第三节-减译法.doc

第三节 减译法 和其他一切事物一样，翻译也是有增必有减。懂了增译法之后自然也就会懂得什么是减译法。它是增译法的反面：以同一个译例来说，在英译汉中如果用增译法的话，在汉译英中自然就要用减译法了。把第二节中的31个例子倒译的话(即把汉译英改为英译汉或把英译汉变为汉译英)，所用的译法就不是增译法而是减译法了。关于减译法，应该记住这样一条总原则：减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的；换言之，减译法是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词，但减译并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。此外，冠词、连词、代词(尤其是人称代词、关系代词)、关系副词，等等，在英语中经常使用，但译成汉语时几乎很少出现，要使译文忠实而地道，减译法就自然必不可少了。例如：1A book is useful 书(是)有用(的)。2The earth goes around the sun 地球绕太阳转。3On Sundays we have no schoo1 礼拜天我们不上学。4MrBingley was good-looking and gentleman-like 宾利先生风度翩翩，彬彬有礼。5A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue 聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。6If you write to him，the response would be absolute silence and void 你写信给他，总是石沉大海。7Sunday is the day when I am least busy 星期天我最不忙。8Could you help me in any way? 你能帮帮我吗?9Winter is the best time to study the growth of treesAlthough the leaves are gone and the branches are bare，the trees themselves are beautiful 冬天是研究树木生长的最好的季节，虽则树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却是美丽的。冬天是研究树木生长的最好的季节，虽则树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身很美丽。10He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders 他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸双肩。11Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist 不承认这个事实，就不是唯物主义者。12These developing countries cover vast territories，encompass a large population and abound in natural resources 这些发展中国家，土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。(或：这些发展中国家地大物博，人口众多。)13我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems14要推迟战争的爆发，就要反对那样的绥靖政策，不管是军事的、政治的、经济的绥靖，都要反对。 To delay the outbreak of war，it is necessary(or essential)to oppose the policy of appeasement like that，militarily，politically and economically15Everywhere you can find new types of men and objects in New China 新中国处处可以看到新人、新事物。16他们为国家做的事，比我们所做的多得多。 They have done much more for the state than we have17郭沫若同志曾说：“中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。” Comrade Guo Moruo once said：“The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things，to make inventions and to make revolution”18质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子既不带阳电，也不带阴电。 A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge，but a neutron has neither19When it is dark in the east，it is light in the west；when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north 东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。20It is not entirely right to say that if there is food，let everyone share it. 说有饭大家吃并不完全正确。21Eight oclock found Franz up and dressed 八点钟，弗兰兹起床穿衣。22It is the US that is distorting and perverting the “Geneva spirit” 是美国在歪曲颠倒“日内瓦精神”。23If you give him an inch，h