made great difference whether he would come to my birthday party or not.2）宾语从句：用it 作形式宾语的句型J, make/ find/ feel / think / consider / believe / suppose +it + adj. / n. +宾语从句I think it wrong that the young dont respect the old. K, 主语 + hate /dislike/ depend on + it +宾语从句I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.L take it for granted that. I will appreciate it if you. When it coms to.3）表语从句：M,It looks/looked as if-clauseIt looks as if / as though someone were running after her now.N,It seems/seemed that-clauseIt seems that he is very disappointed.O,It appears/appeared as if/that-clauseIt appeared that he could do everything possible to help the poor.4) 同位语从句： P, have no idea +同位语从句 Sorry, I really have no idea where she lives. Q, have an idea + that引导同位语从句 I have an idea that she wont leave me whatever happens. R, there is no need/ no doubt + that引导同位语从句 There is no need that you worry about his safety, you see, he is a big boy now. There is no doubt that he is devoted to you. S, Word came +that引导同位语从句 Word came that the playground in our school would be replaced by a gym. T，the story goes that.（一）单项选择：1.（咸阳市启迪中学2012第二次月考12）I always dream of living in a world there is no trouble.AwhoBwhereCin thatDWhich2.（咸阳市启迪中学2012第二次月考19）Actually, girls can be they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, a soldier or an official.AwhereverBhoweverCwhateverDWhoever3.（西安中学高2012届第三次月考14）. -Are you still thinking about todays football game ? - Oh, thats _. A. when I feel excited B. what makes me feel excited C. how I feel excited about it D. whatever I feel excited about4.（西安中学高2012届第三次月考20）. He said he could solve the problem, _ I found impossible. A. but B. while C. which D. what5.(西安音乐学院附中2012届高三月考17). I have reached a point in my life _ I should make decisions of my own.A. which B. where C. how D. Why6.(铁一中2011届高三二模16.) Can you tell me _? An engineer from Jinan Iron and Steel Plants. A. what your friend is B. who your friend is C. what is your friend D. who is your friend 7.(铁一中2011届高三二模19）. I rang you at about ten oclock, but there was no reply. Oh, that was probably _ I was seeing the doctor. A. when B. why C. what D. that 8.(西安市五校联考2012届20). As we all know, every minute _ full use of _ our lessons will do good to our students A. which makes; studying B. that is made; to study C. when is made; to study D. that is made; studying9.(西安市五校联考2012届25). It was not until Mum agreed to take her to KFC, _was her favorite, _the spoiled girl stopped crying. A. that; that B. which; which C. that; which D. which; that10.（2010西工大一模17). He is _ is known as a hacker - he likes to show off on the Internet and attack websites.A. who B. what C. that D. which11.（2011西工大附中第十二次训练20). Everyone has periods in their lives _ everything seems very hard. A. whereB. When C. Which D. that 12.(铁一中2012届高三第二次模14 )_ he told us is the news _ China has got 32 gold medals in the Athens Olympic Games, _, of course, made us feel very excited.A. What; which; which B. That; that; whichC. What; that; which D. That; that; what13.（西安市华清中学2012届第一次月考15). The policeman asked me _ and _. A. What was the matter; what was my name B. What was the matter; what my name was C. what the matter was; what was my name D. what the matter was; what my name was14.（西安市华清中学2012届第一次月考20). Is this the factory _ my father worked last year? A. which B. that C. where D. the one 15.（西安市华清中学2012届第一次月考21). The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disease _ has caused many deaths. A. who B. which C. whom D. what 16.(西安市八校联考) As to the unemployment, the government has taken a series of measures in many cases, _, I am sure, will benefit the people out of work. A. which B. that C. what D. where17. (渭南市瑞泉中学) _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. That C. As D. Which18. (西安市五校联考) He is a strict but kind teacher, _, in my opinion, my son loves and respects. A. one B. he C. which D. that19.（西安市八十三中2012高三二模17). The way _ he worked out the problem isnt the way _ I told him. A. /; / B. which; which C. /; whatD. that; what20.（西安市八十三中2012高三二模32). I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.A. that B. when C. where D. Why21.