小学英语常见形容词及比较级、最高级变化一览表.doc

小学英语常见形容词及比较级、最高级变化一览表 1. 在形容词词尾加上 “er” “est” 构成比较级、最高级： bright（明亮的）brighterbrightest broad（广阔的）broaderbroadest cheap（便宜的）cheapercheapest clean（干净的）cleanercleanest clever（聪明的）cleverercleverest cold（寒冷的）coldercoldest cool（凉的）coolercoolest dark（黑暗的）darkerdarkest dear（贵的）dearerdearest deep（深的）deeperdeepest fast（迅速的）fasterfastest few（少的）fewerfewest great（伟大的）greatergreatest hard（困难的，硬的）harderhardest high（高的）higherhighest kind（善良的）kinderkindest light（轻的）lighterlightest long（长的）longerlongest loud（响亮的）louderloudest low（低的）lowerlowest near（近的）nearernearest new（新的）newernewest poor（穷的）poorerpoorest quick（快的）quickerquickest quiet（安静的）quieterquietest rich（富裕的）richerrichest short（短的）shortershortest slow（慢的）slowerslowest small（小的）smallersmallest smart（聪明的）smartersmartest soft（柔软的）softersoftest strong（强壮的）strongerstrongest sweet（甜的）sweetersweetest tall（高的）-taller-tallest thick（厚的）thickerthickest warm（温暖的）warmerwarmest weak（弱的）weakerweakest young（年轻的）youngeryoungest 2.双写最后一个字母，再加上 “er” “est” 构成比较级、最高级： big（大的）biggerbiggest fat（胖的）fatterfattest hot（热的）hotterhottest red（红的）redderreddest sad（伤心的）saddersaddest thin（瘦的）thinnerthinnest wet（湿的）wetterwettest mad（疯的）maddermaddest 3.以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，加上 “r” “st” 构成比较级、最高级： able（能干的）ablerablest brave（勇敢的）braverbravest close（接近的）closerclosest fine（好的，完美的）finerfinest large（巨大的）largerlargest late（迟的）laterlatest nice（好的）nicernicest ripe（成熟的）riperripest rude（粗鲁的）ruderrudest safe（安全的）safersafest strange（奇怪的）strangerstrangest wide（宽广的）widerwidest wise（睿智的，聪明的）wiserwisest white（白的）whiterwhitest 4.以字母y结尾的形容词，把y改为i，再加上 “er” “est” 构成比较级、最高级： busy（忙碌的）busierbusiest dirty（脏的）dirtierdirtiest dry（干燥的）drierdriest early（早的）earlierearliest easy（容易的）easiereasiest friendly（友好的）friendlierfriendliest funny（好玩的）funnierfunniest happy（开心的）happierhappiest healthy（健康的）healthierhealthiest heavy（重的）heavierheaviest hungry（饿的）hungrierhungriest lazy（懒惰的）lazierlaziest lucky（幸运的）luckierluckiest naughty（调皮的）naughtiernaughtiest noisy（嘈杂的）noisiernoisiest pretty（美丽的）prettierprettiest silly（傻的）silliersilliest spicy（辣的）spicierspiciest thirsty（渴的）thirstierthirstiest ugly（丑的）uglierugliest 5.双音节、多音节形容词，在单词前面加上 “more” “most” 构成比较级、最高级： afraid（害怕的）more afraidmost afraid beautiful（美丽的）more beautifulmost beautiful careful（仔细的）more carefulmost careful cheerful（开心的）more cheerfulmost cheerful crowded（拥挤的）more crowdedmost crowded dangerous（危险的）more dangerousmost dangerous delicious（美味的）more deliciousmost delicious difficult（困难的）more difficultmost difficult exciting（令人兴奋的）more excitingmost exciting expensive（昂贵的）more expensivemost expensive famous（著名的）more famousmost famous frightened（受惊的）more frightenedmost frightened frightening（令人害怕的）more frighteningmost frightening hard-working（勤奋的）more hard-workingmost hard-working helpful（有帮助的）more helpfulmost helpful honest（诚实的）more honestmost honest important（重要的）more importantmost important interesting（有趣的）more interestingmost interesting polite（有礼貌的）more politemost polite terrible（可怕的）more terriblemost terrible tired（累的）more tiredmost tired 6.不规则变化的形容词： bad（坏的）worseworst far（远的）fartherfarthest (farfurtherfurthest) good（好的）betterbest ill（病的）worseworst little（少的）lessleast many（多的）moremost much（多的）moremost old（年老的）olderoldest ( oldeldereldest) well（好的，身体好的）betterbest1.一般在词尾直接加er或est,例如,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,例如,nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est,例如,heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est,例如,big-bigger-biggest5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级,例如,slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est；（1）单音节词如：smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortesttalltallertallest greatgreatergreatest（2）双音节词如：clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest2以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；如：bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatterfattest4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest5其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost differenteasilymore easilymost easily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.（2） 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示非常.It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.6有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.如：goodbetterbest wellbetterbestbadworseworst illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremost littlelessleastfar further/farther furthest/farthest二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更”.如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高.注意： 在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较.在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”.如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级.2“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越”如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽.The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大.Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的学校变得越来越美丽.3在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式.如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?4. “the +比较级, the+比较级”,表示“越越”.The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多,花得越多.The sooner,the better.越快越好.5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：. A is times the size /height/length/width of B.如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高). A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍). A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍.6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最”的意思.句子中有表示范围的词或短语.如：of the three, in our class等等.如：He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的.7.否定词语+比较级,否定词语+ so as结构表示最高级含义.Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.8. 比较级与最高级的转换：Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class7.修饰比较级和最高级的词1）可修饰比较级的词.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语. 以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面.注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内.(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost.This hat is nearly /