八年级unit7讲义与练习.doc

蒲 公 英 培 训 学 校 英 语 内 部 讲 义Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?【应掌握的词组】1. make a banana smoothie 制作香蕉混合饮料(思木西) 2. peel the bananas 剥香蕉 3. cut up the bananas切碎香蕉 4. pour the milk in the blender 将牛奶倒入搅拌器5. turn on the blender 打开搅拌器电源 6. put the yogurt in the blender将酸奶放入搅拌器7. turn off 关上,(turn on 打开) turn up旋大（灯火等），开大（煤气等）调高（声音等），turn down 把（灯火、电器等）关小一点 8. how much cinnamon多少肉桂 9. one teaspoon of cinnamon 一茶匙肉桂 10. make fruit salad 制作水果沙拉 11. two pieces of bread 两片面包12. mix it all up 将它们混合在一起 14. turkey slices 火鸡肉片, a slice of bread一片面包 13. takes turns doing sth, take turns to do sth.=do sth. in turns 轮流做某事 15. slices of duck 烤鸭片 16. roll pancake 卷上薄饼 17. make faces 作鬼脸make friends with 与交朋友make a noise吵闹, make mistakes犯错误, make the bed整理床铺 make ones way to往走去, make room for给腾出地方18. Its easy to do sth. 做某事容易Its hard (difficult) to do sth.做某事难，Its necessary to do sth.做某事必要 19. put sth, in order 将某些东西按顺序排列 20. a recipe for 的烹调方法, 的菜21 Do you like ? Would you like ? 你喜欢22 a bag of 一袋23 a box of 一盒24 a bowl of一碗25 a cup of 一杯26 a bottle of 一瓶27 let me think. 让我想想.【语言点】1. Pour，意为“倾倒；灌；浇”。例如：Please pour some wine into his cup.固定搭配J pourinto意为“把倒入中；把灌入中”。例如：Please pour the water into the bottle.J pourout意为“把倒出”。例如：Please pour the cold water out.J pour oil on the fire “火上浇油”Pour the milk into the blender.把牛奶倒入果汁机。翻译：请倒一杯茶。 要不要我给你倒一杯水？2. add “添加”固定搭配J addto “把加到上” Add these butter to the sandwich.J add up to “总计，达到” The expenses add up to 100 yuan.You can _ some sugar _ the water. A. add; / B. add; into C. add; to D. add up to; / 3. turn on 意思是“打开”，其反义短语是turn off 关闭。这两个短语中的on与 off 都是副词，接代词时，需放中间。eg： The girl turned on the light and began to do her homework. After she finished her homework，she turned it off and went to bed. 拓展链接由turn构成的短语有：J turn up调高 eg：Could you turn the TV up？ J turn down 把调低；关小 eg：Please turn the volume down. J turn on “打开” e.g: Its too hot, could you please turn on the air-conditioner.J turn off “关闭” e.g: Tom turned the light off when he went out.J 如果宾语是代词，必须放在中间且用宾格形式。宾语是名词时，放在中间或后面均可。即“名词放两边，代词放中间。”e.g: Turn on the TV= Turn the TV on.选词填空：1. Please the light before you go to bed.2. I cant hear the TV. Please it .3. Your father is sleeping. You should the TV.Its dark (暗的) in the room. Please _the light. A. turn on B. turn up C. turn down D. turn off 4. cut 固定搭配n cut up = cut into pieces “切碎，剪碎” n cut up into “把切成样” Eg: cut up the potato into pieces.n cut down “砍倒” e.g: The workers cut down many trees.-The banana is too big. -You can _ first. A. cut up them B. cut them up C. cut it up D. cut up it 5. How do you make a banana smoothie? 如何制作香蕉思木西？ How经常用来对事情的方法、方式、途径等进行提问。 How还可以表示“情形怎么样？”e.g: How is your mother? How was the weather yesterday?make & do： make意为“创造、生产、制作”，用原材料做某种东西 make后常接双宾语，即make sb. do sth. 或make sth for sb.Eg: make a model plane do意为“做，干”，指作具体的事情 do housework, do homework翻译：如何制作水果沙拉？ 他们是怎样制作爆米花的？ 工人们正在制造机器。 妈妈常给我们做蛋糕。 6. mix J mix up “混在一起”，将同类的事物混在一起 E.g: Mix up all the salad = Mix all the salad up. J mix into / to “把和混在一起”，指把两种不同类的事物混在一起 E.g: Mix an egg into the flour. J mix up with “把和混淆” E.g: Its easy to mix him up with his brother, they look the same.