（西安八校2012高三联考14)When people talk about splendid cities in China, probably the first_comes into their winds is ChanganAone Bthat Ccity Dwhich22.（西安八校2012高三联考22)A free ticket to 2011 Xian Horticultural Expo will be given to _ wins the first prize in the English contextAthose who Bno matter who Cwho Dwhoever23.（西安市2012高三第一次检测11)There was a tree in front of the house, owner was seen sitting under it, enjoying the shade.AwhereBwhoseCwhichDthat24.（西安市2012高三第一次检测15)The reason for Toms failure in the exam was he didnt work hard.AwhyBbecauseCwhetherDThat25.(陕西大荔城郊中学2012届二模25)Ill take seriously _ advice you put forward.A. whatever B. however C. whichever D. whenever26.（陕西澄城县寺前中学2012高三下14)It seemed to me that she was in doubt _Timmy lived or died. A. why B. how C. that D. whether27.（陕西澄城县寺前中学2012高三下23). My brother has been admitted into a key university, ,I think, he has been dreaming of for years.A. not more B. no more C. much more D. not muchA.28.(宝鸡中学2012届高三第四次月考22）There came a point in his life _ he had to think seriously about his futureAwhat Bthat Cwhen Dwhich29.（长安一中2012第四次检测22)Are you still thinking about todays football game ?Oh, thats_Awhen I feel excited Bwhat makes me feel excitedChow I feel excited about it Dwhatever I feel excited about30.（长安一中2012第四次检测24)A free ticket to 2011 Xian Horticultural Expo will be given to wins the first prize in the English context.Athose whoBno matter whoCwhoDwhoever31.（长安一中 2013届高三二次检测22). Lets go out for dinner tonight. OK. It doesnt matter to me we eat.A. whether B. where C. why D. when32.(长安一中2012高三十二模拟20)To be honest, I dont want to get a job _ Im chained to a desk all dayIt will bore me to deathAthat Bwhat Cwhere Dwhich33.(长安一中2012高三十二模拟22）I havent settled the question of _ Ill go back home during the coming May DayAwhat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhether34.(宝鸡中学2012届高三第四次月考17）Professor Tang didnt give us a speech todayIt was he had a traffic accident on the way to schoolAthat Bwhen Cwhy Dbecause钟楼提供35.(89中) Yesterday we went to visit the farm _ my father used to work for nearly ten years.A. in which B. that C. where D. which36. (89中) Every time _ they met, they would talk several hours together about the persons and things _ they remembered in the middle school. A. that; who and which B. when; which C. /; that D. which; /37. (西安市三模)This is the small house less than 20 square meters, under _ roof lives a family of four. A. which B. whose C. its D. that 38. (西安市一模)There was a tree in front of the house, _ owner was seen under it, enjoying the shade. A. where B. whose C. which D. that 39. (西安市二模) Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as40. (西安中学三模)After a graduation Id like to find a job _ I can use what I have learnt at school. A. whose B. which C. where D. that 41. (宝鸡市三模) Cancer is a disease _ causes are still not clearly known. A. whose B. which C. that D. who（二）定语从句和名词性从句改错练习：IV. 改错1,Which we all know, swimming is a very good sport.2,The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.3,He paid the boy $10 for washing 10 windows, most of them hadnt been cleaned for many years. 4,.Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who is working in China. 5. .I have bought the same dress which she is wearing. 6. The reason why I was away from school is because I was ill yesterday. 7. .It was a meeting that importance I didnt realize at that time8, That well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.9, If you come or not is up to you.10,Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.11,We thought strange that Tom did not come yesterday.12,Whom is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.13,Its uncertain that the experiment is worth doing.14,The child is always lying, so none of us will believe no matter what he says.15,The government will build a park in where we knew was a factory.16,He is so diligent boy and there is no wonder that he got the first place in the speech contest.17,It is no chance that their team will win the match.18,The fact which the fields will be flooded is worrying the formers.19,Those have finished their homework may leave the classroom now.20,This is the very book which I want to read. 21,This is the third fi