如何写英语作文中的主题句.ppt

主题句 Sometopicsentences Inoursociety foodisoftenconnectedwithrecreation Sleepmaywellbethethirdessentialcomponentofalongandhealthylife Itisthecottage morehomelythantheinn moresacredthanthechurch thatwerememberbest Thereisabigdifferencebetween beingawriter andwriting Therealityisthatwritingisalonely privateandpoor payingaffair Topic controllingidea 主题 主题思想 主题 该段落所谈论的问题是什么 主题思想 作者对这一问题所持的具体观点主题句应该向读者明示该段所涉及的内容 使读者对阅读内容有一个明确的期待 Topicsentences Englishwritingisverydifficult EnglishwritingiscomparativelymoredifficultthanotherlanguageskillsforaChinesestudent Theword red meansverydifferentlyinEnglishandChinese ThewordsreferringtocolorsmeanverydifferentlyinEnglishandChinese 太笼统 太具体 ManystudentsbegintowriteEnglishjournals ManystudentsfinditveryhelpfultowriteEnglishjournals Somecollegestudentswon tchoosetogobackhomeinsummer Somecollegestudentswon tchoosetogobackhomeinsummerforvariousreasons 只是具体事实 没有陈述观点 一 好的主题句是段落内容协调一致 SanFranciscoisacityofbeautifulparksandpublicbuildings GoldenGatePark withitsspaciouslawnsandgracefulponds enjoysinternationalfame Thecity sbohemiansectionbecamethenationalheadquartersforjazz agepoetryandphilosophy EverytouristmustvisitFisherman sWharfandCoitTower Thecityisfamedforitsculturaleventsandconventions TouristsandconventionmanagersareirresistiblyattractedtoSanFrancisco Milesofvariedwaterfront spaciousparks andimpressivepublicbuildingscontributetothecity suniqueappearanceandcosmopolitanatmosphere Fisherman sWharf withitsseafoodsmellsandcolorfulshops attractssightseeingcrowds CoitToweraffordsaspectacularviewofbayandcity GoldenGatePark withitsspaciouslawnsandgracefulponds enjoysinternationalfame 二 好的主题句能够为段落 掌舵 使读者能较容易地理解下文的展开方向 1 Thedormitoryremindsmeofathird classhotel Eachroomhasthesamesetofunimaginativefurnishings thesamepaleredchestofdrawers thesamelightbrowndesks 2 Thedormitoryremindsmeofabigofficebuilding Peoplewhohalfknoweachotherpassinthehallwithimpersonalfriendliness 3 Thedormitoryremindsmeofaprison Thestudyroomisenclosedbywindowswithlinesonthem givingthestudentapenned infeeling 三 好的主题句可以逐段深化对全文主题的诠释 Smile You reonCameraTelevisioncontinuestochangethelookofpoliticalconventions Whilemanyofthechangesmaybeforthebest thereissomethingsyntheticaboutthisnewkindofconvention Nevertheless televisioncoverageofconventionsmanagestogetacrosstousagreatdealaboutthewayourpoliticalsystemworks 主题句与支持句的关系 1 主题句统率支持句 支持句是明确主题句要旨的具体材料2 主题句靠支持句来阐明 支持句不能超出主题句所涉及的范围3 各段落的主题句相互合作 逐层推进 围绕全文主题展开 Thinkofagoodtopicsentenceforthissetofdetails PenguinMomslaytheeggsandafterwardsleavetogetfoodfor2months Penguindadsincubatetheegguntilithatches Theytaketurnscaringfortheirchickandfeedinginthesea Oncetheegghatches Theyoungstayshelteredinthepouchofthemotherwhilethefatherbringsfood Whataresomedetailsyouwouldexpecttoseeinthisparagraph TopicSentence Eversincehumanshavelivedontheearth municationformssuchas oralspeech signlanguage bodylanguageandotherformsofnonlinguisticlanguage Effectivebeginningofasentence Comparethenexttwosentences Theexhaustedteacherslumpedintothechairassoonassheopenedherroom Exhausted theteacherslumpedintothechairassoonassheopenedherroom IfindI vehadlesscommunicationwithmymothersinceIenteredtheuniversity IwasbusywithmyTEM 4exercisesallthetimewhenitcametospring sotherehadnotenoughtimeformetotalkwithmyparents MymotherusuallykepttellingmesomethinghappenedinthepastweekwheneverIwasbackhomeonweeknends Iwantedtobreakthiskindofembarrassedatmosphere therefore Idecidedtogoshoppingwithher Ibelievethatshoppingisagoodwaytoimproveourrelationship 1 以从句开头 WhileIbelievethestudyofFrenchcanbebeneficial Idonotfeelitshouldbetaughttothird gradersattheexpenseofreadinginstruction Ifmysonistolearnanotherlanguage Ipreferthathechoosestheonehewishestostudy 2 以 ly形式的副词开头 Excitedly GregtoldmeofhisopportunitytotakeFrench Patientlybutfirmly ItoldGregIdidnotwanthimetotakeFrench Slowly Greg steacherexplainedwhyGregshouldtakeFrench 3 以V ing开头 Whiningandcrying GreglefttheroomconvincedthatIwasacruelmother Understandinghisdisappointment IfinallyagreedtotheFrenchinstruction 4 以V ed 过去分词 开头 Strickenwithgrief