选词填空：1. all the salad.2. an egg the flavor.3. Its easy to him his brother, they are alike.7. Next, put some lettuce and the chicken slices on the bread.n put on 意为“穿上”n put sth. on sth. 意为“把放在上”n put away “把收起来” E.g: Are these your books? Please put them away. 8. super chicken sandwich super可以当一个前缀，放在名词前。 superman，superstar，supermarket，supermodel 一般名词作定语时在单复数上不受它所修饰的名词的影响，仍然用原形。 an apple tree-two apple trees 但是当表示性别的man, woman作定语时，在单复数形式上要和所修饰词的 单复数保持一致。 e.g: a man teacher-two men teachers a woman doctor-three women doctors 动物名词和与之相匹配的肉产品动物名词肉类名词动物名词肉类名词cowbeefchickenchickensheeplambduckduckpigporkfishfish 【语法讲解】1. Need:l 实义动词时，意为“需要”，有人称、数和人称的变化，后面可接名词、动名词或不定式。e.g: I need some help.我需要一些帮助。a) 主语为人时， 多与动词不定式连用。即 need to do sth.Eg: You need to wear more clothes in winter.b) 主语为物时， 常与动名词或动词不定式的被动语态连用。即 need doing= need to be done.Eg: The flower need watering. = The flower need to be flowered.l 情态动词时， 没有人称、数和人称的变化。意为“必须”，常用于疑问句和否定句中。neednt 用于以mustnt开头的疑问句的否定回答。Eg: Must he go now? No, he neednt.l 用need 提问是的答语：肯定用must, 否定用neednt.Eg: Need I come? No, you mustnt.翻译：他需要一枝钢笔。 我口渴了，我需要一杯茶。 你不必为他的学习担心。 我们没有必要做这件事。 那位老人需要帮助。 1. Must I stay at home, Mum? -No, you _. A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. may not2. Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? -Sorry, I cant. I _ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. A. can B. may C. would D. have to3. Must we hand in the papers now? -No, you _. A. cant B. may not C. mustnt D. neednt4. May I stop here? -No, you _. A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. wont5. You _ be more careful next time. A. have to B. may C. must D. might6. Its still early. You _.A. mustnt hurry B. wouldnt hurry C. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry7. Shall I tell John the bad news? -No, you _. I think that will make him sad. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt2. Lets do sth. 用来提出建议或征求对方的意见。若表示赞同，常用“Good idea! / Thats a good idea! / All right!”等。l lets 是let us的缩写，但是在反义疑问句中：n Lets 包括说话人和对方在内，反义疑问句为：shall we?Eg: Lets do you homework, shall we?n Let us 不包括对方在内，有请求允许的含义，反义疑问句为：will you?Eg: Let us go swimming, will you? -Lets make fruit salad. -_. A. No, Im not B. Thank you C. Thats all right D. Thats a good idea l 祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议等。谓语动词原形放在句首，没有主语。肯定祈使句：动词原形 + 其他否定祈使句：Dont + 动词原形 + 其他Dont turn on the blender.(改为肯定句)l 以Let 开头引起的祈使句在变否定时，可以通过两种途径：n 直接给祈使句前加Dontn 在句中动词原形前加not.E.g: Let us take some photos here!(变否定句) _ _ _ take photos here!Check your answers again. （改为否定句） _ _ your answers again. You can drink some tea. (改为祈使句) _some tea, _.3. a / an & one a / an 用在单数名词前，one用在任何单数名词前 a / an 作为冠词，强调事物的所属类别；one 强调数量。 One 可以做代词，复数形式为ones；a / an 不能选词填空：1. He is student. 2. I have pair of glasses.3. I want some larger cakes, not small .4. 可数名词和不可数名词1) 可数名词： 规则名词复数形式的构成：词形特点构成规则例词一般情况在词尾+ sdesk-desks, book-books以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词在词尾+ esclass-classes, match-matches以辅音字母 + y结尾的名词变y为i，+ escity-cities以辅音字母+ o 结尾的名词直接+ es (除zero, kilo外)potato-potatoes, photo-photos以元音字母+ o结尾的名词直接+ szoo-zoos, radio-radios以f或fe结尾的名词直接+ sroof-roofs将f或fe变为v，再加esleaf-leaves, wife-wives 不规则名词复数形式的构成：词形特点例词改变内部元音man-men, foot-feet, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth在词尾+enox-oxen, child-children单复同形a sheep-two sheep, a deer-two deer, a Chinese- two Chinese 在单数名词前用a / an ，可数名词复数可以用a few, many 修饰。