定语从句做题技巧.doc

定语从句讲解定语在句子中起修饰限定作用。定语的标志是“的”。因此英语中多用形容词作定语。如果一句话作定语就被称作定语从句。从句结构：先行词（多为名词或代词）+关系词+从句（陈述语序） 先行词即定语从句所修饰的词，多为名词，也可以是代词。也可以说定语从句是名词或者代词后的从句。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词 指人 who/ that (做主语，宾语，表语) whom （宾语，表语） whose （定语） 关系代词 指物 which/that (主，宾，表)， whose（定语）关系词 关系副词 指时间 when 指地点 where 指原因 why 作状语指物时关系代词which 和that 的区别一般情况下二者可以互换eg. I love this book which/that my brother bought for me.定语从句中关系词必须用that的情况： 1. 被修饰的先行词是不定代词all，much，something，everything，nothing，none，the one等时，（注意：表示人的不定代词即可用that也可用who/whom）。 如：Anyone who/that doesnt like this film must tell me. Do you have something that is very difficult to understand? All（that）I can do is to give him some hope. 2. 被修饰的先行词还有一些特定意义的修饰词，如：the only，the very，the right，any，every，no，all，much，many，little，few等， 如：The only thing（that）we know is that the universe is very big. Any bus that can go there is OK. This is just the/the very/the right book I am looking for. There are few cars that are driving slowly. Every car that has a high price is worth what it costs. 3句子中出现过which或who之类的词，为了避免重复，要用that。 如：Who is the man that is speaking? The factory which produces shoes that are very good has gone bankru.4关系代词在从句中作表语时，多用 that。如： She is not the girl that she was three years ago 5先行词被形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时，应用that。如： Tang Guoqiang has become one of the best actors that appear on Chinese screens 6. 先行词既有人又有物或time， 如：Can you tell me the people and events（that）you saw in Britain? The man and his dog that looked odd came to me quietly. Each time that he came here, he would like to talk with her. 7一个句子中有两个定语从句时，如第一个从句中已用who，第二个从句中宜用that。如： The man who is at table is his brother that has been serving in the army 8当先行词是to be的表语，或关系代词本身是从句的表语时，关系代词应用that。如： 1）Its a song that is very popular 2）My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be 9当主句以There be开头时，关系代词应用that。如： There is a seat in the corner that is still free 10当一个句子中含有两个定语从句时，如前一个已用关系代词which，后一个关系代词宜用that。如： Ill borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders 但两个定语从句的结构如果平行，一个定语从句中用关系代词that，另一个定语从句也应重复that。如： He told me to read a book that is very short，and that is very interesting 11与the same（指同一物）连用，构成the samethat结构时，关系代词只能用that。如： This is the same museum that you once visited 注意：the samethat结构中的that不能用as代替，因为the sameas与the samethat的含义不同。关系代词必须用which的情况：紧跟介词作宾语时，即介词+ whichThe building in which Han Mei studied was very old.此类解题技巧是：记住与which相关的用法即可。其他的均用that。 考点：关系词的选择定语从句解题技巧：1. 先看从句所缺句子成分。缺主，宾，表，定语，用关系代词。不缺主，宾，表，定 （即缺状语）用关系副词。注意：缺宾语时，可以将谓语动词与先行词连读，能搭配的即是缺宾语；反之缺状语。2. 再看先行词的指代。 缺关系代词时，看先行词指人还是指物。 缺关系副词时，看先行词指时间，地点还是原因。注意：why的先行词只有the reason.如： 1. This is the village _ I was born. 2. This is the village _ I visited last year. 3. I still remember the days_ we spent together. 4. I still remember the days_ we had a good time together.A. which/that B. when C. where D. what 解析：1. 选C 先看从句句子成分：从句为主系表结构，即不缺主，表，用关系副词。 先行词the village指地点，用where。 2. 选A 先看从句句子成分：句子主语为I，visit 是及物动词，后必须要有宾语。因此，此句缺宾语，用关系代词。 先行词the village