GregcriedforanhourbecausehecouldnottakeFrench Frustratedanddefeated IfinallyallowedGregtotaketheFrenchclass 5 以 Todo 开头 Tounderstandmyreaction youmustrealizethatIvaluereadingaboveallotherschoolsubjects Tobeeffective aforeignlanguagecurriculumshouldofferstudentsachoiceoflanguagestostudy 6 以PP 介词短语 开头 Foranumberofreasons IopposeFrenchinstructionatthethird gradelevel Bymystandards readingismoreimportantthanFrenchforthird graders 7 变换衔接词在句中的位置 Hewassodisappointed infact thatIfeltcompelledtogivein Thisdoesnotmeanmybeliefhaschanged however 8 使用并列复合句 加大句子容量 GregisdelightedtobelearningFrench butIamannoyedaboutit Third gradersarenotreadyforaforeignlanguage andIdoubttheywillprofitmuchfromit Theoptimizingofasentence 一 将句子重组 从而精简其内容和形式 1 句子间衔接松散 从句结构Someexpertsfavorasix yeartermofoffice Theysaythatreelectioncausestoomanypressures Long termproblemsgetneglected Theseproblemsarebothdomesticandforeign Someexperts maintainingthatbothdomesticandforeignproblemsgetneglectedintherushforreelection favorasix yeartermofoffice 一 将句子重组 从而精简其内容和形式 2 句子间密切关联 副词短语Itisnowillegalforindividualbusinessfirmstoconspiretosetprices Inthesameway thelaborofdifferentcompaniesshouldnotbeallowedtoworktogethertosetwages Justasindividualbusinessfirmscannotconspiretosetprices laborofdifferentcompaniesshouldnotbeallowedtoworktogethertosetwages 一 将句子重组 从而精简其内容和形式 3 利用插入语或同位结构Traditionally societyhastreatedalcoholicsasoutcasts Nowmorepeoplerealizethatalcoholismisadisease Thisdiseaseisoftenmadeworsebysocialpatterns Traditionally societyhastreatedalcoholicsasoutcasts buttodaymorepeoplerealizethattheyarevictimsofadisease oneoftenmadeworsebysocialpatterns 二 恰当使用标点符号 ThegreatinterestinprofessionalfootballhasinspiredseveralfootballnovelsamongthemareNorthDallasFortyandSemi Tough Thegreatinterestinprofessionalfootballhasinspiredseveralfootballnovels AmongthemareNorthDallasFortyandSemi Tough Thegreatinterestinprofessionalfootballhasinspiredseveralfootballnovels amongwhichareNorthDallasFortyandSemi Tough 三 动词的选择 尽量使用行为动词取代非行为动词以增强句子活力Actionlessverb tobe is are were have hasbeen hadbeen Itwasclearthatthesopranowasnolongerincontrolofthehighnotesthathadbeenasourceofworrytoherforyears Clearly thesopranohadlostcontrolofthehighnotesthathadbeenworryingherforyears Thereisarealneedforfree tax supporteddoctorsandhospitalsintheUnitedStates Currentlythereisamovementtowardsuchaprogram ItiscalledHMOorHealthMaintenanceOrganizations ManyAmericansbadlyneedfree tax supporteddoctorsandhospitals ThenewHMOorHealthMaintenanceOrganizationprogramwouldfillthisneed 四 去除句子中的无用累赘 TherearemanyfarmersintheareawhoareplanningtoattendthemeetingwhichisscheduledfornextFriday ManyfarmersintheareaplantoattendthemeetingscheduledfornextFriday Achildofpreschoolageoftenshowsadesiretoread butthechild sparentsoftenignorethisdesire Achildofpreschoolageoftenshowsadesiretoread whichhisparentsignore 五 将无人称句改为有人称句 使句意更明显 Whenteaching oneshouldbepatient Teachersshouldbepatient 六 包括多个从句的复杂句 1 避免使用that if if because which when等 从句套从句 式的结构Ithinkthatiftherewerelessemphasisonconformityinhighschool collegestudentswouldbebetterpreparedforindependentthinking Inmyopinion collegestudentswouldbebetterpreparedforindependentthinkingiftherewerelessemphasisonconformityinhighschool 六 包括多个从句的复杂句 2 合并意义相近的从句 避免 喧宾夺主 Whenachildisconstantlywatchedwhenheisbornandwhileheisababy thereasonisthathismotherwantstoseewhetherheisdevelopingasherbookssayheshould Somemothersconstantlywatchyoungchildrentoseewhethertheyaredevelopingasthebookssaytheyshould 六 包括多个从句的复杂句 3 避免 从句 主句 从句 结构导致的从句间意义相互限定Becausemanyteenagersmarryhastily theirmarriagesendindivorce becausetheyaretooimmaturetofaceadultresponsibilities Manyteenagersaretooimmaturetofaceadultresponsibilities Theymarryhastily andtheirmarriagesoftenendindivorce 七 避免使用多个介词短语 Alotofjournalistsofdifferentpointsofviewwerethere Manyjournalistsholdingdifferentpointsofviewwerethere 八 避免句子主 从成分相互纠缠 缩短主句 重新排序ItiswhatsherecalledfromchildhoodaboutthebegoniagardensthatwerecultivatedinCapitolathatdrewhertoreturentothatpartofthecoastlineonesummerafteranother Summeraftersummer drawnbyherchildhood