可数名词的计数可以直接用数词表示。提问可数名词的量时，用how many. e.g: a banana , an apple. many girls, two hundred students. How many bananas do we need? 我们需要多少个香蕉？ 不可数名词：不能与a, an及基数词连用，需要表达不可数名词的量时，有以下两种方法：1. 用much, a little, little, a lot of, some 等修饰，表示量的多少e.g.: we have a lot of time. There is little orange in the bottle.2. 用容器的量来表示容量，为可数名词A piece of paper three teaspoons of sugar3. 提问不可数名词的量时，用how much.How much yogurt do we need? One cup4. 有些词既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。如：lots of = a lot of ; some; any.练习：翻译：桌子上有多少书？ 桌子上有多少杯茶？ 那只袋子里有多少大米？ 你有多少钱？ 1. The little baby has two _ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 2. The guide has _. She will show them to us. A. some old paper B. some special food C. a new jacket D. some beautiful pictures. 3. The _ are going to fly to Beijing. A. Germen B. Germany C. German D. Germans 4. -Id like to eat _ bread. -Here you are. A. many B. a C. a slice of D. two 5. They need one teaspoon of cinnamon. （对划线部分提问） _ _ cinnamon do they need?5. 同近义词辨析：a. cup & glasscup常带有把手，附带托盘，用于喝茶、咖啡。a cup of tea, a cup of coffeeglass 指用玻璃材质的杯子，用于喝水、喝酒。a glass of water, a glass of wine b. need & want 二者后都可以接名词，表示“需要，要” 二者后都可以接不定式to do sth. (want后可以跟双宾语：want sb to do sth) need还可用作情态动词，want不行。 c. turn on openturn on 多指打开水流，煤气以及家用电器。反义词为 turn offopen 常指把关着的门，窗，箱子，盒子等打开。反义词为close6. 交际用语-表示建议的句型：Let sb. do sth.Shall we do sth?Why not do sth?Youd better (not) do sth.Would you like to do sth?What about doing sth?How about doing sth?【课堂练习】I. 将下列名次归类Yogurt, teaspoon, watermelon, bowl, popcorn, sauce, relish, bread, milk, mustard, banana, sandwich, hamburger, cream, dessert, tomato, carrot可数名词： 不可数名词： II. 单元短语自查1.mill shake 2.切碎 3. mix up 4. a teaspoon of 5. turn on 6. 把加到上 7.把倒入 8. a slice of III 根据汉语意思完成句子：1. 刚才萨姆吃了两片面包。Sam ate just now.2. Do you like drinking (奶昔)？3. Its dark. Please (打开) the light. 4. My son often helps me (倒) the hot water (进入) the thermos.(暖水瓶)5. I often (切) apples into fourths(四瓣).6. The girl got to her home (最后)7. Did you ever eat (爆米花) 。8. Please put the noodles in the (碗)IV 句型转换：1. My brother needs two oranges. (就划线部分提问) oranges your brother ? 2. They need two cups of yogurt. (就划线部分提问) yogurt they need?3. Pour the milk into the blender. (改为否定句) pour the milk into the blender.4. Do you like butter? (作否定回答) , 5. She needs a slice of bread. (对划线部分提问) bread she need?6. Does he like tomatoes? (作肯定回答) , 7. You can drink some tea. (改为祈使句) _some tea, _. 8. They need one teaspoon of cinnamon. （对划线部分提问） _ _ cinnamon do they need? 9. The pizza is very delicious. （对划线部分提问） _ do you _ the pizza? V单句改错：1. How many yogurt do we need?2. How many banana does he need?3. First cut into three onions.4. Here is a recipe to a great chicken sandwich?VI. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Look! The bus _ (come). 2. He _(not go) home yesterday afternoon. 3. _ you _ (find) work in Hefei last year? 4. Tom usually _ (walk) to school. 5. The moon _ (move) round the earth. 6. The children _ (watch) TV at home every evening. 7. -What _ you _ (do) tomorrow? -Nothing much. 8. -Where is Jim? -He _ (mend) his bike in the garden. 9. Alice _ (write) two letters to her parents last week. 10. We _